Counseling Research Articles

ACONSELHAMENTO PARA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

O objetivo foi sintetizar a produção acadêmica sobre a temática do aconselhamento para atividade física na atenção primária à saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed e SciELO, publicada até dezembro de 2018. Foram analisados 22 estudos, dos quais 13 foram observacionais, sete intervenções e dois qualitativos. A prevalência de aconselhamento para usuários variou de 20% a 59,4% entre os estudos e observou-se o perfil de usuários que mais recebem aconselhamento (mulheres, pessoas mais velhas e com diagnóstico de doenças crônicas). Os profissionais mais aconselhadores são: médicos, aqueles fisicamente ativos, que se sentem capazes de aconselhar e que não identificam a falta de tempo como barreira. As intervenções apresentaram efeitos modestos nos níveis de atividade física dos usuários e nas práticas de aconselhamento dos profissionais.

THE ROLE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PROGRAMMES TOWARDS EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE KWABRE EAST DISTRICT OF THE ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA

This study was conducted to investigate the role of guidance and counselling programmes towards effective teaching and learning in Senior High Schools in the Kwabre East Municipality of Ashanti Region of Ghana. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. This study seeks to obtain descriptive and self-reported information from teachers, students and school counselors. The study involved public senior high schools in the Kwabre East Municipality of Ashanti Region of Ghana. A total of 380 participants were selected and used for the study. Questionnaire and interview were the main instrument used for data collection. The researcher used 10 % of the accessible population as the sample size of the study. The questionnaires had open ended and closed-ended items. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS], version 20. The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. (Frequencies and percentage) Data was presented in tables, graphs and charts. Results from the study revealed that majority (54 %) of the students were females while 46 % were males. Most of the students representing (97 %) in the various senior high schools were between the age range of 10-20 years. Appraisal service, counselling service and consultation service were observed to be available as majority of the students agreed to that effect. The results show that majority of the students were not sure that guidance and counselling coordinators provide advice on placement and embark on follow up exercise. It was observed that guidance and counselling coordinators play a major role in prescribing disciplinary actions for students who go contrary to school rules and regulations, given advice on matters relating to students welfare, discipline and morality, counselling students on emotions and behaviour adjustments, provide referral service, assist students in teaching and learning and able to help students develop social skills. The study concludes that the role of guidance and counselling programmes towards effective teaching learning in senior high school is very important in the development of students. Article visualizations:

USPSTF Continues to Recommend Behavioral Counseling for Cardiovascular Risk Factor Modification

Sponsoring Organization: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)BackgroundThe USPSTF has updated its 2014 practice guideline on behavioral

Labor Complicated by Cervical Stenosis Following a Laser Cone Biopsy

A 34-year-old lady, with three previous spontaneous vaginal deliveries, presented in labor at 37 + 0 weeks’ gestation. Following the birth of her third child, she underwent a laser cone biopsy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3. Despite sustained regular contractions and augmentation with Syntocinon, progressive cervical dilatation beyond 1 cm failed to occur in this multiparous lady. A delayed diagnosis of cervical stenosis was made. She eventually underwent a cesarean section where her internal cervical os was found to be thin and fibrotic. This case describes an uncommon occurrence of cervical stenosis presenting in labor and seeks to increase awareness of this condition so as to allow preemptive counselling of similar patients, early recognition in a labor with poor progress and a swift, better-informed decision to deliver via an emergency cesarean section. We review the existing literature on cervical stenosis following cervical conization and analyze the various definitions available. J Med Cases. 2021;12(1):13-15 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3605

Estratégias para redução do estresse ocupacional em trabalhadores da saúde durante a pandemia por COVID-19: uma revisão da literatura

A pandemia provocada pela doença COVID-19, considerada emergência de saúde pública em diversos países, provocou consequências desastrosas à saúde da população. Entre os profissionais e serviços de saúde, esse fato gerou transtornos em diversos aspectos, incluindo situações promotoras de estresse ocupacional. Objetivo: Analisar estratégias para redução do estresse ocupacional em trabalhadores da saúde durante a pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: O estudo baseou-se em revisão da literatura, de natureza qualitativa, durante os meses de agosto a setembro de 2020. Foram utilizados bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais, incluindo a PubMED, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Google Scholar. Resultados: Foi possível um retorno de 460 artigos, sendo que, após a análise e aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 26 estudos puderam seguir na pesquisa. Constatou-se diversidade de fatores potenciais causadores de situações estressantes, como o medo de transmitir infecção à família, adquirir a doença e o fato de não existir tratamento específico, bem como a existência de alternativas para proteção à saúde dos profissionais da saúde. Considerações finais: Foram encontradas estratégias como treinamento e preparação para enfrentamento de quadros preocupantes semelhantes à experiência da pandemia da COVID-19, a criação de ambientes de apoio e serviços de aconselhamento entre os profissionais da saúde, imposição de sanções comunitárias, a disponibilização de ferramentas digitais para meditação e relaxamento, trabalho de respiração, treinamento de mindfulness e terapia comportamental merecem destaque neste cenário crítico.

