Countercurrent Flow Research Articles

Two-Phase Flow Through the PTL of PEM Water Electrolyzer: MRI Experiments and Numerical Modeling Using Phase-Field Theory

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a promising technology for large industrial-scale hydrogen production, but it faces limitations due to mass transport and electrical transfer issues in the anode Porous Transport Layer (PTL). The optimal porosity and pore size of the PTL contributes to efficient water, gas, and electron transport. In this work, the water/gas counter-current flow through the PTL was studied by both experiment and modeling. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is utilized to quantify water content within the porous layer during the two-phase flow for different gas and water inlet flow rates. The dependence of the saturation profile and bubble formation on the gas/water flow rates, water channel's orientation, flow direction is studied. To better understand the two-phase flow characteristics in the PTL, the phase-field model based on the Cahn-Hilliard theory for describing a diffuse interface is used to model the water and gas transport over 2D porous layer.

The Effect of The L/G Ratio on SO2 Removal Efficiency in Seawater Absorption Columns

Steam Turbine Power Plants are widely known as one of the primary sources of electricity generation, utilizing coal combustion. However, this process leads to the emission of air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is considered harmful. To mitigate this issue, Seawater Flue Gas Desulfurization (SWFGD) has been implemented as a control device to reduce the concentration of SO2. Previous studies on SWFGD have mainly focused on operational factors such as gas flow rate and liquid flow rate using artificial seawater as the absorbent. However, there is a lack of research on utilizing natural seawater, particularly from Indonesia, as the absorbent. Hence, this study aims to determine the efficiency of SO2 removal using Indonesia's natural seawater and investigate the influence of varying the L/G (liquid-to-gas) ratio on the overall removal efficiency. The study employed a packed tower reactor with a counter-current flow configuration. The gas concentration of SO2 used in this study is 1500 ppm, which is adjusted to match the existing conditions in the Steam Turbine Power Plant. The variations in seawater flow rate range from 150 to 250 liters/hour, while the variations in gas flow rate range from 1 to 10 m3/hour at 30oC. So, the L/G ratio value is within the range of 20.9 to 104.5. The results indicated that an increase in the L/G ratio corresponded to an increase in the total removal efficiency. The highest achieved efficiency reached 98.5%, while the lowest efficiency recorded was 84%.

Syngas production from NH3 and CO2 through chemical looping ammonia cracking - reverse water gas shift

Ammonia (NH3) offers benefits over molecular hydrogen as an energy vector because it can be liquefied, transported, and stored more easily using the existing infrastructure. NH3 can react with CO2 to produce syngas (H2 +CO) as a feedstock for circular chemical production. In the conventional process design, this involves: 1) cracking of NH3 to N2 and H2, 2) subsequent product gas separation, and 3) CO production through the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Herein, a novel approach referred to as “NH3-RWGS” is presented, which integrates these three steps into a two-reactor process utilizing the chemical-looping principle. In the first reactor, NH3 is cracked over a catalytically active bed material, and H2 reacts further with the metal oxide bed material, producing H2O and N2 as gaseous products and reduced metal oxide/metal. This reduced metal oxide is then moved to the second reactor, where it reacts with CO2 or a mixture of CO2 and H2O, forming CO and H2 as the desired product gas and the re-oxidized metal oxide, which is returned to the first reactor. This process can be favorably implemented in two gas–solid countercurrent flow moving beds. Herein, the underlying design principles are developed, and the maximum achievable gas conversion with an iron-based bed material is established. The feasibility of the underlying chemistry was demonstrated using a supported Fe/MgAl2O4 bed material that exhibited fast kinetics and cyclic stability for the relevant reactions.

Optimized Apparatus Design for Continuous Aqueous Two-Phase Flotation (ATPF)

Aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF) is an integrative downstream method for separating and concentrating biomolecules from crude biosuspensions such as fermentation broth. Its continuous operation not only increases throughput, but also makes it recommended for continuous upstreams. In this work, an optimized apparatus design in the form of a horizontal flotation tank is presented. The geometry of the new apparatus for continuous ATPF is optimized using flow simulations so that the two aqueous phases can be pumped uniformly through the flotation tank in co-current or counter-current flow. The implementation of a conductivity measurement enables to characterize the phase mixing effect induced by the rising gas bubbles introduced through three different gassing units. ATPF experiments with the model enzyme phospholipase A2 show that there are favorable combinations of gas flow rates to increase the flotation rate and reduce the back-diffusion at the outlet of the apparatus. This allows high phase exchange rates up to 2/h and hence increases the amount of enzymes that can be recovered per time. Co-current operation of continuous ATPF increased separation efficiency about 14% up to E = 74% compared to counter-current operation.

