Design Of Crane Research Articles

Industrial Crane Automation Using Cloud with Artificial Intelligent and Machine Learning

This paper describes the design and development of a construction crane for use in lifting in the heavy weight object at construction site. The construction crane was developed by automatic system which was modified by adding the sensors like proxy sensors, pressure sensors and advance control system. The crane using 3 phase dc motors and voltage range of 220 to 650 volts. The cranes system is controlled through android app using an internet implementing adequate algorithms to ensure a smooth movement and prevent the undesired swinging effects. The machine is operated via a Man Machine Interface (MMI) installed in the android mobile. The range of crane control operations extended by using the internet of things (IOT).

Tea Bowl with Decoration of Standing Cranes (Tachizuru): Made-to-order Ceramics Produced in the Japan House Kilns

The Japan House (Korean: waegwan; Japanese: wakan) in the port city of Pusan, was a Japanese outpost during the Chosŏn dynasty. In the period 1639 to 1718, the Sō clan of Tsushima, commissioned made-to-order ceramics here, reflecting Japanese requirements, and a long-standing Japanese enthusiasm for kōrai chawan (“Korean tea bowls”), as demanded by the tea authorities in Japan. The focus of this paper is a group of tea bowls with decoration of standing cranes, the most representative type of made-to-order tea bowls produced at the Japan House kilns. Historical records and recent excavations of kiln sites have revealed that the type of tea bowl with standing crane design enjoyed popularity and continued to be produced until the closure of the Japan House kilns. A bowl of the deep, cylindrical shape adheres closely to early Koryŏ prototypes, while its notched foot resembles those of soft porcelain bowls made for ritual use. The subject of its design motif can be traced back to the ubiquitous cranes of Koryŏ inlaid celadon. The ethereal crane, traditionally associated with longevity, was popular in East Asian pictorial culture. The standing crane design on this type of tea bowl displays a combination of influences from the crane painting by the Southern Song painter Muqi (act. ca. 1240-75) and its reinterpretation by the Kano painters. This paper seeks to define the characteristics of the Japan House kiln products by examining its best-known type of tea bowl with decoration of standing cranes. It elucidates how the tea bowl with standing crane design is clearly not an imitation of early Koryŏ celadon but shows a range of decorative styles that reflect the tastes of the Edo-period daimyo tea world. While adapted to the tastes of Japanese consumers, the tea bowl with standing crane design produced at the Japan House kilns display influences from regional kilns in Chosŏn Korea. In this light, the type of tea bowl with decoration of standing cranes manifests a hybrid state of shifting boundaries and demarcations where Japanese and Korean influences coexisted and encountered with difference.

Optimal PID and fuzzy logic based position controller design of an overhead crane using the Bees Algorithm

Different industrial applications frequently use overhead cranes for moving and lifting huge loads. It applies to civil construction, metallurgical production, rivers, and seaports. The primary purpose of this paper is to control the motion/position of the overhead crane using a PID controller using Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Bee Algorithms (BA) as optimization tools. Moreover, Fuzzy Logic modified PID Controller is applied to obtain better controller parameters. The mathematical model uses an analytical method, and the PID model employs Simulink in MATLAB. The paper presents the PID parameters determination with a different approach. The development of membership functions, fuzzy rules employ the Fuzzy Logic toolbox. Both inputs and outputs use triangular membership functions. The result shows that the optimized value of the PID controller with the Ziegler-Nichols approach is time-consuming and will provide only the initial parameters. However, PID parameters obtained with the optimization method using GA and BA reached the target values. The results obtained with the fuzzy logic controller (0.227% overshoot) show improvement in overshoot than the conventional PID controller (0.271% overshoot).

Observer design for a single mast stacker crane

Abstract This contribution is concerned with the design of observers for a single mast stacker crane, which is used, e. g., for storage and removal of loads in automated warehouses. As the mast of such stacker cranes is typically a lightweight construction, the system under consideration is described by ordinary as well as partial differential equations, i. e., the system exhibits a mixed finite-/infinite-dimensional character. We will present two different observer designs, an Extended Kalman Filter based on a finite-dimensional system approximation, using the Rayleigh-Ritz method and an approach exploiting the port-Hamiltonian system representation for the mixed finite-/infinite-dimensional scenario where in particular the observer-error system should be formulated in the port-Hamiltonian framework. The mixed-dimensional observer and the Kalman Filter are employed to estimate the deflection of the beam based on signals acquired by an inertial measurement unit at the beam tip. Such an approach considerably simplifies mechatronic integration as it renders strain-gauges at the base of the mast obsolete. Finally, measurement results demonstrate the capability of these approaches for monitoring and vibration-rejection purposes.

