Country Hotel Research Articles

Technological, organisational and environmental drivers of sustainability in hotels

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the position of 155 hotel managers in Africa and Asia about implementing sustainability practices (SP) focussing their competitive advantage (CA). Sustainability practices and CA are explained through the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework within the hospitality, tourism and travel industries.Design/methodology/approach: The Structural Equation Model based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) methodology was applied to hotels in African countries, including South Africa, as well as Asia. Six variables were analysed in order to study the impact of SP in CA.Findings/results: Findings imply that technological advancements, organisational commitments and environmental considerations collectively foster robust SP in emerging economies. The adoption of eco-friendly technologies (TS), the integration of sustainable policies (OS) and adherence to environmental regulations (ES) collectively contribute to the sustainability goals of hotels.Practical implications: The study reveals that hotels in emerging markets should strategically emphasise the TOE framework to enhance SP and CA. Investing in advanced technologies, implementing effective organisational practices and adhering to environmental standards significantly improve sustainability performance.Originality/value: While the TOE model has been extensively studied across various industries, limited research has explored its application in tourism. This study uniquely investigates how SP can enhance CA in the tourism sector through comparative analysis.

Hotel enterprises in Nizhny Novgorod in 1918-1939.

The market reforms that began in the late Soviet period and continued after the collapse of the USSR radically changed the country's hotel industry. The changes have affected literally all aspects of the industry. Similar large-scale changes were already taking place in the hospitality industry at the beginning of the twentieth century, after the socialist revolution of 1917. Therefore, it is interesting to find out how the young Soviet state, in the most difficult conditions of the civil war and foreign intervention, was able to practically rebuild the country's hotel industry. Because of this, the experience of hotel construction in the first two decades of Soviet power can be useful. The subject of the research in this article was the development of hotel enterprises in Nizhny Novgorod, such as communal hotels, "Peasant Houses", night shelters during this period. The paper provides an analysis of the main directions of development of the Nizhny Novgorod hotel industry from 1918 to 1939. The article is based on materials from regional archives (TSANO and GOP NO), periodicals, and scientific literature. The article uses historical-systemic and historical-comparative methods, as well as general scientific methods such as description and comparison. The conducted research showed that the hotel industry of the city was in a difficult situation by 1918. The change in the social system in the state, the decline in the standard of living of the population, and the refugees provoked a crisis in the hotel industry of Nizhny Novgorod. The mass closure of enterprises was avoided only by nationalization and municipalization of enterprises. The opening of the Peasant's House in 1925 was able to alleviate the acute shortage of hotel stock for a short period. But in the 1930s, due to the growth of foreign tourism, the problem of a shortage of high-class hotels worsened. The construction of the Volna, Rossiya and Intourist hotels partially solved this problem. But for ordinary Soviet citizens, hotels are still inaccessible. At the same time, the level of service was at an extremely low level.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН, ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПРИВАБЛИВІСТЬ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПОДАЛЬШОГО РОЗВИТКУ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

The purpose of the article is to diagnose the current state and determine the main trends in the development of the hotel and restaurant business in Ukraine, to assess the investment attractiveness of the hotel and restaurant business in the process of financing its development. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 threatened not only tourism in Ukraine, but also the international travel sector, which has just begun to recover from the losses caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The tourism sector, which began to confidently recover in January 2022, significantly narrowed the opportunities for full-scale growth as early as March 2022. Both inbound and outbound tourism in Ukraine are under threat. The hotel and restaurant business as a component of the tourism industry of the domestic economy was considered, the main trends of its development, the level of investment attractiveness and prospects for further development in Ukraine were determined. Ways to solve problems with the aim of transforming the hotel and restaurant business into a highly profitable branch of the domestic economy are proposed. Sources of funding for the further development of the country's hotel and restaurant business have been determined. The current state of investment activity in the hotel and restaurant sector is analyzed through a study of the volume of capital investments made in it. The development of the tourist business in Ukraine during the martial law, which even ensured an increase in tax revenues to the country's budget, was studied. It was determined that the hotel and restaurant business of Ukraine needs constant investments to maintain competitive positions on the market, increase the level of satisfaction of consumer demand for services that meet world standards in terms of assortment and quality. The analysis of statistical data shows a steady trend of reduction in infrastructural tourism resources, and therefore, the volume of services of this sector of the economy. Such a general and regional trend gives reason to talk about the need to introduce organizational and economic measures to intensify activity. Investigated potential investment opportunities of hotel and restaurant business enterprises. A complex of measures of state regulation and improvement of management of the industry is also proposed in order to activate the development of the hotel and restaurant business. The state influences the intensification of investment activity by developing the appropriate institutional base, without which the functioning of the investment sphere is impossible, namely, the organization of investment-oriented funds, the creation of a network of consulting firms, state scientific organizations, conducting scientific research, and establishing the work of small and medium-sized business training centers. It was determined that in modern conditions of operation, it is necessary to form and implement an investment policy for the development of the hotel and restaurant industry, which would include such important components as: mechanisms of state regulation of this industry; resource provision and preferential financing of development; organizational and functional support of management processes; informational and methodical support of the industry.

