Country's Budget Research Articles

ALCOHOLIC POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE IN THE 1920S IN THE PEASANTS' ASSESSMENTS

The relevance of the study is due to the complex dynamics of alcohol consumption in Russia in recent decades, the traditionally high attention of society and the authorities to the issues of sobriety and drunkenness of the population of the country. The article is devoted to the analysis of how the policy of the Soviet government in the sphere of production and distribution of alcoholic beverages was refracted in the consciousness of the largest social group of the 1920s - the peasantry. The study provides assessments by the villagers of the peculiarities of state policy in this direction – the fight against moonshine, the establishment of a state monopoly on the sale of alcohol. Methodologically, the study is based on comparative historical and hermeneutic approaches. Among the sources involved are letters from peasants to authorities at various levels and the editorial offices of periodicals ("Peasant Newspaper"), as well as characteristics of the situation in the village from the Soviet state security agencies. The materials are quite subjective. Taken together, the documents make it possible to identify some general trends in the moods of rural inhabitants. For the most part, the peasants were skeptical of both the efforts of the authorities to combat domestic distilling and the establishment of a state wine monopoly. So, the authors of the reviews saw in the new course of drinking policy only the pursuit of fiscal interests by the administration. The article also concludes that there is no direct influence of public opinion on the vector of state alcohol policy, the specific features of which were determined by representatives of the Soviet government in accordance with plans for the implementation of the "Big Leap" in the 1930s, which required stable replenishment of the country's budget with monetary funds, including through the sale of state-owned alcoholic beverages to the population.

Healthcare in Indonesia

Indonesia is a large state of Southeast Asia, located on several thousand volcanic islands. In terms of population (277 million people), Indonesia ranks 4th in the world, after China, India and the United States. Most of the population (about 58%) lives on the island of Java, despite the fact that its area is only 7% of the total area of the state, which makes this island the most densely populated in the world. The population of Indonesia is very multinational; the bulk are Javanese, about 4% are Malays and the same number are Chinese. The average life expectancy is 71 years: 68 for men and 74 for women, while the average age of Indonesians is 29 years. The main medical problem of Indonesians is the high prevalence of infectious diseases - typhoid fever, hepatitis A, dengue fever, malaria. This is largely due to climatic conditions and poor water quality - only about 80% of the population has access to drinking water, and the main method of disinfection is sunlight irradiation. The coronavirus pandemic has claimed the lives of 144,000 Indonesians, bringing the country's fatality rate to 3.4%. The maximum number of infections occurred in the summer of 2021, when up to 44,000 new cases were registered in the country per day. Compared to European countries, Indonesia is under-vaccinated with only 44.3% of the population completing the full course of vaccination and being able to receive two doses. Despite the fact that one of the significant sources of filling the country's budget is tourism revenue, as of the beginning of 2022, the country remains closed to tourists.

Fethiye’nin Tüketici Temelli Marka Denkliğinin Ölçümü: Yerli ve Yabancı Turistler Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz

Due to the direct economic contributions of the tourism sector to the country budget, the most important premise of branding of destinations and creating preferable destination brands by creating the intention of re-visiting tourists is to create brand equity in touristic destinations. In this study, it was aimed to determine the elements that make up Fethiye's consumer-based brand equity and to determine the role of brand satisfaction in the effect of these elements on the destination brand preference. According to the findings obtained from 1168 tourists participating in the study, it has been determined that the destination brand equity perceptions of tourists visiting Fethiye differ between local and foreign tourists, and brand satisfaction has a moderator role in the effect of destination brand equivalence on brand preference. The research results are expected to guide the destination branding decisions of tourism stakeholders in Fethiye and contribute to future studies in Fethiye in the field of destination marketing.

To Identify the Challenges of Fiscal Policy for Construction Industry in Pakistan

The entire influence of a country's budget outcome on economic activity is referred to as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy has its own share of benefits & challenges in particular groups. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the benefits & challenges of Fiscal Policy for Construction industry. A detailed literature review has been conducted to identify the possible benefits and key challenges to better fiscal policy. In later stage, a set of questionnaire was prepared using the identified factors. The data was collected from construction industry professionals with experience on fiscal policy management. The data was analysed by aggregated average mean using SPSS. The factor ranks were made on the higher values of aggregated mean value. The study concludes that the main hurdles to better fiscal policy are import/export restrictions, delays in land/plot permits/licenses, and currency fluctuations, as well as government subsidies on construction materials. Similarly, the top benefits for better fiscal policy in the construction industry include meaningful salaries/wages and employment for daily wage earners. The study recommended that, Policymakers must be urged to adopt suitable fiscal policies that address these challenges in order to evolve and improve the construction sector.

