Education Systems In Countries Research Articles

Predicting Academic Self-handicapping Based on Students' Academic Engagement and Spiritual Intelligence

Background: The purpose of this research was to investigate the prediction of academic self-handicapping based on the level of academic enthusiasm and spiritual intelligence of students. Methods: The descriptive research method is correlation type. The research sample included 151 students of Tabriz city in the academic year of 2020-2021 and it was carried out by available sampling method. Data were collected through the Jones & Rodwalt (1982) Academic Self-handicapping Questionnaire (ASQ), Fredericks, Blue Manfield, & Paris (2004) Academic Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) and Badie et al (2010) Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (SIQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and step-by-step regression. Results: The findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the behavioral dimension of academic enthusiasm (behavioral, emotional, cognitive) and spiritual intelligence (general thinking and belief) with academic self-disability among students. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study indicate that academic self-handicapping behaviors of graduates are not beneficial for the country's education system and strategies should be provided in this field. Practical Implications: The results of the present study can be useful for the cultural planners, education and educational institutions of the country, in order to develop the level of academic enthusiasm and spiritual intelligence of students, so that they can avoid the occurrence and occurrence of the traumatic event of self-helpless behaviors. To hinder the educational system among the students who are an influential pole in the scientific and industrial progress of the country.

Who Can Participate, Where, and How? Connections between Language-in-Education and Social Justice in Policies of Refugee Inclusion

Abstract Amidst growing displacement, global policy is increasingly oriented towards the inclusion of refugees in national education systems in countries of exile. This shift is understood to enable improved education for refugees as well as post-school opportunities but also means that refugee young people must often contend with education in unfamiliar languages. This article engages the definition of social justice as ‘parity of participation’ to examine the relationship between economic, political, and cultural participation and language in refugee education. Analysing 76 semi-structured interviews with Sudanese and South Sudanese refugee heads-of-households living in Uganda, national Ugandan teachers working in schools attended by refugee and national children, and policymakers and program leaders intervening in refugee education, this article considers tensions between education policies premised on English for economic opportunity and the kinds of political, cultural, and economic participation refugees seek in the present and for the future.

INOVASI KONSEP PEMBELAJARAN BLENDED LEARNING PADA SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA

Covid-19 has spread to every country in the world, including Indonesia. Many areas of Indonesian life have experienced obstacles since the entry of the Corona virus, also known as Covid-19, in this country, especially the education system. In Indonesia, a developing country, the pandemic continues to be a challenge for the country's education system. This is the main reason why many places in Indonesia are experiencing economic, educational or technical problems. The various zones are now depicted by government signage using colors and symbols to distinguish them from one another. These locations include the red zone, orange zone, yellow zone, and green zone. Students are still using distance learning (PJJ) in an effort to stop the spread of Covid-19, as indicated by the red and orange zones. The yellow and green zones indicate that students are allowed to do face-to-face learning in schools, but are not required. The purpose of this article is to explain how to use a blended learning approach during a pandemic to increase student interest in learning. Blended learning is learning that combines various types of learning methods. Online, offline, and self-study approaches are all included in blended learning. Some places, such as the yellow zone and the green zone, find it difficult to get a decent signal. This strategy can also be used in economically troubled areas. During the Covid-19 pandemic, this study sought to determine whether or not the blended learning approach was successful in increasing student interest in learning. This study uses a qualitative descriptive technique based on a literature study or literature review

Innovation capacity, food system development, and the size of the agricultural research system

IntroductionThis article contributes to a better understanding of the context in which agricultural R&D investment takes place in low- and middle-income countries, and how innovation capacity, the development of the food system, and the size of the research system affect R&D investment.MethodsA three-step methodology is proposed where the first step consists of creating an index of the development of a food system using indicators of the technological transformation of the food supply chain and the changes in diets on the demand side. The second step involves developing a measure of innovation capacity at the country level, while the final step consists of systematic comparisons of countries with large and small agricultural research systems to find the relationship between the size of a country's research system, the level of development of its food system, and its overall capacity to innovate.ResultsThe results reveal that there is a high and positive correlation between innovation capacity and the development of the food system and a negative correlation between these two indicators and the size of the agricultural research system in low- and middle-income countries. The lower overall quality and level of development of the education and scientific research systems in countries with small agricultural research systems are important factors contributing to reduced innovation capacity. In addition, countries with small agricultural research systems are challenged with a comparatively poor innovation environment, poor market development, a weak private sector, a lack of competition in domestic markets, and a largely rural population with poor links to markets.DiscussionThe results of the analysis stress the need to increase the efficiency and productivity of agricultural research by implementing policies that get the most out of available resources while minimizing the negative effect of small-scale research operations. Increased coordination and integration of agricultural research at the regional and global level can help avoid duplication, enhance the efficiency of small-scale organizations, and make research more cost-effective and impactful.