Assessment of hotel business operators in international and domestic markets

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of global and national hotel chains in recent years. The issues of hotel chains have been covered in the works of scholars: M. Bosovska, G. Papiryan, M. Mendelson, V. Shemrakov and others. Tourism industry experts have been covering this issue for decades, and this topic remains relevant. It has been determined that the United States is the country with the most common hotel chains. If we analyze the distribution of hotel chains in the world, the largest number of them is represented in North and South America, and in Europe this figure is significantly lower. It amounts to 22%. The article shows the number of hotels of various chains, such as Hilton Worldwide, Accor, Wyndham Hotel Group, etc., as of 2022. The share of hotel chains in the hotel industry in Europe is much lower compared to the United States. In particular, the largest number of hotel chains is represented in France - 3,816 hotels (17.2% of all hotels), Great Britain - 3,520 (8.5%), Spain - 2,453 (9.7%), Germany - 2,078 (4.2%). The publication presents a table showing the number of hotels in European countries as of 2022. The table contains an important indicator - the share of chain hotels, which allows to understand the number of chain hotels in a particular country in relation to other countries. This identifies the countries with the best developed number of hotel chains and the countries where their development is still insufficient. The article presents a rating of the 10 largest international hotel chains by number of hotels for the period 2015-2022, where the leading positions are occupied by Shanghai Jin Jiang, Wyndham Hotel Group and Huazhu Group Ltd. For each hotel chain, the article indicates the growth rate over the past 8 years, which is important for a general understanding of the development and expansion of the chain. The activities of national hotel chains, as well as the structure of international hotel chains in Ukraine are analyzed. Statistical analysis, analytical and synthetic methods have been methodological tools of the study. The analysis of the most common hotel chains in the world is the object of the study

The Formation of the Hotel Business in Russia (XI – XVIII Centuries)

Relevance. The article examines the process of the establishment of the hotel business in Russia. The relevance of the topic under consideration is unconditional in view of its low coverage in the scientific literature and its importance for the formation of a general concept of the development of the hotel industry in the country.The purpose is to highlight the main stages of the establishment of the hotel business in Russia.Objectives: to determine the degree of state regulation of the activities of "hotels"; to name the types of hotel establishments in different historical periods; to assess the level of service.Methodology. The article is based on the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity. In addition to them were the methods of a special plan – hermeneutic, comparative legal and historical-typological.Results. The process of establishment of the hotel business in Russia was a long one, inextricably linked with the formation and development of Russian statehood. Hotel establishments of various types were arranged, as a rule, in cities or on crowded roads. They provided accommodation, catering services, and, at the same time, strengthened trade ties, created conditions for cultural exchange. Hospitality was a characteristic feature of the Russian people. In the pre-Mongol period, reception and accommodation services were provided by guest houses, inns, camps, churchyards. Under the influence of the Mongol-Tatars, Yamsky stations appeared as hotels on the roads of Russia. Since the beginning of the XVIII century, the country's hotel network has been expanding at the expense of European-type establishments: inns, herbergs. The state has been leaving the hotel business outside the zone of active regulation for a long time. The activities of the "hotels" were subordinated to customary law. The first attempts to establish hotel standards date back to the XIV century . During the formation of the unified Russian state, activity in hotel management increased. In Peter's time, the government's policy was aimed at modernizing service quality standards, expanding the scope of hotel services provided, improving taxation, and unifying the hotel chain.Conclusion. The state of the hotel industry was a qualitative reflection of the political and socio-economic processes in the country.