A discussion of internal flow characteristics and performance of super long gravity heat pipes for deep geothermal energy extraction

Super long gravity heat pipe (SLGHP) provides a novel way for harvesting thermal energy from a deep geothermal reservoir. Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of this innovative technique, most studies have focused on the overall performance of the heat extraction system, whereas detailed investigations into the internal flow characteristics remains ambiguous. This hampers the application and further advancement of SLGHPs. In this study, a preliminary analysis of the internal flow resistance characteristics is carried out using of the homogeneous model for two SLGHPs, a regular one and a modified one with an inner coaxial pipe. It indicates that the regular SLGHP has higher flow resistance under the same thermal condition of the reservoir. Specifically, the regular SLGHP experiences approximately 1.75 times larger flow resistance than the modified SLGHP (average temperature of the evaporation section and condenser is 95.6 °C and 55 °C, respectively, with water as the working fluid). While on the other hand, the heat transfer capability of the modified SLGHP was improved 29.73%∼77.77% at various condensation temperature compared with the regular SLGHP. The dominant factor contributing to pressure drop in the regular SLGHP is the frictional loss resulting from the counter-current flow of rising vapor and falling liquid film. Conversely, the SLGHP with a coaxial pipe effectively separates the vapor and condensate flows, reducing frictional resistance and improving heat transfer performance. It is speculated that explosive nucleate pool boiling may occur in the liquid pool at the bottom of the SLGHP, enhancing heat transfer from the liquid bulk to the upward-flowing vapor.

An Integrated Model Combining Mass Transfer and Chemical Reaction for Co-Decontamination Extraction Step of PUREX Process in a Pulsed Extraction Column

ABSTRACT The accurate prediction of the extraction behaviors of various solutes in PUREX reprocessing process is crucial for the operation and implementation of the actual process. In this paper, an integrated model is developed to predict the extraction behaviors of U, Np, Pu, and HNO3 in the co-decontamination step (1A extraction step) in a pulsed extraction column. The model couples several physical and chemical processes, such as countercurrent flow, mass transfer, and chemical reaction. The mass transfer coefficients and the distribution ratios of U(VI), Pu(IV), Np(IV), Np(V), Np(VI), HNO3 and HNO2 can be obtained using this model. In particular, the redox and disproportion reactions of Np are considered in the model, and the flow direction of Np can be judged under various process conditions and the corresponding influential factors can be analyzed. The judgment is based on the yield calculated from the relative concentration profiles of Np(VI), Np(V), and Np(IV) in the two phases. For neptunium to inter 1AP step, it is necessary to select high nitric acid concentration, low nitrite concentration and especially high flow ratio. For neptunium to inter 1AW step, low nitric acid concentration, high nitrite concentration and low flow ratio are needed. Compared with the experimental data, the relative errors of the distribution ratios of various solutes are less than 30%, and the relative errors of the concentrations of U(VI) and Pu(IV) at the outlet of the organic phase are less than 10%, and our model is indicated to be reliable and applicable for co-decontamination step in the PUREX reprocessing process.

Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer and flow of water-based graphene oxide nanofluid in a double pipe heat exchanger using different artificial neural network models