ОЛИЙ ТАЪЛИМ ТИЗИМИДА РАҚОБАТБАРДОШ КАДРЛАР ТАЙЁРЛАШНИНГ ЖАҲОН ТАЖРИБАСИ

The article presents an analysis of the structure of the higher education system of such developed countries as Germany, Japan, South Korea and the United States of America. The features of the management of higher educational institutions by the Ministry and local self-government bodies are described. Positive trends have been identified, such 0as the policy of developed countries in the field of higher education and the government's protection of the interests of higher education institutions. The measures taken by developed countries to solve the problems that have arisen in the field of higher education are analyzed. The directions of strategic planning and coordination of the activities of higher educational institutions for the purpose of reasonable and effective use of available funds are investigated. The issues of improving relations between the state and higher education institutions in the areas of higher education reforms are described. Scientific conclusions and practical recommendations related to the training of competitive personnel in the higher education system are given

Understanding the 2021 eSwatini school protests: theoretical reflections of an educator

ABSTRACT During September and October 2021, eSwatini experienced school demonstrations unprecedented in the country's history. Drawing on a socio-emotional development framework and frustration-aggression theory, the article presents an educator's theoretically informed reflections on these events. It explores the possibility that the demonstrations are not simply a reflection of the prevalent political riots presently sweeping the country. Rather, they further expose the fundamental deficiencies in the country's political and education system. Utilising personal observations, contemporary news reports and an extensive literature review, the article explores the possibility that the violence seen in schools can be both a communicative strategy and an expression of negative emotions arising from both direct and indirect educational consequences of the pandemic, and further driven by the prevailing political system and the government's failure to meet students' needs. Building on this, the article suggests strategies that educators and policymakers could employ to address students' socio-emotional needs, thereby averting future emotional eruptions and violent behaviours.

Adaptation For Islamic Animation Storytelling: The Rhetorical Approach of Al-Mau’izah Al-Hasanah in Tafseer Al-Azhar

Al-Mau’izah Al-Hasanah is among the three Islamic Da’wah Methods that uses rhetorical strategies in da’wah dissemination. The method is based on Surah An-Nahl verse 125 in the Qur’an. As the verses of the Qur’an uses an Arabic text, Muslim need to use Tafseer as a guideline to enhance their understanding and knowledge of Islamic teaching. This is because not all Muslims are specialists in the Arabic language, despite being able to read the Quran in Arabic. Tafseer Al-Azhar is an interpretation of Qur'anic verses written by Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Hamka) during his prison sentence. Hamka is an Indonesian philosopher who is also actively involved in teaching Islam through his country's educational system. The Al-Azhar exegesis book is notable for its use of rhetoric to explain the meaning of Qur'anic verses for Muslims' comprehension of the Arabic text of the Qur'an. The purpose of this research is to examine the rhetorical strategy employed in Hamka's Tafseer Al-Azhar. By referencing the exegesis content of Fatihah verses in Tafseer Al-Azhar, this study focuses solely on the rhetorical method of Al-Mau'izah Al-Hasanah. This study employed the qualitative method by analyzing the content of books and journals related to Tafseer Al-Azhar. The rhetorical material in Tafseer Al-Azhar is distinctive in that Hamka used rhyme and aesthetics language to convey the narrative of its interpretation. It is interesting to mention that Islamic Animation Storytelling of Qur'anic verses could be derived from the rhetorical substance provided in the Tafseer Al-Azhar.

The online learning challenges of EFL students at San Pedro University during the COVID-19 pandemic

The spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia has impacted the country's educational system. Face-to-face instruction is being replaced by full-fledged online learning from the comfort of one's own home. This study was conducted to determine the challenges of online learning for EFL students. A qualitative method was applied in this study. The data for this study was gathered through interviews and documentation. EFL students from the English education department at Universitas San Pedro in the first semester were the focus of this study. The findings of this study revealed that students faced a variety of challenges while learning online, including Internet data, Internet connection, difficulty completing assignments, intrusion, a lack of prior experience with technology, comprehension of EFL lessons, and interaction between students and lecturers. On the other hand, students have reported feelings of dissatisfaction and unhappiness as a result of their online learning. Keywords: COVID-19, EFL, online learning, students