Design and Analysis of Electric Crane with 500Kg Material Handling Capacity

In industry material handling is very important. For that purpose efficient machine is needed. In modern days the electric crane plays important role to fulfil that requirement. It is economical, effective, less time consuming, more safety, and flexible for uses. In industry the safety is most important factor for any material handling machine which deals with the heavy load depending on the capacity. In electric crane the safety keeps on first priority. In this paper we design the electric crane which is more economical, less time consumable, with more safety and the easy to operate. It has two control units, one is at crane frame and one is at the remote location. This crane is able to operate by the single operator far from the crane and also can operate directly from the crane frame itself. Its lifting capacity is up to 500kg. according to load we carried out the load calculations for the crane frame or body & we created a 3D CAD model. Every component should able to deal with that load. To ensure that we carried out the analysis of the whole assembly in ANSYS 19.2. In analysis we found that the whole assembly is able to handle the load which we suppose to apply on it. We implement the pulley reduction to reduce the load on motor and gearbox as well. We tried to keep crane more compact in size so that it consume less space in industry.

Safety Assessment for Upper Part of Floating Crane Considering Minimum Luffing Angle

Floating cranes are used for the construction and installation work of harbors, various heavy industries, and offshore structures. In the case of floating cranes that need to move around the work site, their navigation can be constrained due to marine bridges. In some cases, the clearance under the bridge between the water surface and the bottom of the marine bridge may be too low, and floating cranes cannot pass under the marine bridge. In this study, the height of the marine bridges and the boom height of the floating cranes considering the minimum luffing angle were investigated. Through minimizing the boom luffing angle of the floating crane by the height of back tower, a floating crane with improved mobility through marine bridges was developed. A structural analysis model was produced to check whether the developed crane design satisfies the design criteria obeying the KR, DNVGL, and ABS rules, including luffing condition as a special consideration. As a result of the structural analyses, structural safety was validated for the service, stowage, and luffing conditions in terms of combined stresses, displacements, and buckling.

Wind-induced vibration fragility of outer-attached tower crane to super-tall buildings: A case study

To gain insight into the wind-induced safety concerns associated with attached tower cranes during the construction of super-tall buildings, a 606 m level frame-core tube super-tall building is selected to investigate the wind-induced vibration response and fragility of an outer-attached tower crane at all stages of construction. The wind velocity time history samples are artificially generated and used to perform dynamic response analyses of the crane to observe the effects of wind velocity and wind direction under its working and non-working resting state. The adverse effects of the relative displacement response at different connection supports are also identified. The wind-resistant fragility curves of the crane are obtained by introducing the concept of incremental dynamic analysis. The results from the investigation indicate that a large relative displacement between the supports can substantially amplify the response of the crane at high levels. Such an effect becomes more serious when the lifting arm is perpendicular to the plane of the connection supports. The flexibility of super-tall buildings should be considered in the design of outer-attached tower cranes, especially for anchorage systems. Fragility analysis can be used to specify the maximum appropriate height of the tower crane for each performance level.

Model Design of Construction Crane and Motion Regulation Using Hardware Control and Programming

In this paper, the methodology of development and regulation of the physical small model of Construction Crane is presented. The type of crane is Luffing Jib Crane. The model with its main parts is developed with 3D printing using moulded plastic materials. It is regulated for motion using microcontroller Arduino Nano, Motor drivers, and Servo Motors. Motion control is programmed with LabView Software. The motion processes that will be studied are lifting, lowering, and rotation of the Jib. The purpose is to create and analyse small and scaled model of Construction Crane that can be programmed and regulated to carry loads. This paper is a contribution to Crane’s design and regulation and it is a multidisciplinary engineering project from the fields of mechanical engineering design, materials selection, 3d printing, electronics hardware, systems control, data flow programming and software applications.

Proposed solutions of accidents resulting use of 3D coordinate technology in the civil engineering industry

Mechanical engineers have adapted 3D coordinate technology in the design and implementation of cranes to accelerate the production of construction industries, especially tall structures such as buildings and bridges. Structural engineering projects such as buildings, infrastructure, and bridges are central to the development of human civilization. However, it is also a source of some types of accidents and even disasters, which will be referred to in this paper as structural engineering disasters. This paper discusses the concept, types, and characteristics of structural engineering disasters, especially those that talk about the use of high-level 3D coordinate equipment (tower or mobile cranes) and ways to mitigate them. The accidents in practice occur due to dynamic balance defects during equipment operation, which is usually due to incorrect selection or behavior on the construction site, installation, maintenance, operation, or ambient environmental conditions. Structural engineering disasters occur frequently and globally because they are closely related to human behavior and performance. This paper confirms that solutions can be found entrepreneurial to manage the situation to reach the appropriate operation to mitigate the accidents, through implementing the proposed administrative and engineering recommendations related to an accurate scientific method to meet these challenges. The engineering recommendations are based on ensuring the proper implementation of maintenance, operation, and calibration under the engineering standards. While the administrative recommendations focus on ensuring the follow-up of the safety procedures for implementing maintenance programs and the appropriate behavior of operator and scientifically signal person to meet these challenges.