In this study, a water-based graphene oxide nanofluid was utilized in a counter-current flow double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE). The inner pipe carried the hot fluid (deionized water-based fluid). In the outer pipe, the cold fluid was flown, in which the experiments were performed once for deionized water-based fluid and once for graphene oxide nanofluid. These experiments were conducted at various inlet hot fluid temperatures of 35, 45, and 55 °C, volumetric concentrations of 0.01, 0.055, and 0.1% for nanofluid, and cold fluid flow rates of 14.4, 18.9, and 23.4 ml/s to evaluate the thermohydraulics of the DPHE. The results demonstrated that an increase in the flow rate and concentration of nanoparticles led to an improvement in the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) . It is also observed that inlet hot fluid temperature had a negligible effect on this coefficient compared to the concentration and flow rate. Additionally, the results showed that the friction factor and pressure drop of nanofluid were higher than those of the basefluid and their values were increased by increasing the concentration. The maximum increase compared to the basefluid was 72% for the friction factor and 111%, for the pressure drop. Besides, radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) models were designed for estimating the HTC. Both models accurately predicted the coefficient, but the RBFNN model exhibited higher accuracy than the MLPNN model. The results further indicated that the nanofluid outperformed the basefluid in terms of HTC. Due to the exceptionally high thermal conductivity of graphene nanoparticles, the HTC of the nanofluid was improved by up to 85% compared to the basefluid. The optimum value of HTC was achieved at a temperature of 55 °C, a volume concentration of 0.1%, and a flow rate of 23.4 ml/s.

Assessment of metallic membrane-based counter-current micro-contactor for non-dispersive solvent extraction: Experimental studies and modelling

Non-dispersive solvent extraction (NDSX) in a micro-contactor eliminates the need of phase separator. Thus, NDSX is an approach to achieve intensification of solvent extraction process. The interface between the two phases which flow counter-currently is stabilized by metallic membrane (stainless steel mesh). However, the use of counter-current flow puts hydrodynamic limitations on stability of the interface and hence on the operation of the contactor. In this study, a theoretical model to estimate the maximum stability length and corresponding extraction is reported and validated with the experimental data of nitric acid extraction using 30% (v/v) TBP in dodecane as the solvent. The model is further used to perform parametric analysis to understand the effect of various parameters on maximum stability length and corresponding extraction. The model is also used for assessing feasibility of using metallic membrane-based counter-current micro-contactor for non-dispersive solvent extraction of uranium from nitric acid medium.

Impact of Thickness on Direct Ammonia Decomposition in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Numerical and Experimental Research

The growing share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy mix and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions are driving widespread technological progress. One of the main areas is the development of hydrogen technologies, as manifested, for example, in the emerging hydrogen strategies of countries around the world. However, the widespread use of H2 is limited by the high energy input required for storage. This makes ammonia a promising carbon-free hydrogen carrier. Its application is being considered, e.g. in power systems for deep-sea transportation. Ammonia can be used like a fuel in energy systems, but often requires proper processing or decomposition into hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of a catalyst. These activities increase financial or technological inputs which can complicate energy systems and reduce their efficiency or energy density. Power plants based on solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the ability to process NH3 as fuel whether in external or internal cracking mode. However due to the nickel-based anode and operating temperatures above 600°C, SOFCs can directly use NH3 as a fuel - direct-ammonia SOFCs (DA-SOFCs). Lowering the operating temperature of the cells and reducing their thickness brings with it a wider opportunity for SOFC-based systems e.g. decrease energy density, and reduction of used materials. An additional advantage of direct ammonia conversion in SOFC cells is the endothermic nature of the reaction, allowing for a reduction in the amount of cooling air supplied to the system. In this study, the performance of cells with different anode thickness was compared under similar operating conditions for direct ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The experimental results were reproduced in the open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, Open Fuel Cell, in which the source term responsible for internal cracking was introduced. Then calculations were made to determine the distribution of ammonia and temperature in the functional part. It was determined that in the case of counter-current flow of fuel and oxidizer, thinner cells show a smaller temperature gradient. Lowering the operating temperature and cell thickness does not lead to incomplete conversion of ammonia in the cell. Post-mortem analysis of the cells used in the experiment showed no negative effect of ammonia on the functional layers of the cells.

Performance of an air-cooled membrane based microchannel desorber-condenser working with LiBr-water

Absorption Refrigeration Systems can help to mitigate the environmental effect of the increasing energy demand in buildings. However, the size and the need of a cooling tower slow down their development. In the present study, a compact air-cooled desorber-condenser working with the LiBr-H2O solution is experimentally tested. The desorber is a stainless-steel plate provided with mini-channels. On one side water flows to heat the solution circulating in counter current flow through the other side of the plate. The vapour generated from the solution permeates through a flat membrane and directly enters the cavity of an air-cooled finned condenser. The membrane is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane with a pore diameter of 45 μm. The assembly is tested for three different solution flow rates (40, 50 and 60 ml/min), three heating source temperatures (70 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C) and three inlet solution concentrations (43%, 46% and 50%wt). Measured desorption rates range from 3.10−3 to 14.10−3 kg/m2s. Heat and mass transfer in the desorber is characterized and pressure drop along the channels is also provided. Pressure drop along the solution channels varies from 70 to 105 Pa/m. The experimental results compare well with theoretical values calculated using correlations from the literature. The air-cooled condenser is able to condense the generated vapour at a rate ranging from 30 W to 100 W.