A multi-criteria, composite index methodology to measure the suitability of target markets for the hotel industry

This article presents a multi-criteria methodology to identify target markets for the hotel industry, based on objective and quantitative criteria from official statistical sources, using five dimensions: volume, evolution, seasonality, length of stay and expenditure. The methodology allows tourism organisations to: i) identify market indicators that respond to their organisational goals; ii) build a composite indicator that reveals the suitability of these markets; and iii) evaluate market segments based on their attractiveness and their market share. We test and illustrate the methodology using pre- and post-pandemic data for international tourism demand to Spain, illustrating the value of different target markets both for the country's hotel industry and for individual hoteliers.

Application of SWOT analysis to justify the strategy of hotel business enterprises

One of the important areas of action in Ukraine is the restoration of the sphere of activity of hotels with the reduction of restrictions after COVID-19 in the conditions of the russian federation's war against Ukraine. Using the experience of hotels in other countries will be useful in restoring the tourism industry in Ukraine. Disadvantages in the operation of hotels arise from the fact that management decisions are sometimes made intuitively, modern innovative management methods, such as SWOT analysis, are not used. The object of the research is the influence of the owner and management on the review of the business strategy in the critical use of the hotel's capabilities with the help of SWOT analysis. The problem of improving business management was solved at the stage of considering options for improving the hotel's operations. The results were to show the chance of choosing the optimal business strategy when systematically considering options for management decisions regarding the future of the hotel using SWOT analysis techniques. When applying a SWOT analysis, the weaknesses and strengths of the hotel are modeled; but it requires special statistical knowledge. In the paper, based on the processing of studied of the hospitality industry, examples of SWOT analysis experience for the implementation of business strategy by hotels in countries with a developed tourism market are indicated. Consolidated information is formed on the components of a SWOT analysis of a hotel business strategy according to the authors' proposals. The process of SWOT analysis in improving the activity of Ukrainian hotels at the stage of planning and implementation of strategic directions is revealed. The formation of an information base is outlined with an integrated approach in the process of implementation. Organizational measures for implementing the hotel strategy according to SWOT analysis are indicated. Conclusions are drawn and directions for further research are shown. The obtained results are the process of making management decisions based on a set of market data, which determines the application of a certain sequence of recognized stages (algorithm). A SWOT analysis, which was prepared by eliminating all the ideas of the participants and ranking them in order of importance, will combine a large problem into a report that is more understandable to individuals and must be put into practice by them.

ГОТЕЛЬНЕ ГОСПОДАРСТВО ЯК СКЛАДОВА ІНДУСТРІЇ ГОСТИННОСТІ КРАЇНИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НІМЕЧЧИНИ)

Dissertation studies of Ukrainian scientists devoted to the development of the hotel industry are considered. Ukrainian researchers pay considerable attention to the issues of the development of the country's hotel industry, its management, improvement of the quality of hotel services, spatial optimization of establishments, etc. A detailed analysis of the hotel industry of the countries of the world has not been found in the works of domestic scientists. The dynamics of the number of overnight stays in tourist facilities in Germany for the period 2018–2022 were considered. It was established that during this period the maximum rate of overnight stays fell on 2019 and amounted to 495.6 million units. A significant decrease in the number of overnight stays (about 40%) occurred in 2020 and 2021, which is due to restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, when there was a ban on accommodation for tourists from November 2020 to December 31, 2021, and for business travelers were allowed to live only if their stay was "absolutely necessary". In 2022, about 450.8 million overnight stays of tourists were recorded in tourist facilities in Germany. This indicator is only 9% less than in 2019, which indicates the active travel of tourists and the restoration of the functioning of accommodation facilities. An analysis of the number of overnight stays made by domestic and foreign tourists for the period 2018–2022 in the country's tourist accommodations was carried out. It was established that the number of nights spent by domestic tourists is higher. An analysis of hotels in Germany by star category was carried out. It was established that the most represented star category among German hotels is three stars, the second place was occupied by four-star hotels. Spatial analysis of the number fund by federal states of Germany was carried out. The leader in the number of hotel rooms is the region of Bavaria (39%), the last position is occupied by the region of Baden-Württemberg (0.1%). The leading cities in terms of number of hotels are highlighted: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Frankfurt. These megacities control one third of the total room stock of the country's hotel market.