РАЗРАБОТКА СОСТАВОВ РАДИАЦИОННО-ЗАЩИТНОГО БЕТОНА

The article considers the possibility of using composite binders and magnetite as components of concrete with radiation-proof properties. The use of the developed concrete is possible not only when it is necessary to build nuclear power plants, but also to create bunkers or anti-radiation shelters. A special feature of concretes used for the protection and design of nuclear reactor cranes is their properties, which they must have. These properties include: low thermal conductivity, increased density, high temperature resistance, reduced values of the coefficient of thermal expansion, shrinkage and creep. Technogenic raw materials for the production of very heavy concrete are studied, the main physical and mechanical characteristics, the requirements that need to be considered in the selection of raw mix composition for protective concrete are analyzed. The paper presents a comparison of physical and mechanical characteristics, the advantages and disadvantages of introducing a binder of various types: cement, cement with a superlasticizer and a binder of low water consumption. It was found that the use of a low-water-consumption binder increases the physical and mechanical characteristics while reducing the consumption of cement in the raw material mix compared to traditional heavy concrete with cement.

Reliability-based design optimization for the lattice boom of crawler crane

The reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) problem involving discrete design variables and multi-working constraints is tackled with the consideration of the uncertainty factors in the optimal design of crawler crane’s lattice boom. In the optimization model, the uncertainties of material property, geometric parameters and loads are represented by random variables. The geometrical dimensions, performance functions’ reliability indexes and the minimum weight of lattice boom are defined respectively as the random design variables, probabilistic constraints and objective function. Integrating the reliability analysis method based on response surface method (RSM) with multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA), an efficient reliability-based design optimization process for the lattice boom is developed under the typical constrained working conditions. Several verification cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of optimization results. It is shown that the reliability-based design optimization method can not only satisfy the reliability constraints of the lattice boom, but also ensure the safety and economy of crawler crane boom as well as minimize the structure weight. The developed method is capable to be extended to the reliability-based design optimization of other large and complex construction machinery structures.

Design and deflection evaluation of a portal crane subjected to traction load

Abstract In this study, deflection values occurring on the main girder of a portal crane at various payloads were investigated theoretically, numerically and experimentally. The entire portal crane structure was analyzed on via a computer model in order to assess the reliability of the main girder in terms of deflection. Variations in deflection on the main girder were determined in accordance with load lifted and the crane trolley position. In addition, deflection values at critical points on the main girder of the portal crane were measured experimentally. Results indicate that maximum deflection value occurring on the main girder when the crane trolley was located at the middle of main girder were 1.34 times greater than the deflection value when the crane trolley was located at loading position 3.

Design and deflection evaluation of a portal crane subjected to traction load

Abstract In this study, deflection values occurring on the main girder of a portal crane at various payloads were investigated theoretically, numerically and experimentally. The entire portal crane structure was analyzed on via a computer model in order to assess the reliability of the main girder in terms of deflection. Variations in deflection on the main girder were determined in accordance with load lifted and the crane trolley position. In addition, deflection values at critical points on the main girder of the portal crane were measured experimentally. Results indicate that maximum deflection value occurring on the main girder when the crane trolley was located at the middle of main girder were 1.34 times greater than the deflection value when the crane trolley was located at loading position 3.

Rapid Installation Technology of Prefabricated Integrated Pipe Gallery

With the development of the city, the advantages of the integrated pipe gallery are becoming more and more obvious. In recent years, the government departments have also intensified efforts to promote the construction of urban integrated pipe gallery. The prefabricated pipe gallery can save all the template costs, and there is no wet operation on site. Most of the process is completed in the prefabrication plant, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the construction period is greatly shortened. Improve and optimize the design and installation technology of unequal gantry cranes and pipe lifting and installation technology, and improve the overall ergonomics of prefabricated pipe installation through rapid installation of prefabricated pipes. During the installation process of the prefabricated pipe gallery, according to the characteristics of the installation of the pipe gallery, the new technology and new equipment are used for the flow-through operation, which can realize the integrated construction work of quick unloading, hoisting, turning and installation of components, greatly improving the installation efficiency.