Sorotan Literatur Bersistematik: Cabaran Penggunaan Teknologi untuk Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Matematik dalam Kalangan Pelajar dan Guru

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of digital teaching has been used to replace existing teaching. Digital teaching, which uses an online learning medium is one of the uses of technology in teaching and learning (PdP). The implementation of digital tutoring was used at that time so that students could learn as usual. Various mediums such as Whatsapp applications, Telegram applications, social media applications (Facebook) and Google Classroom have been introduced to implement this. Therefore, the use of this medium has indirectly replaced face-to-face learning to a form of digital teaching. However, there are various challenges that teachers must face in its implementation, because it was a new norm in the country's Education system at that time. The challenges that teachers will face in implementing the process of teaching Mathematics by using online learning methods will be identified in this study. This study focuses on three main challenges in applying mathematics teaching and learning using the online medium, namely technology readiness, teacher readiness and student readiness. A total of 261 articles have gone through 4 stages in the PRISMA model, namely identification, screening, qualification and inclusion. Only thirty-one online PdP implementation studies for Mathematics subjects between the publication years 2018-2022 taken from Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar are used as a reference for this study. Findings show that the challenges faced by both students and teachers are the level of technological readiness from the aspect of internet accessibility and the convenience of devices such as computers, the readiness of teachers and the readiness of students from the aspect of their knowledge and attitude in implementing mathematics teaching using the PdP medium online.

Incorporating Students’ Native Languages in the Study Syllabus as a Foundation for Learning the New Language

This research work has been conducted to develop an understanding of the importance of introducing native languages within the education system. The main objective of this research is to develop an understanding of how to build a strong foundation for children. In the introduction, the importance of native language was discussed, followed by the background. In this section, the education system of Jordan has been discussed along with the education systems of other countries. In the literature review, factors that play an important role in developing the children's foundation have been discussed. In addition, Krashen’s monitor model has also been analyzed in this research work. In the research methodology section, discussions have been conducted on the different research tools that have been used for conducting this research work. Secondary data collection methods have been used in conducting thematic analysis. Finally, the conclusion of this research work has been discussed, along with certain recommendations that can be implemented in the education system to improve the students' career growth.

Systemic change: Developing an organizational strategy to increase faculty and staff diversity in California Community Colleges

AbstractHistorically underserved and minoritized students are more likely to thrive when they are supported and led by diverse faculty and staff. In 2019, leaders of the country's largest higher education system, California Community Colleges, recognized wide gaps in representation: 52% of 2.1 million students identified as underrepresented minorities, compared to only 23% of tenured faculty and 22% of adjunct faculty. Similarly, only 41% of staff who interacted daily with students were from an underrepresented group. Addressing this barrier to student success was critical for the system to achieve its ambitious Vision for Success goals. This case study explores how the Success Center for California Community Colleges collaborated with the Chancellor's Office, faculty representatives, and other partners to develop a system‐wide organizational strategy to hire and support a workforce as diverse as the students they serve.

INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT AND ITS IMPACT ON EDUCATION

Violent conflict represents one of the greatest development challenges facing the international community. If we look beyond the immediate human suffering in these cases, we find that international armed conflict is one of the underlying causes of poverty, inequality and economic stagnation. Children and education systems are often the targets of violent conflict. It is necessary to liberate all the energies and capabilities of education in order to become a force for peace, therefore the Preamble to the Constitution of UNESCO declares that “since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed.” (UNESCO,2011) There are no more immune bulwarks than public behaviours and attitudes based on tolerance, mutual respect and a commitment to dialogue, which must be developed and refined every day in classrooms around the world. If schools are used in another way, i.e., as a tool for the development of a spirit of intolerance, chauvinism and disrespect for others, this not only leads to ignorance but also paves the way for violence. Official and non-official stakeholders involved in the United Nations system should take an active role in rebuilding education systems in conflict-affected countries, drawing on work in the areas of intercultural dialogue in order to spread peace, curriculum development, teacher preparation and textbook reform, passed Many years since the establishment of the United Nations, the nature of the challenges posed by the militants has changed and the methodology of conflicts has changed, but the principles, values and institutions on which the regime is based have not changed, though the United Nations has retained its credibility and remained in force as always. In his article, the author refers to the necessity of education in building societies, drawing on examples from the history of nations to inform the public of the need to support educational institutions by states, governments and even at the level of individuals and civil society activists because of their profound impact on the sustainability, goodness and prosperity of societies. It has presented some legal texts that have been enacted to protect education at all levels and the rights of learners in times of armed conflict and insecurity.

