Crane Support Research Articles

An Overview of Design and Optimization of an Industrial Shed With Gantry Girder

The main focus of this project study is to explore and compare the design and optimization of two types of industrial sheds: Pre-Engineering Building (PEB) with gantry girder work and the traditional truss-type steel shed with a gantry girder. PEB structures stand out for their efficiency and quick assembly due to pre-made components assembled on-site. Including a gantry girder in the design supports cranes for lifting heavy loads. On the other hand, the traditional steel shed design also features a gantry girder for crane support and is a staple in the construction sector. By analyzing these designs using STAAD-Pro software, we evaluate factors like strength, construction time, cost efficiency, and suitability for various industrial needs. Through this comparison, we aim to provide valuable insights for construction professionals to determine the most suitable shed design for their specific requirements, ensuring optimal performance and operational efficiency in industrial settings.

Research on integrated technology of integral aerial building formwork equipment and large tower crane

The integrated aerial building formwork equipment is an independently developed support apparatus by China, which is primarily and importance for the construction of concrete structures in ultra high buildings exceeding 200 m. The novelty of this paper focuses on optimizing and improving the load transmission system and its critical large bearing support structure connecting the tower crane through theoretical analysis and finite element numerical calculation. By obtaining the stress ratio and maximum deformation before and after integrated optimization design, a local strengthening scheme for the tower crane support tube is proposed to simplify the structural connection while significantly reducing self-weight and steel consumption without compromising mechanical performance requirements, thus improving the overall performance of the integrated formwork equipment for aerial building construction.

Pressure deviation monitoring and early warning in large integrated tower crane support system for super high-rise buildings

In super high-rise buildings, the integration of large tower cranes with climbing platforms can enhance the construction efficiency. However, this integration mode significantly increases the load on the tower crane support system (TCSS). Current low-precision manual construction methods can lead to uneven pressures at the support points, potentially causing structural damage and serious accidents. This study proposes a method for monitoring, providing warnings, and optimizing deviations in TCSS pressure to ensure safe and controlled operations. Large-load sensors have been developed to monitor the pressure on TCSS in super-high-rise building projects. The pressure tests revealed that the uneven load distributions at the support points differed significantly from the simulation results. The safety of large integrated construction equipment can be ensured by considering the uneven distribution coefficients of the support pressure and improving the design accuracy of the support points.

Studying the distribution of a tower crane support loads using computer modeling

Problem. The construction of modern industrial and civil structures is impossible to imagine without tower cranes. They are used in the construction of both low-rise and high-rise buildings and industrial structures. Tower cranes are simply irreplaceable in the construction of buildings, and in the construction of low-rise structures, these cranes have certain advantages over self-propelled jib cranes. Tower cranes are designed to mechanize construction and installation work, providing up to 98% of all lifting and handling operations during the installation of construction elements of buildings and structures, and are also widely used in various types of lifting operations. The advantages of tower cranes also include the optimal combination of virtually any vertical and horizontal lifting height to any point of the facility under construction. It is worth emphasizing the extremely large potential of the Ukrainian construction market and its need for a wide variety of tower crane models. Thus, tower cranes are one of the most popular types of equipment. Goal. The goal is to develop a methodology for determining the loads during operation on the supporting elements of a tower crane with a support circuit, taking into account the spatial nature of the load and identifying patterns of change in the distribution of loads on the supports during crane operation. In this work, the tasks are achieved by applying an advanced calculation methodology with the use of computer modeling tools that allow the use of labor-intensive calculation methods that take into account many factors.
 Methodology. The main objective of the work is to develop a methodology for determining the loads during operation on the supporting elements of a tower crane with a solid support contour, taking into account the spatial nature of the load and identifying patterns of change in the distribution of loads on the supports during crane operation. 
 Results. It was found that the load of the crane support elements is oscillatory with an amplitude of about 200 kN. When the crane boom is rotated by 135 degrees, support 4 can withstand the greatest load, which is 250 kN, and support 2 is almost unloaded – 5 kN. At a turn of β = 225 degrees, a similar situation occurs with supports 1 and 3, respectively. When the overhang changes, supports 1 and 4 can withstand the same loads in the range of 68 to 190 kN, and supports 2 and 3 can withstand loads from 190 to 50 kN. At the maximum outreach, the critical positions of the crane are when the boom angles are β=45 degrees and β=315 degrees, in which case the crane rests on almost three supports. Originality. This task is achieved by applying an advanced calculation methodology with the use of computer modeling tools that allow the use of labor-intensive calculation methods which take into account many factors. Practical value. Using the developed algorithm for calculating the loads on the crane supports, a computational experiment was conducted to determine the magnitude and nature of changes in the loads on the crane supports under different operating conditions: with different loads and variable outreaches, wind loads.