Highlights from the 50th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques (HPLC 2022)

After three “lost” years, the 50th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques, or HPLC 2022, returned. The symposium was held at the Town and Country Hotel and Conference Center in sunny San Diego, California, from June 18–23, 2022. The HPLC symposium continues to be the premier event bringing together leading scientists in the field of liquid chromatography (LC) and related techniques. The conference was chaired by Frantisek Svec of Charles University, and, especially under the uncertain times leading up to the event, was very successful and welcomed by the attendees.

“A thread connects all beads”: Aligning global CSR strategy by hotel MNCs

Facing the global challenges of building a sustainable and equitable economy, hotel multinational corporations (MNCs) have leveraged their extensive global reach and business skills to guide local communities through the implementation of global corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. Our study explored the alignment of global CSR strategy by two hotel MNCs—Hilton Worldwide and Marriott International—using an institutional logics framework. Based on a two-country case study of China and Turkey, we uncover the mechanisms of implementation for alignment between MNC headquarters and affiliated hotels in host countries, where a plurality of logics interact and collide with the global CSR logic. We examine the dimensions of plurality of logics in the process of local implementation and unveil novel insights on logic reconciliation and activation to support systemic and transformative change through global CSR strategies of MNCs. We offer theoretical and practical implications and future research directions. • This study examined global integration of a CSR strategy in two hotel multinational corporations in China and Turkey. • Novel mechanisms enabled alignment between headquarters and local hotels for CSR in the context of a plurality of institutional logics. • Corporate logic dominated community and state logic in global strategic alignment of CSR. • Local implementation tensions and facilitators were identified for supporting headquarters mechanisms. • Hospitality logic facilitated strategic alignment, improving the potential of the MNCs to create awareness and impact.

Evaluation of the Main Performance Indicators of 4 and 5-Star Hotels using the Example of the Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan

Currently, along with the leading sectors of the world economy, the share of tourism is integral and dynamically growing. Overall, in the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to achieve the proper level of tourism development and in particular the hospitality industry, a number of obvious barriers have to be overcome. At this stage of development these difficulties are related to the natural shortage of professionals, an expanded and advanced transport and information infrastructure, implementation of a number of technological solutions, etc. Undeniable is a fact of a global pandemic which caused the precarious situation of all spheres of the economy.
 Hotel business is an integral part of the hospitality industry and is a whole category of areas in the service sector, which includes accommodation, food and beverage, event planning, theme parks, cruise travels, airlines and additional tourism areas (Bayandinova 2016, 201). Like any other functioning market object, hotel activities are at risk.
 The purpose of this research is to study the current situation in the hotel business on the example of Nur-Sultan city, also to consider in detail the work of hotels of selected categories by conducting an efficiency assessment, according to the selected criteria - economic and socio-organizational. The results obtained in this article are relevant for practical application in improving the functioning and effective management in the country's hotel market, especially in current affected situation of the tourism market in general during the pandemic.

Hotellogy - A New Branch of Philosophy of Science

A phenomenon is an embryo that comes from each science, and each science will have a branch of science. As a science, tourism has many branches of sub tourism science. One branch of tourism science is hotellogy. Hotellogy comes from the word of hotel and logy; hence hotellogy is the study of all tourist activities and the surrounding communities and other things related to tourism. There are three terms of science, e.g., ontology, axiology, and epistemology, which make the hotellogy has strong parallels with other existing sciences. Hotellogy is always dynamic and adaptive to the local and global community that has descriptive and predictions functions in various dimensions; therefore, the development of hotellogy is based on the three systems, e.g., social, economic, and biological systems. This research focuses on exploring hotel studies in Indonesia by pieces of literature. There is an opportunity for researchers to examine the situation of hotels in various countries so that the general results between countries regarding the existence of hotels will become complete and waveform knowledge so that the universal identity will become a universal identity of hotellogy becomes stronger.