СУЩНОСТЬ НАЛОГА КАК ВАЖНЕЙШЕЙ КАТЕГОРИИ НАЛОГОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

The tax is the most important economic category that forms the basis of the tax system and the formation of the revenue side of the country's budget. In any socio-economic formation, taxes play a decisive role in the development of society, despite the changing forms of tax exemptions and their smooth flow from natural to value. At each stage of the development of society, the evolution of the forms of tax exemptions corresponds to the manifestation of the action of three philosophical categories: chaos — uncertainty — order. Since it is difficult to predict the nature of the development of society, it is necessary to be prepared for the fact that at some point the tax system is in chaos, it is replaced by some uncertainty that predetermines the emergence of order. Based on the definition of the concept of tax, presented in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, its main structural elements are highlighted, using which the tax model is built. The model can be filled with additional and optional elements. The integration of these three groups of structural elements of the tax will make it possible to present its characteristics in the most complete way. The tax is not only the most important category of the tax system, but also a working category, which is emphasized by the manifestation of the action of its functions — fiscal, regulatory, stimulating, reproductive, control. The relationship of the selected functions is presented on the example of the use of the most important tax instrument — tax benefits. The tax should be considered as a living organism seeking self-development. Obviously, in the future, the forms of tax exemptions will be improved, and the tax itself and its model will have a more dynamic look.

Formation and implementation of the country’s budget under conditions of the global COVID-19 pandemic

Relevance of research topic. The global COVID-19 pandemic is forcing government regulators to adjust the priorities of the state budget and tax system. Under such conditions, it is particularly important to ensure the effectiveness of the system of formation and implementation of the country's budget which allows to create conditions for expanding fiscal space. Formulation of the problem. Restrictive measures in the fight against the global COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects the fiscal policy of the state. Taxpayers need support from the state which in turn affects the structure of revenue and expenditure budgets at all levels. To increase the level of socio-economic development of the country and territorial communities it is necessary to ensure balanced fiscal regulation. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of formation and implementation of the country's budget is widely reflected in the works of foreign and domestic scholars: J. Keynes, A. Laffer, R. Musgrave, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, W. Tanzi, I. Adamenko, Y. Zhalilo, L. Lysiak, I. Lukianenko, V. Makohon, M. Pasichnyi, Yu. Radionov, I. Chuhunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The growing fiscal risks caused by the destabilizing impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic require strengthening the soundness of the process of formation and implementation of the country's budget. Problem setting, research goals. The main objectives of the study are: to show the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the country's budget in the global COVID-19 pandemic; to substantiate the main directions of improving the system of formation and implementation of the country's budget under modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to assess the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the country's budget in the global COVID-19 pandemic. Research methodology. The article uses a set of methods and approaches: systemic and structural approach, statistical analysis, structuring, comparative approach, factorial approach, etc. Results of work. The essence and role of the fiscal system under the conditions of social and economic instability are revealed. The peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the national budget in the global COVID-19 pandemic are shown. The comparative analysis and assessment of the main budget and tax indicators in the countries with developed and transformational economies is carried out. The main directions of improving the system of formation and implementation of the country's budget under conditions of the global COVID-19 pandemic at all levels of the budget system are substantiated. Area of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the formation and implementation of fiscal policy under modern conditions. Conclusions. The crisis provoked by the global COVID-19 pandemic is negatively affecting the fiscal policy of the state, and therefore public authorities must take prudent and reasonable measures of discretionary fiscal policy, including during the formation and implementation of the state budget. Significant fiscal support measures taken by the government to combat COVID-19 are designed to support taxpayers by reducing tax pressures and increasing state social assistance, which is important to ensure economic growth and employment. Health policy, unemployment benefits, government support for corporate liquidity, remittances and wage subsidies increase the expenditure side of the budget. On the other hand, the difficult macroeconomic conditions caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic create and maintain significant budgetary risks while ensuring the proper level of revenue execution of budgets at all levels.