Experiments With a Rotor-Hybrid Gas Bearing System Undergoing Maneuver Loads From Its Base Support

Abstract Gas bearings enable microturbomachinery (MTM) with a large power to weight ratio, low part count, and nearly frictionless motion, thus resulting in systems operating over extended maintenance intervals and with improved fuel efficiency. Envisioned oil-free vehicle transportation systems implementing gas bearings range from small size gas turbines, to unmanned aerial vehicles, to turbochargers (TC), and more to come. In these vehicles, base or support transient displacements transmit forces exciting the rotor-bearing system; hence, the need to characterize system integrity under stringent operating conditions. This paper reports experiments demonstrating the ability of a hybrid gas bearing-rotor system to withstand maneuver actions that suddenly remove the ground support. The test rig consists of a rigid motor-rotor, supported on tilting pad hybrid gas bearings supplied with pressurized air. The rotor is housed in a thick steel casing that is attached to a rigid base plate. The whole test rig hangs from a crane; two steel cables connect to one side of the base and a nylon webbing attaches to the other side of the base. The other end of the webbing ties to a release mechanism, which when released, frees one side of the rig base. Suddenly, the whole test rig rotates and displaces downward while the tensions in the taut cables rapidly increase and pull the test rig as it swings back and forth. The crane support enables two release maneuvers: one turns the rig ∼90 deg and the other flips it 180 deg, both events occurring while the rotor spins at 70 krpm (surface speed 105 m/s). The measured rotor displacements relative to the casing demonstrate a momentary increase in motion amplitude, up to ∼1.15 mm since the bearings also displace, along with a maximum casing deceleration of ∼7 g when the cables stop the rig fall. The measurements show the rotor response is free of subsynchronous whirl frequencies that could evidence a rotor dynamic instability. Very low frequency motions denote the swing frequency of the hanging rig and jerk motions from the crane lifting and bouncing when the rig is at its lowest vertical position. In one instance, power to the motor unexpectedly interrupted and the rotor underwent an unplanned shaft speed coastdown. In spite of the large displacements recorded, the rotor survived both events; it continues to operate to this day. The experiments demonstrate that the hybrid gas bearing system could withstand large amplitude rotor excursions. The measurements provide a novel method for testing gas bearings, as the induced excitations are multidirectional, while the test rig encounters a short period of free falling, followed by a quick deceleration with large forces. A simple kinetics model of the test rig drop produces peak decelerations similar in magnitude to those measured.

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ УСИЛИЙ В ОПОРАХ СТРЕЛОВОГО САМОХОДНОГО КРАНА

In the paper on the basis of the Rostechnadzor report data there is revealed the topicality of the work connected with stability loss of boom self-propelled cranes during the work on weak load-bearing soils. The fulfilled out theoretical investigations of effort distribution in supports depending upon the angle of a boom pitch (boom extension), the angle of boom rotation in a horizontal plane and the weight of the load to be lifted allowed offering a practical realization of measures for boom self-propelled cranes updating at the expense of the introduction of underlying mechanisms allowing not only the assurance of surface horizontal positioning, but the change of soil bearing capacity (supporting surface). 
 For the determination of the effectiveness of the device offered ensuring a table work on weak load-bearing soils there was developed a procedure for the fulfillment of experimental investigations consisting of two stages. At the first stage there were defined efforts in crane supports depending upon a weight of the load to be lifted and sp-acial boom position. At the second stage there was carried out an estimate of crane support subsidence into soil of different state for basic and updated machines. The investigation results are confirmed with confidence probability of 0.95 by Cochran, Student and Fisher criteria. 
 As a result of experimental investigation carrying out there was defined that the application of an updated design allows increasing self-propelled crane stability by 1.41… 2.27 times.