Review of Hotels’ Survival Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

The study is about the strategies to help the hotel industries survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since this pandemic never happens before, the hotel industries are not ready to face such challenges in the business. Since the COVID-19 first outbreak, many businesses were affected and experienced a dramatic drop in the sales and revenue which no exception for hotel industry. For that reason, a study regarding the strategy or plan on how to make the hotel industries survive and avoid shutting down was conducted to help the business which had reached a dead end. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the hotels’ strategies to survive during COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the secondary data method was used to obtain data from recent studies by other researchers from academic journals, articles, and websites from the trusted sources. There are three strategies that was often applied by hotels in other countries which are cutting cost, becoming a quarantine hotel, and having pricing strategy. These strategies had shown a positive result and suitable to be applied by the hotels during COVID-19. The findings of this study can help the top management of the hotels to find the solutions on how to generate revenue and to sustain longer in the industry. Plus, hoteliers also can come out with a new polished strategy in the future and help them winning the battle against COVID-19.
 Keywords: COVID-19, Hospitality Industry, Hotel industry, Strategies

Hybrid recommendation based on graph embedding

In recent years, online reservation systems of country hotel have become increasingly popular in rural areas. How to accurately recommend the houses of country hotel to the users is an urgent problem to be solved. Aiming at the problem of cold start and data sparseness in recommendation, a Hybrid Recommendation method based on Graph Embedding (HRGE) is proposed. First, three types of network are built, including user-user network based on user tag, house-house network based on house tag, and user-user network based on user behavior. Then, by using the method of graph embedding, three types of network are respectively embedded into low-dimensional vectors to obtain the characterization vectors of nodes. Finally, these characterization vectors are used to make a hybrid recommendation. The datasets in this paper are derived from the Country Hotel Reservation System in Guizhou Province. The experimental results show that, compared with traditional recommendation algorithms, the comprehensive evaluation index (F1) of the HRGE is improved by 20% and the Mean Average Precision (MAP) is increased by 11%.

The impact of Bitcoin Electronic Trust Factors on Hotel Transactions as a Mechanism for Digital Transformation in Egypt

Today, world is dominated by a comprehensive technological revolution that extended to all walks of life and greatly affected different lifestyles, economic, social, cultural and others ...., and contributed to creating a set of new phenomena such as: e-commerce and electronic payment methods, such as electronic money of various kinds, and resulted from this development is emergence of new means of financing trade exchange based on use of electronic means of payment through global information network the Internet and with cooperation and facilitation of commercial banks, international financial organizations and networks. And with CheapAir.com accepting Bitcoin to book flights, as well as book hotels in many countries of world and deal with them in some restaurants and cafes. Here, researchers present a study of impact of electronic confidence factors on hotel transactions in virtual currency (Bitcoin), as well as studying challenges of using virtual currency in hotel transactions. To achieve this goal, a survey questionnaire was designed and distributed to collect data, and number of surveys valid for analysis reached 264, and data were analyzed based on SPSS program, The results of statistical analysis found that there is a significant effect of electronic confidence factors on hotel transactions with Bitcoin, and this means that results came with study model and that necessarily means customer's feeling that facility he deals with provides confidence factors during various transactions.

Why do hotels find reducing their carbon footprint difficult?

PurposeThe term “carbon footprint” emerged during the early 2000s, but many hotels remain unaware of what they should do to implement a comprehensive programme to reduce carbon footprint despite having some environmental measures. This study aims to investigate the barriers to reducing hotel carbon footprint and to explore why many hotel managers remain bystanders.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with hotel executives to understand what hinders hotels’ implementation of comprehensive programmes to reduce their carbon footprint. The NVivo 11 software package was used to organise data and code the transcribed interviews to identify patterns and themes.FindingsThe findings identified several main barriers. They were (1) a lack of understanding, (2) a lack of owner initiative, (3) difficulty with measurements, (4) a lack of stakeholder coordination and support, (5) a lack of a strong mediator, (6) balancing interests and (7) risky investment. The findings of this study suggest some specific strategies for overcoming these barriers.Research limitations/implicationsThe study sample was restricted to the Hong Kong hotel executives interviewed; therefore, the findings will not reflect the full picture of managerial perceptions. Drawing on the foundations laid by this study, researchers could collect quantitative data from hotels in other countries to conduct a cross-cultural study.Originality/valueVery few studies have investigated barriers to carbon-footprint reduction programmes. Specifically, none have been published in the hotel environmental management literature. This study represents a preliminary step towards understanding the barriers that prevent hotels from implementing the programmes.