Predictive Analytics-Based Cybersecurity Framework for Cloud Infrastructure

The most valuable asset for any organization and individual is data and the information it holds. This is the main reason for Information Security to be the top concern in boardrooms and executive meetings. Security failures and data breaches now can impact an organization or a country's budget economy. To reduce Cybersecurity risks and improve data protection, there is an urgent need to implement a standard Framework for Cybersecurity. This framework utilizes AI and ML by including Policies, Guidelines, Standards and Practices, and data sources from Cloud Infrastructure systems like networks, servers, security systems, and end-user devices. Combining the data set gathered and risk governance information with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. This research presents a framework that collects datasets, enriches and validates logs and datasets, then correlates them to analyze and predict the response to Cyber attack with high level of accuracy using ML model.

TAXES – ACCORDING TO FAIRNESS, UTILITY OR SOLVENCY

In the article - "Taxes - in terms of fairness, utility or solvency?" – it is discussed about the tax regime used in Georgia, which, despite many changes, has not become a stimulus for business development yet. The author notes that neither the preferential taxation of micro and small enterprises nor the Estonian model of taxation has caused a "Boom" of business prosperity in Georgia. According to the author of the article, Georgia should immediately implement a progressive regime of taxation, ie taxation according to the solvency of the taxpayer. It will be fair and beneficial to the country's budget. Keywords: taxes; Justice; Usefulness; Solvency.

The Impact of Lithuanian Financial Crisis for National Economy: Comparative Study

Emphasizing sustainable economic development preconditions in Lithuania and in order to research the formation of regional policy, the article was made on Lithuania financial crisis impact on the economy, comparative study. It was found that in the literature lacks of general method to compare the different financial crises that have occurred in different regions, countries or at different intervals impact to economic indicators, so was created financial crisis impact on countries economy index, to compare this diferent impact. The study identified three financial crisis which negatively affected Lithuanian economy – “Lithunia banking crisis” (1995), “Russian financial crisis” (1998) and “Global Financial Crisis” (2008). Based on this new index calculations, the financial crisis affect was compared and found that the greatest negative impact on the economy caused the Global financial crisis (2008). Examining the specifics of Lithuania’s economy noted that all of the financial crisis affected the gross domestic product growth, labor market and the country budget balance. Meanwhile, the impact on other macroeconomic indicators of the crisis depended on the crises specifics and was different.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE FISCAL POLICY OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF A DIGITAL ECONOMY

IMPROVEMENT OF THE FISCAL POLICY OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE FORMATION OF A DIGITAL ECONOMY

State budget of Ukraine-2023: features of the regulation of financial and economic processes in the conditions of full-scale war

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the formation of the country's state budget as a tool for the implementation of social and economic policy, outlines its role in the life of society and individuals. In addition, a detailed analysis is devoted to the structural components of the budget: sources of the revenue part of the budget, which includes tax and non-tax revenues, official transfers, trust funds, income from capital operations and other revenues; peculiarities of the distribution of the expenditure part through researching the main trends of directing state funds. The correlation between the role, functions and tasks of the state budget of Ukraine regarding the practical implementation of the best experience of economically stable countries of the world regarding the use of modern budgeting technologies is comprehensively characterized. The specifics of budget policy implementation in the crisis period are considered, taking into account the specifics of the current legislation of Ukraine. As a result, the place of the state budget in the financial system of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale war in terms of ensuring the priority sectors of the economy was revealed. On the basis of the proposed main financial plan of the country for 2023, through the application of economic and statistical methods, deduction, synthesis and analysis, the analysis and systematization of key macro- and microeconomic indicators was carried out in order to clarify the modern laws, trends and processes of the country's socio-economic development in the conditions of war state. The particular attention is paid to financing defense and social spheres in 2023, the features of social security of the population and the state debt. The article highlights in detail the existing problems and potential threats in the budget system of Ukraine in 2023 and suggests ways to solve them in accordance with the conditions of a country at war.

ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ СПРОЩЕНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ У ПРОГРАМНОМУ ПРОДУКТІ BAS

Introduction. The introduction of a single tax rate of 2% under martial law conditions led to the emergence of new requirements for the software's ability to reflect the above changes introduced by the Tax Code of Ukraine. Today, the use of software products by business entities for the purpose of displaying accrued taxes and fees in the accounting system outlines new horizons in terms of their capabilities. Transforming the capabilities of software products to meet today's changing requirements aims to automate those areas of accounting that primarily relate to the payment and calculation of relevant national and local taxes and fees. Such a software product can be «BAS Accounting» (hereinafter – BAS) from the developer of Business automation software. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to provide practical recommendations for displaying the simplified taxation system in the BAS software product. Results. As a result of the conducted research, we can come to the conclusion that we considered the procedure for displaying the simplified taxation system in the BAS software product, namely, the payer of the single tax of the third group (2%). The above-mentioned software product enables business entities to adapt the proper display of single tax calculations in the accounting system, and therefore can be recommended for use by all single tax payers, both individuals and legal entities. Discussion. In further scientific research, it is suggested to focus attention on the debate on the abolition of the simplified taxation system, and especially on the third group of single tax payers, who are taxed at the rate of 2%, because such a taxation system significantly reduces income to the state budget in the form of income tax, as well as income tax added value, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the country's state budget deficit.

ПОДАТКОВІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ФІНАНСОВОГО ПІДТРИМКИ МАЛОГО БІЗНЕСУ В РОСІЇ

This article is devoted to the study of the topic of tax levers for regulating the activities of small businesses in Russia. Tax aspects of business are included in the scope of financial support from the state for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. The aim of the study is to analyze the tax instruments through which the state provides financial support to small businesses. The subject of the research is the measures of state financial support for small businesses in terms of taxation. In the course of the research, such methods were applied as: comparative, statistical, descriptive, analysis and synthesis. Research hypothesis. Identification of the optimal tax instruments for financial support of small business will allow the subjects of this sphere of the economy to function effectively without causing a conflict of interest between entrepreneurship and the state in paying taxes to the budget. Presentation of the main material. Small business entities in the Russian Federation have the right to state support in the form of financial, property, information, and consulting assistance. Financial assistance, as the most significant, consists in the provision of government subsidies, preferential types of loans, tax holidays, special tax regimes, simplified accounting procedures, etc. Tax instruments of financial support are of key importance for business entities, as they allow regulating the tax burden depending on the types of activities, the scale of the organization, the amount of income and many other factors. For Russian business entities, there are 5 taxation regimes, of which one is general and four special (preferential), tax holidays for small businesses and tax incentives for types of taxes. Originality and practical significance of the research. A comparative analysis of special tax regimes showed that the profitability of a particular tax regime is determined by the goals of the business, the scale and scope of activity. Conclusions and prospects for further use. The use of special tax regimes helps to optimize tax payments, and tax incentives reduce the tax burden of business entities. However, in the current conditions of the spread of the pandemic, increased attention from the state to small businesses is required in order to regulate the possible loss of profitability due to the introduction of restrictive measures, and, as a result, a decrease in the population's ability to pay, which, in turn, will negatively affect the replenishment of the country's budget with tax payments.

PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE TOOLS OF TAX AND CUSTOMS REGULATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Purpose of the study. The article examines the problems of using the instruments of tax and customs regulation in the modern period of development of Russian foreign trade. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of this development, as well as to substantiate the directions and measures that provide a way out of the current situation. Of all the factors influencing the development of foreign trade, at present, the main ones are the nature of political relations between states and the multilevel implementation of the achievements of scientific and technological progress. Modern sanctions against Russia show a high level of correlation between these factors. In particular, the imposition of a ban on the supply of equipment used in the mining industry to Russia will inevitably in the future lead to the deterioration of existing equipment and to a reduction in the volume of raw materials production. If we imagine the degree of dependence of Russian exports on the supply of raw materials, then it is quite probable that the share of products produced in Russia on the foreign market will decrease, and hence the revenues to the revenues of the country's budget. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion about the confirmation of the hypothesis about the positive impact on the development of foreign trade of the introduction of new technologies into the activities of industrial enterprises. Meanwhile, the development of Russia's foreign trade is currently under threat in connection with the functioning of domestic enterprises in conditions of the risk of impact on their activities of economic sanctions. A separate danger for Russian exporters and importers is the supply of counterfeit goods both to the domestic market of Russia and to the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Features of the methodology for assessing budget efficiency investment pro-jects