Stabilnost i optimizacija stuba dizalične staze

This research has presented the built-up column analysis with batten, applied to crane runaway support, where stability is put in the foreground. Also, optimization of all essential geometrical parameters of the built-up column was performed for a given height of the crane column and changing the load capacity. The chord members were composed of as-welded I-sections instead of fabricated hot rolled sections witch are commonly used in these constructions. The mass of the built-up columns, which consists of the chord and Web members (battens) members, was taken as the goal function in this research. Additional stability and load capacity conditions were used as constraint functions, as well as specific design recommendations. The optimization procedure was performed in the Ms. EXCEL software package, using the GRG2 algorithm because certain benefits are essential in this optimization problem. In this way, the justification of applying the proposed model of calculation and optimization was shown because the necessary geometrical parameters can be reached very quickly when designing these types of structures, considering that there are a large number of variables and constraint functions. It is also shown how the mass of the column changes and the optimal geometric parameters when the compression force on the column of the runaway crane support increases.

Fatigue damage analysis of a riveted steel overhead crane support truss

A method is proposed to evaluate the residual life of existing steel structures in terms of fatigue damage. The proposed method is demonstrated on the assessment of selected elements in a nearly 100-year old exterior riveted crane support truss. The Monte Carlo method is used to generate a time-dependent load based on the operation of the overhead crane, and detailed numerical modelling based on rainflow counting and the Palmgren-Miner rule to assess their fatigue resistance and estimate their residual life is evaluated and discussed. This study provides a novel approach to the reliability assessment of riveted joints stressed by cyclic loading and stochastic modelling of the load history of existing structures.

Application of the Combined Vibration Analysis Method of the Overhead Traveling Crane to Prevent Negative Impact on the Structure and Personnel

The subject of the study is the application of the combined method of vibration analysis for the study of dynamic phenomena in the elements of the overhead traveling crane structure that affect both the durability and reliability of structural elements and the health and efficiency of maintenance personnel. Research methodology - simulation of cargo lifting dynamics using Matlab Simulink and SolidWorks software, using combined calculations in which the system response generated from the solved system of differential equations in Matlab Simulink was used to excite the crane support structure during the FEM simulation in SolidWorks. The goal is to identify the vulnerabilities in the construction of overhead traveling cranes, by examining the dynamic phenomena in the structure and the effect of vibration on the safety of the crane's operation, on health, and the capacity of the operating personnel. Conclusion of the study. The proposed method allows more accurately and less costly to predict the response of the crane structure to various dynamic effects, particularly lifting and lowering the load. The presented models of FEM and rigid masses can become the basis for studies based on an integrated approach that integrates the dynamic model with the CE model. The influence of the action of various vibration frequencies on the machinist's body of the overhead traveling crane is analyzed.

The control system of synchronous movement of the gantry crane supports

The paper presents study findings on synchronization of the gantry crane support movement. Asynchrony moving speed bearings may lead to an emergency mode at the natural rate of deformed metal structure alignment. The use of separate control of asynchronous motors with the vector control method allows synchronizing the movement speed of crane supports and achieving a balance between the motors. Simulation results of various control systems are described. Recommendations regarding the system further application are given.

INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRICAL FEATURES OF SUPPORTING STRUCTURE OF CRANE ON DYNAMIC LOADS CAUSED BY DRIVING OVER UNEVEN RAILS

The article discusses the influence of geometrical features of the supporting structure of the crane track dynamic loads caused by driving over uneven rails. Experimental studies were performed on two cranes with different geometries of the supporting structure. Based on the results of measurements, the value of the proportionality coefficient for each of the supporting structure of cranes was determined and compared with calculated values based on the dimensions of the supporting structure. The calculated coefficients of proportionality arising from these geometric features were introduced into the model of dynamic loads presented in the current standard cranes. The values of these loads obtained from the calculations did not differ significantly from those identified in experimental studies, which confirmed the validity of the proportionality coefficient dependent on the geometry of the crane support superstructure.

Innovative System for Off-the-Ground Rotation of Long Objects Using Mobile Cranes

Managing heavy-pressure vessel lifts on construction sites requires planning, arranging adequate crane support, and preparing collision-free rotation (from a horizontal position to a vertical posit...