Limit Solutions for a Lumped Parameter Model of Heat Transfer in a Diluted and Indirectly Heated Co-Current/Counter-Current Moving Bed Heat Exchanger with Heat Loss to Surroundings

Limit solutions and solutions by analogy play an important role in the interrelation of engineering problems. However, research with this approach is extremely rare in heat transfer in particulate systems. Given this scarcity, a series of limit solutions are developed for a lumped capacity (LP) model of a co/counter-current tubular moving bed heat exchanger (MBHE), vertically arranged, indirectly heated, diluted and with heat losses to the surroundings. In the solution methodology, the problem is formulated by analyzing the model parameters and the eigenvalues of the system operator, and by identifying indeterminate forms (INDs). Then, INDs are usually calculated by algebraic rearrangement and/or L'Hôpital's rule. Among the results, there are almost a dozen new solutions, the systematization of INDs in the counter-current flow and the verification of agreement between experimental data and the LP model for infinitely diluted bed - provided that the simplifying hypotheses are observed. Finally, the interconnection of LP models of MBHE in a decreasing order of complexity and in a historical perspective provides a broad understanding of the evolution of the LP modeling of this important industrial equipment.

An Integrated Modeling Approach for Vertical Gas Migration Along Leaking Wells Using a Compressible Two-Fluid Flow Model

Gas migration behind casings can occur in wells where the annular cement barrier fails to provide adequate zonal isolation. A direct consequence of gas migration is annular pressure build-up at wellhead, referred to as sustained casing pressure (SCP). Current mathematical models for analyzing SCP normally assume gas migration along the cemented interval to be single-phase steady-state Darcy flow in the absence of gravity and use a drift-flux model for two-phase transport through the mud column above the cement. By design, such models do not account for the possible simultaneous flow of gas and liquid along the annulus cement or the impact of liquid saturation within the cemented intervals on the surface pressure build-up. We introduce a general compressible two-fluid model which is solved over the entire well using a newly developed numerical scheme. The model is first validated against field observations and used for a parametric study. Next, detailed studies are performed, and the results demonstrate that the surface pressure build-up depends on the location of cement intervals with low permeability, and the significance of two-phase co-current or counter-current flow of liquid and gas occurs along cement barriers that have an initial liquid saturation. As the magnitude of the frictional pressure gradient associated with counter-current of liquid and gas can be comparable to the relevant hydrostatic pressure gradient, two-phase flow effects can significantly impact the interpretation of the wellhead pressure build-up.

A Microfluidic Countercurrent Reactor for Accelerating Enzymatic Reactions

AbstractEnzymes are important catalysts in biochemical reactions with superior regio, stereo, and substrate selectivity. However, enzymatic reaction systems have drawbacks including product inhibition, difficulty recycling, and poor stability. Importantly, the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction diminishes rapidly due to product inhibition and substrate depletion, making it difficult for many enzymes to catalyze a reaction to completion. The outcome is a mixture of unreacted substrates being present in the final reaction, necessitating additional separation steps that increase costs. This study presents a microfluidic reactor for accelerating enzyme catalyzed reactions using a countercurrent design that continuously removes products and adds fresh substrate into the reaction, allowing enzymes to operate under better reaction conditions. It demonstrates that countercurrent flow accelerates enzymatic reactions in our system up to 36 % for horseradish peroxidase and 21 % for β‐glucosidase compared to cocurrent flow, and the resulting reaction solution contains highly pure product with minimal substrate contamination.