Higher Education Exports Before and After Covid

Historically, the higher education system in countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Developing (OECD), a grouping of advanced economies, and especially in the United States, has been a magnet for foreign students, both graduate and undergraduates. Graduate students tend to be supported by teaching and research assistantships from the hosting university and do not generate direct revenues for the hosting institution. They do contribute to the economy with their productivity in research projects and with their private consumption. In contrast, most undergraduate foreign students pay fees and tuition which are often higher than those paid by local domestic students. The difference between out-of-state and in-state tuition and fees captures the “price” differential between local domestic students and their foreign counterparts. The latter undergraduate group generates foreign exchange revenues for the country in which the hosting institutions are located. These revenues constitute export revenues although the export is “consumed” in the hosting countries, unlike corn exports consumed at destination in the importing market. Foreign students in OECD countries come predominantly from Asian countries. This discussion abstracts from interstate trade which occurs when a university student from a given state studies in another state. Here, we only consider foreign buyers of U.S. education services.

Impact of “expanding powers and strengthening counties” reform on basic public education services: Empirical evidence from Sichuan, China

The quality of a country's education system is both an indicator of its present level of development and a predictor of future economic advancement. This study intended to explore the impact of the “expanding power and strengthening counties” reform on the supply of basic public education resources. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to analyze the panel data of 114 counties in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2017, including 78 counties with expanded powers. The study found that the “expanded power strong counties (EPSC)" had a significant positive impact on the supply level of funding resources measured by per capita public education expenditure. The time effect of the EPSC on the supply of teacher resources for county public education was manifested as a sharp increase in the supply level in the three years before the reform. The supply level tended to be stable after four years of reform. The economic resources supply level was relatively stable in the first three years and rose sharply after four years. There was a downward trend after the reform for 8 years. The structural effect has shown a more significant incentive effect on the supply of public education resources to strong and weak counties. But compared with the weak counties with lower economic development levels, the strong counties with higher economic development levels have a more noticeable effect of their decentralization reform on improving the supply level of public education resources.

Challenges of the Ethiopian education system from 1908 to 1990s. A historical analysis

The primary objective of this research is to investigate the obstacles that Ethiopia's education system encountered from 1908, when modern education was started in Ethiopia, to the 1990s. The research was conducted using qualitative method. The researchers employed document analysis tools to collect relevant data. This study examined policy documents, Syllabi, teaching materials, workshop proceedings, reports, letters, agendas, books, and journals. The data have been organized and analyzed in accordance with the study's objectives. The results of data analysis revealed that Ethiopia's education system has faced many challenges since its inception, including the influence of Western philosophy, shortage of skilled manpower, lack of quality textbooks preparation, problems related with the language of instruction, spatial coverage of education, lack of consistency in the implementation of educational reforms, scarcity of budget, failure of integration of Ethiopian indigenous knowledge into modern education system. From 1908 through the 1990s, Ethiopia's education system was influenced by other countries education systems, and it did not reflect the true Ethiopian culture, social, and economic realities. The Ethiopian education curricula was based on the ideology and educational systems of foreign countries like that of France (1908–1935), Italy (1936–1941), the United Kingdom (1942–1952), America (1952–1974), and communist countries (1974–1991), rather than Ethiopian reality.

ИННОВАЦИИ В СИСТЕМЕ ПРОФОРИЕНТАЦИОННОЙ РАБОТЫ В ОБЩЕМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ

In modern conditions, education and training systems in various countries are faced with challenges that determine the demand for reliable information about changes in the labor market and future prospects for those who are faced with choosing their professional path. In Russia, close attention is paid to the professional guidance of the younger generation. A new round of activity to build a system of career guidance work occurred in connection with the Address of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin to the Federal Assembly on February 21, 2023. During the Soviet period, the career guidance system met the objectives of the state in relation to personality formation and the needs of the economy. Managed at various levels of executive power. The inclusion of interested participants was assumed: students, parents, representatives of production, teachers and school administration. Considerable attention was paid to organizing interaction between participants and creating an appropriate subject-spatial environment and methodological support. Foreign practice of career guidance work is distinguished by the desire to take into account the individual needs of students, recognition of the significant role of specialists competent in the field of vocational guidance and counseling. International research distinguishes the uniqueness of career guidance practice in different countries and the demand for its services at any stage of life. In the Russian general education system, vocational guidance is defined simultaneously as a personal request of the child and his family and a global task for the country. A unified model of vocational guidance has been built, which ensures that students master the minimum vocational guidance. Formats for implementing a unified model, types of activities and materials, forms of career guidance activities allow career guidance work to be carried out at a level that meets the needs and interests of modern schoolchildren. The role of the pedagogical worker as a teacher-navigator who provides pedagogical support to students in the process of vocational guidance is defined. A unified model of professional guidance is implemented in parallel through the digital platform bvbinfo.ru.