The analysis of current regulations shows that only a few indicators (budgetary effect) are used to assess the budget efficiency of investment projects in Ukraine, and the decision on financing is not made from it. As a result, it is necessary to raise the issue of introducing an additional system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects, which characterize the return on investment of budget funds. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop proposals for improving the methodology for assessing the budget effectiveness of investment projects. The main indicator for assessing the effectiveness of projects that provide state or regional financial support is the budgetary effect. Budget effect is the main indicator of budget efficiency used to justify the decision to finance the project, which is often defined as the difference between inflows and outflows of budget funds, taking into account discounting. The paper proposes to introduce additional indicators to assess the budget efficiency of the investment project, in addition to the payback period of state support. Absolute budget effect. which will be calculated in the form of two indicators: taking into account and without taking into account loans to banks under government guarantees. This calculation is justified, as the budget effect may be understated by including bank loans in the definition of this indicator, while the state budget may not incur costs under its guarantee obligations. Absolute budgetary effect, which characterizes the total amount of funds that the country's budget will receive as a result of the project. Relative budget effect, which characterizes the ratio of budget investments to the investment project and additional revenues to the budget. Budget profitability – shows how many monetary units the project implementation brings per unit of budget funds spent. Due to the fact that this indicator is based on the indicator of the absolute budgetary effect, the calculation of this indicator will be calculated taking into account and without taking into account bank loans issued under government guarantees. The authors have developed some modifications to the calculations for assessing the budget efficiency of investment projects, as well as the calculation of indicators of budget efficiency of projects that characterize the return on investment: absolute budget effect, relative budget effect (indirect and direct), budget profitability.

Developing Society Integrity and Cultural Code by Means of Social and Cultural Activity as Factor of Ensuring National Security

Trends of developing relations in today’s society, spread of digital technologies and restrictions in movement during the last year showed a rising diffusion of society, split of opinions and weakening of the cultural code of the Russian population. The article studies sources of these changes and searches for solutions based on means of social and cultural activity. It is well known that cultural code is formed for decades and it is the social and cultural sphere that can concentrate this process and direct it to strengthening of national self-identification, rise in the rate of patriotism, education and wellbeing of the population. The process of shaping the civil society in the post-soviet period is based on pursuing cultural policy financed at the expense of the country budget, in contrast to western countries. This aspect makes us think about the necessity to change means and methods of social and cultural activity with due regard to processes of society digitalization. At the same time cultural policy acts as a significant section of the system of national security, as a way of shaping civil society, keeping cultural values and traditions. The research showed that non-linear interaction of such tensors, as sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, national security, digitalization, technologization of society can seriously affect the processes of diffusion of society integrity, destruction of its cultural code and sovereignty of state as it is. Preserving the cultural code as a foundation of national culture and overcoming problems of society diffusion are possible in case the state participation in reforming approaches to pursuing cultural policy is extended. A separate aspect is developing the HR potential of cultural institutions of the future oriented to advanced technologies, continuous learning the achievements of psychology as a science, which can create patriotic feelings in society promoting values of cultural inheritance as a foundation of national identification.

A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF FACTORS PUSHING GDP OF MALAYSIA: A RESEARCH ON SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Introduction: From time immemorial, the policy emphasis has always been on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) since it is the measure of wellbeing. Every country's budget is intended to move the economy in the right direction by promoting economic development.
 Objective: The study is performed to analyse the long-term impact of select economic indicators from available literature review on economic growth of Malaysia.
 Methodology: For meeting the research objective a panel data is famed through data collection from official website of world bank. After collecting data of selected indicators, research tools namely- mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and regression are applied.
 Value: The study will lead to an understanding of which important element affects GDP and allows the policymakers to focus their attention on factors relevant to the goal of raising GDP.