Dry-out characteristics of debris bed under different water injection conditions

A porous debris bed may form through the interaction between melting corium and coolant during a pressurized water reactor severe accident, which continues to emit large amounts of decay heat. The cooling of debris bed is a critical phenomenon and serves as a potential mitigation measure to halt the accident. In this paper, an experimental facility DBC was constructed to study the cooling properties and dry-out heat flux under different water injection conditions and system pressures. The debris bed consisted of stone particles ranging in diameter from 1～10 mm, with a porosity of 0.37. In the debris bed, a total of thirty-three electrical heating elements, twelve optical fibers equipped with 204 temperature sensors, and thirty-three thermocouples were embedded. Additionally, a computer program MIDEC was developed to investigate the vapor-liquid flow characteristics and dry-out mechanism. The experimental results indicated that the cooling of debris bed can be significantly improved by increasing system pressure. Furthermore, it was observed that the dry-out heat flux under bottom water injection conditions was considerably higher compared to that of top water reflooding. Under top reflooding conditions, the counter-current flow of vapor-liquid impeded the downward flow of coolant, resulting in insufficient coolant supply and leading to a dry-out phenomenon at the bottom region. However, under bottom injection conditions, both vapor and liquid flowed in an upward direction. As a result, the void fraction reached its maximum value at the top region of the debris bed. The distinct vapor-liquid flow characteristics under top and bottom injection conditions resulted in notable discrepancies in dry-out heat flux and dry-out positions. Based on the comparison between the calculated dry-out heat flux (DHF) and experimental results, it was observed that the Reed model accurately predicted the cooling of debris bed under top-flooding conditions when compared with measured data obtained from DBC experiments. However, for very small particle sizes, the Lipinski model would be more suitable and provided better predictions.

Experimental research on flow regime and transitional criterion of slug to churn-turbulent and churn-turbulent to annular flow in rectangular channels

As for two-phase flow in rectangular channels, the flow regimes especially like churn-turbulent and annular flow are significant for the physical problem like Countercurrent Flow Limitation (CCFL). In this study, the rectangular channels with cross-sections of 4 × 66 mm, 6 × 66 mm, 8 × 66 mm are adopted to investigate the flow regimes of air-water vertical upward two phase flow under adiabatic condition. The gas and liquid superficial velocities are 0≤jg≤20m/s and 0.25≤jf≤3m/s respectively which covering bubbly to annular flow. The flow regimes are identified by random forest algorithm and the flow regime maps are obtained. As the results, the transitional void fraction from slug to churn turbulent flow fluctuate from 0.47 to 0.58 which is significantly affected by the dimensional size of channel and flow rate. Besides, the void fraction at transitional points from churn-turbulent (slug) to annular flow are 0.66–0.67, which are independent with the gap size. Furthermore, a new criteria of slug to churn-turbulent flow is established in this study. In addition, by introducing the interfacial force model, the criteria of churn-turbulent (slug) flow to annular flow is verified.

Continuous counter-current electrophoretic separation of oleosomes and proteins from oilseeds

Oilseeds, with their high content of oil and protein, will play an important role in the transition to plant based foods. Currently, seed oil extraction involves elevated temperatures and the use of organic solvents, which degrade the quality of both oils and proteins. To take full advantage of the oilseeds, a gentler process is needed. We here propose a mild alkaline extraction followed by a continuous electrophoretic separation process that is based on differences in electrophoretic mobility and recovers intact oleosomes and proteins from the seeds. Rapeseed oleosomes and proteins are both negatively charged at pH ≥ 5, yet exhibit significantly different electrophoretic mobility. Therefore, separation can be achieved by imposing a counter-current hydrodynamic flow rate between their electrophoresis rate. Thus, the compounds with higher mobility, oleosomes, are retained by the electric field, and the compounds with lower mobility, proteins, go along with the flow. The separation was modeled using the Nernst-Planck equation and demonstrated using a PDMS-based microfluidic system. Both the modeling and the experimental studies confirmed that the direction and rate of migration of the compounds can be steered by the electric field strength and the convective flow velocity. The proposed electrophoretic approach is feasible and scaleable, and may be a novel path to separate differently charged components under mild conditions, thereby preserving their original native properties.