Assessing Hotel Employee Knowledge on Risk Factors and Risk Management Procedures for Microbial Contamination of Hotel Water Distribution Systems.

Water management plans (WMPs), sometimes referred to as risk management plans (RMPs) or water safety plans (WSPs), are not mandatory for hotels in many countries of the world, including the US. As such, many hotel personnel are uninformed of WMPs and the precautions to take if their hotel water system is compromised. The purpose of this study was to identify hotel personnel’s knowledge and practices of WMPs through a survey incorporating the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data were collected from 59 hotels within Fulton County, Georgia, USA, through a questionnaire, and questions were developed tailored to the HBM. Significant associations were found between the perceived susceptibility of contracting a waterborne illness and WMP for hotel personnel as well as between cues to action and having a WMP in general linear models (p ≤ 0.05). The study concludes that many key personnel are not aware of WMPs. Many hotel facilities do not have a plan in place, and some facilities are unaware of a current plan is in place. The study findings provide insight into the importance of WMPs and the risk factors associated with microbial contamination in a hotel building’s plumbing system. Future research and potential law change should be emphasized to increase hotel employees’ and owner’s WMP knowledge.

Use numbers not words! Communicating hotels' cleaning programs for COVID-19 from the brand perspective.

After hotels in many countries were forced to close in government-imposed lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an inherent need to communicate how they deal with the coronavirus to motivate guests to visit. However, lack of knowledge about how to persuasively communicate about hotels’ cleaning programs for COVID-19 can challenge the industry’s survival. We investigated how hotels that position their brand as a particular personality (sincere vs. exciting) could benefit from different communication styles (inclusion of numerical vs. verbal quantifiers) when presenting their COVID-19 cleaning procedures. Study 1 explored tourists’ central attitudinal responses toward hotels’ cleaning programs. Study 2 demonstrated that sincere hotel brands would benefit from using numerical and verbal quantifiers to communicate their cleaning policies, whereas exciting hotel brands would benefit only from numerical quantifiers. Our results invite hotel managers to use their brand personality positioning to influence tourists’ attitudes and intentions in a pandemic context.

ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИНТЕРНЕТ-ОТЗЫВОВ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ РУССКОГО И АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)

The article presents an analysis of English and Russian-language Internet reviews of hotels in different countries and cities. The main purpose of the study is to identify the specific features of reviews in two languages in order to formulate clear criteria for automatic determining the tone of the text. On the basis of the existing works of linguists in this field, the author has identified the main directions of research on various issues related to the specifics of Internet reviews. Among others, gender and language specificity of reviews were noted, regardless of comparing their characteristics in two unrelated languages. The research undertaken focuses on the basic means of expressing positive, negative, or neutral tones in two languages, which is an interdisciplinary problem that combines work on the issues of selecting tone criteria for automatic text processing, as well as linguistic problems of language specificity of reviews, allowing to identify the main parameters for automatic tone detection on the basis of the most frequent specific features. The main results of the study are specific distinguishing features of English- and Russian-language reviews, the general and the particular in their characteristics. The most active means involved in the formation of a review are the frequent use of genre-specific lexemes, especially with positive or negative emotional and expressive coloring, combining words in a sentence, the role of negation, grammatical forms of verbs, the use of quantitative adverbs, adjectives in the superlative degree, etc.

Los hoteles de campo y el transporte de lana en la conformación del espacio rural del NO del Territorio Nacional de Santa Cruz (1880-1950)

El presente trabajo brinda un panorama acerca de los hoteles de campo y el transporte de la lana en la conformación del espacio rural del NO del Territorio Nacional de Santa Cruz (TNSC) entre los años 1880-1950. El análisis de la historia de los Hoteles “Riera”, “Las Horquetas”, “Olnie” y ”Bajo Caracoles” -antiguos boliches de la región- resulta revelador de un mundo rural dinámico, con una intensa vida social, en una región que hasta ahora había sido caracterizada por la historiografía como un espacio despoblado y marginal a los grandes centros de actividad económica del TNSC.