Global return on investment and cost-effectiveness of WHO's HEAR interventions for hearing loss: a modelling study

SummaryBackgroundTo address the growing prevalence of hearing loss, WHO has identified a compendium of key evidence-based ear and hearing care interventions to be included within countries’ universal health coverage packages. To assess the cost-effectiveness of these interventions and their budgetary effect for countries, we aimed to analyse the investment required to scale up services from baseline to recommended levels, and the return to society for every US$1 invested in the compendium.MethodsWe did a modelling study using the proposed set of WHO interventions (summarised under the acronym HEAR: hearing screening and intervention for newborn babies and infants, pre-school and school-age children, older adults, and adults at higher risk of hearing loss; ear disease prevention and management; access to technologies such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, or hearing assistive technologies; and rehabilitation service provision), which span the life course and include screening and management of hearing loss and related ear diseases, costs and benefits for the national population cohorts of 172 countries. The return on investment was analysed for the period between 2020 and 2030 using three scenarios: a business-as-usual scenario, a progress scenario with a scale-up to 50% of recommended coverage, and an ambitious scenario with scale-up to 90% of recommended coverage. Using data for hearing loss burden from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, a transition model with three states (general population, diagnosed, and those who have died) was developed to model the national populations in countries. For the return-on-investment analysis, the monetary value of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted in addition to productivity gains were compared against the investment required in each scenario.FindingsScaling up ear and hearing care interventions to 90% requires an overall global investment of US$238·8 billion over 10 years. Over a 10-year period, this investment promises substantial health gains with more than 130 million DALYs averted. These gains translate to a monetary value of more than US$1·3 trillion. In addition, investment in hearing care will result in productivity benefits of more than US$2 trillion at the global level by 2030. Together, these benefits correspond to a return of nearly US$15 for every US$1 invested.InterpretationThis is the first-ever global investment case for integrating ear and hearing care interventions in countries’ universal health coverage services. The findings show the economic benefits of investing in this compendium and provide the basis for facilitating the increase of country's health budget for strengthening ear and hearing care services.FundingNone.

Oil and gas complex of Russia:fiscal instruments and taxation system

The largest shares of the formation of the country's budget are tax revenues from the oil and gas complex of the national economy, obviously the huge impact of this complex of management on the "health" of the economy as a whole. The creation of an optimal tax system that ensures stable forecasting of oil and gas revenues, rational control and constant replenishment of the budget in the face of the most complex global economic shocks, the volatility of world markets, and a raging pandemic is becoming a priority task of the Government of the Russian Federation. The development of deposits, the parallel decline in hydrocarbon production and the decline in the production of subsequent products require a detailed analysis of the current state of taxation in the hydrocarbon segment of the economy of the Russian Federation. Perhaps closer attention to the problems of taxation of such an important complex as the oil and gas complex for the Russian economy will help solve the problems not only of the functioning of the complex, but also of the economy of the state as a whole. The oil and gas complex, being a powerful source of benefits, could become a necessary basis for the formation of an economy that does not focus on the banal sale of the extracted raw product. Tax reforms of the subjects of the oil and gas complex could become an example for further reforms needed in our time in all sectors (complexes, segments, industries) of the national economy.

DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCIPLES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEM OF MOTIVATION AND INCENTIVES FOR PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITALITY ENTERPRISES

The tourism industry in Ukraine is currently actively developing. This industry meets the tourist needs of the population and is one of the important factors in the receipt of funds in the country's budget and employment. The main component of the tourism industry is the hotel industry. According to statistics, the cost of hotel services is from 30% to 50% of all tourist costs. The national market of the hotel industry of Ukraine includes international hotel chains. The analysis of the development of the hotel industry of Ukraine shows that the competitiveness of domestic hotel enterprises with European and Asian enterprises is not at the proper level. This requires increasing the efficiency of their economic activities. Therefore, to ensure efficiency, the task of the national hotel chain is to increase the competitiveness of hospitality enterprises. One of the ways to solve this problem is personnel management, including through the introduction of staff motivation. According to statistics, only 5% of staff always work in the hotel business with high efficiency. Other people need constant supervision, regular monitoring of tasks. Based on this, the hospitality companies had a small number of employees who aim at high efficiency of the entire enterprise. This is an important issue. Currently, hospitality companies use two types of motivation: - material motivation; - intangible motivation. The methods of material motivation include material rewards: - at full load of the enterprise, - at overfulfillment of the plan of sale of hotel services, - in the form of the annual premium, etc. Types of material motivation do not exclude punishment of staff, such as fines. The types of intangible motivation currently used in hospitality enterprises include: - organization of corporate holidays, - congratulations to employees on anniversaries, - introduction of additional days off, etc. Such types of motivation are used, for example, in the network of HELIOPARK Hotels & Resorts, Holiday Inn. This problem can be solved by organizing certain methods of motivation into a single system. Such a system must be adaptive.