The effect of flow modes on the capture of the energy between concentrated brine and seawater by reverse electrodialysis

The discharge of concentrated brine from the desalination unit waste amounts of salinity gradient energy, which could be harvested and converted to electric energy by reverse electrodialysis (RED). However, the poor power and restricted conversion efficiency obstacle its development. A suitable flow mode of feed solutions in a RED stack can improve energy conversion efficiency. Here, the influences of co– and counter-current flow modes on the performances of a single-stage RED stack and multi-stage stacks harvesting the energy are studied in the work. Based on this, the models of flow mode affecting the RED performances are built and experimentally verified. Results show that the counter-current in a single-stage stack is better than the co-current, and the advantage is more obvious with the concentration increase of the concentrated solution, the concentration decrease of the diluted solution, and the decrease of flow rate. Besides feed parameters, the stack sizes also influence the performances of the single-stage stack in both modes. The counter-current in the multi-stage stacks is also more excellent than the co-current. However, the difference decreases with the increase of stage number. This work provides some support for utilizing the salinity gradient energy between concentrated brine and seawater.

Immiscible displacement flows in axially rotating pipes

We experimentally study buoyant immiscible displacement flows in an axially rotating pipe, with varying flow parameters, such as the mean imposed flow velocity, density difference, pipe rotation speed, and pipe inclination angle. Via employing image processing and ultrasound Doppler velocimetry techniques, we analyze key flow features, including displacement regimes, interfacial instabilities, interfacial front velocities, and velocity and concentration fields. We find that immiscible displacement flows are distinguished by the emergence of one or two heavy fluid fronts, particularly depending on the rotation speed. Furthermore, our dimensional analysis reveals that the displacement flow is governed by four dimensionless parameters, including the Reynolds, densimetric Froude (or Archimedes), and Rossby numbers, as well as the pipe inclination angle. Using these dimensionless groups, we succeed in categorizing the main flow regimes as efficient and inefficient displacements. Moreover, we classify the interfacial regimes as stable, intermittently unstable, kinks, and separating interfacial patterns. Our analysis shows that the interfacial instabilities observed are indeed characterized by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Our analysis of the velocity fields suggests remarkable differences between displacements in stationary and rotating pipes, especially in terms of the absence and presence of a countercurrent flow, respectively. Finally, our assessment of concentration fields using a Fourier transform approach provides a preliminary fundamental understanding of the characteristics of concentration waves and their corresponding amplitudes.

How do the fluid dynamics change for gravity-destabilized film flow on structured surfaces? An experimental investigation using light-induced fluorescence

Liquid film flow is the dominant flow regime in distillation and absorption processes within structured packings. Extensive research has been carried out to improve the understanding of the involved fluid dynamics. Up to now, these investigations mainly focused on gravity-stabilized film flow, i.e., the liquid phase flows over a packing in counter-current flow with a gas phase. In contrast, gravity-destabilized film flow is studied much less frequently although this type of flow applies to about half of the cases in a column with structured packings. Here, the liquid runs along the underside of the packing, also in counter-current flow with the gas phase. To close the gap in the experimental data, this contribution investigates the fundamental fluid dynamics of gravity-destabilized liquid film flows on a smooth plate, a 2D wave texture, and a 3D pyramidal texture. Results on critical convective inclination angle, drained liquid mass flow, and liquid film thickness without counter-current gas flow are reported and compared to numerical results from literature. In the experiments, the Reynolds number is varied from 28.4 to 113.5 using a surfactant-modified aqueous system. The 2D structure showed decreased liquid flow stability compared to the smooth surface. However, the 3D structure seems to have a stabilizing effect on the flow.

Motorised System for Loading and Unloading of Press Dies in Press Machine

Abstract: The paper describes the use of a plate heat exchanger in transferring heat between two fluids. It explains that the design of a plate heat exchanger involves multiple heat transfer plates held together by a fixed plate and a loose pressure plate. These plates have a gasket arrangement that creates separate channel systems for the primary and secondary media, allowing for counter-current flow and effective heat transfer. To manufacture the corrugated plates, the text mentions the use of Hydraulic Press Machines with different capacities depending on the plate dimensions. The process involves changing heavy press dies, which is time-consuming and decreases overall plant efficiency. To address this issue, a proposed solution is to semiautomate the loading and unloading of press dies. A mechanical system is designed, comprising a table with rollers and linear motion guideways. The system utilizes a Ball screw mechanism powered by a servo motor and driven by a Worm Gearbox. The orientation of the motor, perpendicular to the line of motion, saves space and provides more working space on the workshop floor. In summary, the proposed solution aims to increase efficiency and safety by implementing a mechanical system for loading and unloading press dies in plate heat exchanger manufacturing, incorporating a Ball screw mechanism, servo motor, and Worm Gearbox.