Press-in piling: a construction solution for cut ; cover tunnels

Pile driving is potentially the greatest source of ground vibrations and noise generated from piling machines used during construction of a cut and cover tunnel. Design codes place limits on the ground vibrations and noise created by these piling activities. These limits are intended to prevent disturbance to humans and damage (both cosmetic and structural) to nearby buildings. Conventional designs and construction methods are easily applicable to areas that have no environmental restraints. However in an urban environment, the number of restrictions can turn a simple project into one that is virtually impossible. Conventional pile driving has all but disappeared from urban construction arenas, not because of limitations in performance, but because of the emissions of deafening noise and earth shattering vibrations, both of which would not be accepted by even the most tolerant community. Drilled shafts, slurry walls and other cast-in-place foundation or retaining wall systems alleviate some of these problems but add additional problems of their own with large bulky machines and reliance on dusty concrete plants and urban trucking grief. The Press-in Method using Silent Piler has been used to install vast majority of hot-rolled steel sheet piles throughout Japan to form temporary and permanent retaining wall system for cut and cover tunnels but they are still virtually unknown worldwide. This piling method allows construction to proceed at sites where conventional vibratory techniques would cause excessive settlement and in cities where noise regulations limit the use of pile hammers. Initially, the system was designed for sheet piling operation but subsequently technological advancements has allowed the Silent Piler to press-in various piles in different shapes and materials, such as U, Z, H, tubular steel sheet piles and concrete sheet piles. Obvious advantages can be seen as there is no perceived vibration and the noise levels are often quieter than ambient traffic levels. Through its ability to self-move over installed pile heads without crane support and followed by a pile pitching crane that clamps on reaction piles (the GRB System), it enables sheet piling works to be carried out easily on slopes, above water and narrow access areas. This system has advantages over conventional piling techniques in other areas too. For example, the Silent Piler can lay piles accurately around curves and corners as sharp as 90 degrees and, because of its low centre of gravity, the machine can infiltrate restricted spaces like under bridges or between railway tracks -situations under which major disruption would be necessary using established practice. For pressing-in a pile into hard and difficult sub soils, Giken has developed a simultaneous auguring procedure that loosens the rock sufficiently for the Press-in Method to work. Another development incorporates a water jetting that lubricates the movement of piles in the ground. Savvy readers will have noticed that the Silent Piler uses piles that have been installed to anchor the machine to provide reaction for the hydraulic pressure. They will ask themselves the classic chicken and egg question: which comes first? The solution is that when the first pile is ready to be installed, the Silent Piler must be anchored to the ground by sufficient weight to stop it from rising. This counter weight is often provided by the stack of piles waiting to be installed. (A). Reprinted with permission from Elsevier. For the covering abstract see ITRD E124500.

Influence of crane support system on motion of the lifted load

The subject of this work is a dynamical model of the truck crane and the lifted load, in which the flexibility of the support system is taken into account. The kinematic forcing representing the following controls of truck crane motions: control for changing the length of the telescopic boom; control for changing the boom inclination angle; control for rotation of the boom and control for changing the rope length on which the lifted load is hung are considered. The complete description of the coupled motions of the load and the truck crane has been obtained.

Rock Engineering: La Grande Complex, Quebec

Rock engineering has played an important role in the design and construction management of the La Grande Complex, a 13,75O MW hydroelectric development in the James Bay area of northern Quebec. Confidence in the strength and erosion resisting properties of the precambrian granitic and metamorphic rocks of the region has led to some innovative design solutions as well as a policy of flexible response to rock support requirements. Experience gained with unlined tunnels and channels for hydraulic purposes is discussed. The importance of closely controlled drilling and blasting procedures in some areas of the work such as the crane support ledges at LG2 and a diversion conduit excavation at LG4 is also noted. The success of the flexible, generally optimistic approach to rock excavation and support activities in the Complex is due in large measure to the good communication links existing among design, cost control and construction elements within the management group, the Sociėtė d'ėnergie de la Baie James.

DESIGN FOR ERECTION CONSIDERATIONS

For the erection of the hypothetical 24-story apartment building several types of construction equipment are discussed. Based on the selection of a climbing crane as a suitable method for erecting components of this building, a detailed analysis is performed on the crane capacities required, crane support frames, and typical floor girders of the structure to support the crane assembly. Additionally, foundation modifications are analyzed and discussed for the initial position of the climbing crane resting on ground level. Further discussions include climbing sequences, lateral restraint, and bracing.

Construction of Multibarrier Containment Vessels

An analysis concerning the design features and actual construction of a shield building using the slip form technique is presented. A brief analysis of the design and construction of the welded steel containment vessel is also included. The first part outlines the plans and applicable specifications for the shield building. A brief tabulation of the advantages of the multibarrier system is included. The major portion details the construction schedule and the actual construction progress on the containment for the Kewaunee and Prairie Island power plants during the winter of 1968-1069. There is also an analysis of some of the major design features of the containment vessel such as equipment hatch, crane support and roof construction.