Fragility Analysis of Gantry Crane Subjected to Near-Field Ground Motions

A gantry crane located in a near-field earthquake-prone area is selected in this paper as an example, and the nonlinear finite element (FE) model is used considering the material nonlinearity including plastic hinges and the second order (P − Δ ) effect with a comprehensive consideration of the components including sill beams, support beams, legs, and trolley girders. The local displacement ratio (LDR) and deflection ratio (DR) are proposed as demand measures (DMs) of the gantry crane, which are utilized to construct a probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM). Then, the capacity limit states for the gantry crane are defined in this study by performing pushover analysis (POA), known as serviceability, damage control, and collapse prevention, respectively. Moreover, the operating capacity of the crane during an earthquake is further investigated and quantified by operating seismic peak ground acceleration, which is defined as the maximum acceleration when the failure probability is 50%. Finally, the fragility curves and the failure probability of the gantry crane are derived by the above definitions, all of which are pioneering in the seismic design of gantry cranes subjected to near-field ground motions. Some major conclusions are drawn that the horizontal component of an earthquake has a more notable effect on the structural damage of the gantry crane compared to the vertical component, and incremental dynamic analysis can take seismic uncertainty into account and quantify the deformation of gantry crane in more detail.

Study of the crawler crane stability affected by the length of compensating ropes and platform rotation angle in the mode of movement with payload

Payload uncontrolled oscillations arising during movement of a loaded self-propelled crawler crane at a construction site were reduced by equipping the crane with two additional compensating ropes equal in length and connecting the rotating platform to the load gripping device. This also increased the stability of the entire system. The stability margin moment was used to evaluate the crane stability at individual tipping axes of the crawler support contour. While moving along a random microrelief surface, under the varied length of the compensating ropes and the platform rotation angle, the length reduction increased the mathematical expectation of the stability margin moment for the most loaded lateral tipping axis. The smallest values of the stability margin moment were obtained at the platform rotation angle close to 90 degrees, with the crane stability index being most affected by the compensating rope length. At a zero platform rotation angle, the compensating rope length effect on the stability at the most loaded lateral axis was insignificant. The regression equation of the average stability margin moment affected by the compensating rope length and the platform rotation angle was obtained. The results can be used in the design of advanced self-propelled cable electric crawler cranes.

Load swing rejection for double-pendulum tower cranes using energy-shaping-based control with actuator output limitation

For the controller design of tower cranes, the swing of load is always regarded the crane as a single-pendulum model, however in practical applications, such as when the hook mass can not be ignored, the tower crane dynamic system presents a double-pendulum nature. In this case, the dynamic characteristics analysis and controller design for such cranes becomes more complicated. In addition, many researches do not take into account the real situation of the actuator, that is, in actual tower cranes, the output torque/force can not be infinite due to the actual design constraints of the actuator. When the output torque reaches the limit value in some cases, the control performance is greatly reduced. According to the above, after simplifying the tower crane dynamic model, this paper presents a nonlinear controller based on energy-shaping to solve the above problems. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by the Lyapunov technique and LaSalle’s invariance theorem. Under a large number of simulation results, the proposed controller has good control performance and robustness.

Current Status on Limit State Method of Design in Crane Design

Current Status on Limit State Method of Design in Crane Design

Design and Reconstruction of an Ancient Roman Crane

Archeological remains and literature sources are used to work out design considerations and reconstruction activities on an ancient Roman crane. Design requirements have been elaborated by looking at the Vitruvius work as republished during Renaissance and considering practical aspects of material and manufacturing both in ancient time and today possibilities. Results are reported in terms of design developments and experiences for prototype reconstructions that have been exhibited in a museum.

Fatigue Life Evaluation Method for Foundry Crane Metal Structure Considering Load Dynamic Response and Crack Closure Effect

To compensate for the shortcomings of quasi-static law in anti-fatigue analysis of foundry crane metal structures, the fatigue life evaluation method of foundry crane metal structure considering load dynamic response and crack closure effect is proposed. In line with the theory of mechanical vibration, a dynamic model of crane structure during the working cycle is constructed, and dynamic coefficients under diverse actions are analysed. Calculation models of the internal force dynamic change process of dangerous cross-sections and a simulation model of first principal stress-time history are established by using the steel structure design criteria, which is utilised to extract the change of first principal stress of danger points over time. Then, the double-parameter stress spectrum is obtained by the rain flow counting method. The fatigue life calculation formula is corrected by introducing a crack closure parameter that can be calculated by the stress ratio and the effective stress ratio. Under the finite element model imported into Msc. Patran, crack propagation analysis is performed by the growth method in the fatigue integration module Msc. Fatigue. Taking the metal structure of a 100/40t-28.5m foundry crane with track offset as an example, the accuracy of calculation results and the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method are verified by theoretical calculation and finite element simulation, which provide a theoretical basis for improvement of the fatigue resistance design of foundry cranes.