A Study on the Experiences of Higher Education Good Governance in European and North America Countries; Some Lessons Gained for Higher Education in Iran

Higher education, in order to achieve its strategic goals in society, requires governance understanding in a sustainable trend so that it can correctly define and outline its mission and step towards it firmly. Research knowledge and experiences of the advanced countries in this field may certainly contain some considerable and –sometimes - valuable lessons gained in policies for higher education systems in other countries, especially for Iranian higher education system suffering from some ineffective traditional procedures and avoiding up-to-date governance methods. In this article, by applying the research method of document analysis and using the purposeful sampling method, the identification and qualitative analysis of good governance experiences in higher education of three selected countries - including Germany, England and Canada - has been addressed in the four measures of quality affairs, academic independence and financial management. Data gatherings were done by searching contents of universities’ websites, published articles, essays, reports, governmental and academic manuscripts. Data was qualitatively analyzed at two levels of open and axial coding. From the study and analysis of the experiences of good governance in higher education of selected countries, in the dimension of quality measures, including evaluation and quality assurance in the context of agreed frameworks, multiple use of the evaluation system, validation and quality assurance, transparency and accountability, and improvement were identified as the logic of evaluation and quality assurance of higher education. Systematic synergetic management and planning, and network management based on scientific reference were experiences that were represented in the dimension of university management and planning. Morover, in the financial planning measures, experiences such as contingency budgeting based on scientific indicators, and diversity of support in providing financial resources were identified. In the end, the article, by enumerating the findings obtained from its research in the experiences of the governance of the selected countries, has recommended to all the policy makers and officials of the country's higher education to study and review them as lessons that can be learned for awareness and to create a well-considered platform in order to use them effectively, in the framework of appropriate and updated action plans in the field of governance of higher education.

A Study on the Role of School Administrators in Teaching Practice Process in Poland and Türkiye

Changes in the quality and content of education are among the most discussed topics in the world. These changes depend on the content and quality of changes in teacher education. In recent years, it has associated the insufficiency of education systems of many countries with teacher education and has been carrying out continuous reform studies in this regard. As a result, it is seen that there are many different programs in teacher training and teaching practices in the world. During the teaching practice, school administrators have important responsibilities. The purpose of this research is to examination of education policies and programs for teaching practice activities in the teacher training system in Poland and to compare the education of school administrators in Türkiye and Poland. The case study method used in this research and training policies for teaching practice activities examined in Türkiye and Poland.

Reproduction of Human Potential in Modern Conditions of Education System Functioning

The article discusses various aspects of the reproduction of human potential by the modern education system in Russia and other countries. The author presents a theoretical overview of the positions of researchers writing about human potential, its formation and development, and the influence of the organization of the educational process on it. The author analyses the volumes of current and recent education financing in different countries, trends related to the financing of higher education, and the number of students. The importance of the development of lifelong education for human potential and the features of its financing are considered.

ЛОГИКО-ФОРМИРУЮЩИЕ ЗАДАЧИ В РАЗВИТИИ ЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ У АБИТУРИЕНТОВ-ИНОСТРАНЦЕВ ИТ-ПРОФИЛЯ

The article introduces the definition logical competence of the context of future IT professionals. The difference between existing approaches to the definition of logical competence and logical competences is considered. The importance of logical competence as a main competence on the formation and development of the professional competence of future IT specialists is presented. Difficulties in the process of formation and development of logical competence and ways to solve them are described. An overview of various educational systems of the world aimed at the formation of the logical competence of applicants for IT areas is presented. Also, the difficulties arising in the development of logical competence among foreign applicants of future IT specialists in Russian universities are considered. Despite the seemingly obvious problem of insufficient knowledge of the Russian language for learning, the main difficulty is the difference in programs and methods of learning in different countries. If the Russian educational system in the training of future IT specialists attaches great importance to the fundamental serious mathematical base, then even the best IT education systems in various countries focus on the applied part of disciplines. As you know, in the development of any kind of competencies, the foundation, the basic subjects on the basis of which the competencies are formed, is of paramount importance. The article describes tasks that form and develop the logical competence of applicants for future IT specialists. The proposed definition of logical competence, as well as the ways of its formation and development among applicants for IT areas, can be extended to other technical areas with appropriate refinement and recommended for work with applicants or undergraduate students.