Counseling outcomes perceived by the client and a qualitative study on the strengths of the personality of counselors and clients

Counseling outcomes perceived by the client and a qualitative study on the strengths of the personality of counselors and clients

Exploration of Integrating Multi-cultural Social Justice Counseling Supervision for Korean Counselors

Exploration of Integrating Multi-cultural Social Justice Counseling Supervision for Korean Counselors

Epidemiological characteristics of 42 cases of COVID-19 in Dazhou, Sichuan

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in Dazhou City, we provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Dazhou City. Methods Statistical analysis of 42 cases of COVID-19 reported in Dazhou were conducted from January to February 2020. Results Cases were reported in 7 counties (cities, districts) of Dazhou City. The population was mainly 30–49 years old, and no confirmed cases of minors were reported. The peak incidence was from January 26 to February 5, 2020. Clinical symptoms were mainly fever (59.52%) and cough (64.29%), and the abnormal rate of lung was 90.48% in early CT examination. 18 of the 19 imported cases had a history of residence or staying in Wuhan. The median number of days from onset to hospitalization, confirmed to discharge, and long duration of viral shedding were 5.5, 18.5 and 7.0 days, inter-quartile range of days were 5.5, 8.0 and 6.0 days, respectively. Conclusion In January, the imported epidemic were the main ones in Dazhou, and in February, local cases kept increasing. Later, the epidemic disease was gradually controlled after the strict control measures were implemented. Fever and cough are used as clinical screening indicators for COVID-19, and CT examination can be used as an early screening method; Shortening the time from onset to hospitalization and ensuring the operation of fever clinics can reduce the spread of the disease; The time of hospitalization and the average time of carrying virus of patients are relatively long. Long-term treatment, psychological counseling and improving patient’s coordination should be prepared during treatment. The aggregated epidemic in Dazhou City is serious, and there is a gap in grass-roots work. In the new cycle, various prevention and control work need to be further implemented so as to prevent local cases caused by foreign imports. 摘要：目的 分析达州市新型冠状病毒肺炎 (新冠肺炎) 病例流行病学特征, 为达州市新冠肺炎防控提供科学依 据。 方法 对 2020 年 1—2 月达州市报告的 42 例新冠肺炎病例资料进行统计分析。 结果 达州市 7 个县 (市、区) 均有 病例报告, 人群以 30~<50 岁为主, 无未成年人确诊病例报告; 发病高峰在 2020 年 1 月 26 日—2 月 5 日, 临床症状以发热 (59.52%) 和咳嗽 (64.29%) 为主, 早期 CT 检查肺部异常率 90.48%; 19 例输入性病例中 18 例有武汉旅居史或停留史; 患 者发病到住院、确诊到出院和持续排毒时间中位数分别为 5.5 d、18.5 d 和 7.0 d, 四分位数间距分别为 5.5 d、8.0 d 和 6.0 d。 结论 达州市 1 月份以输入性疫情为主, 2 月份本地病例不断增加, 2 月下旬疫情逐渐控制; 将发热、咳嗽作为新 冠肺炎临床筛查指征, CT 检查可作为早期筛查手段; 患者住院时间和持续排毒时间较长, 应做好长时间治疗准备及治 疗过程中心理疏导, 提高患者配合度; 达州市聚集性疫情程度较重, 基层工作有差距, 新周期需进一步落实各项防控工 作, 严防因境外输入引发本地病例。

A qualitative study of psychological support needs of family caregivers of hospitalized Lassa fever patients during an outbreak in an endemic state in Nigeria

The study assessed the emotional reactions and perceptions of stigmatization among family caregivers of Lassa fever patients. Six focus group discussions were held among 48 purposively selected and consenting family caregivers in a Lassa fever treatment facility in South-South Nigeria during an outbreak. An interview guide structured to elicit views and perceptions on Lassa fever, reactions to the news of a positive result stigma, sources of emotional and social support was used for data collection. Data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed along thematic areas. Awareness of Lassa fever was high among the participants. Reactions to a positive test result included emotions of panic, denial, anxiety, and fear. Some respondents expressed their unwillingness to disclose a positive test result; some felt Lassa fever was stigmatized in the community and by healthcare workers. Majority turned to religion as a source of emotional support. Family caregivers of Lassa fever patients experienced varied emotional reactions upon receipt of the news of a positive test result. Some caregivers had been stigmatized by health workers or feared stigmatization at community level. Psychosocial support was obtained from religion and emotional support from survivors and isolation ward healthcare workers. Community health education should be sustained to avoid stigmatization of victims. Pre- and post-test counselling, access to relevant information and psychosocial support should be made available family care givers. Key words: Fear, Lassa fever, stigma.

Searching for the Elderly's Inner Perception of Elderly Counseling - Using the CQR-M method-

Searching for the Elderly's Inner Perception of Elderly Counseling - Using the CQR-M method-

Counseling by Human vs. Virtual Advisors for Increasing Physical Activity

Although physical activity has salutary effects on health, many adults remain inactive. In this randomized trial, researchers compared a 12-month,

بررسی روانشناختی عوامل موثر بر استرس ناشی از همه گیری کرونا در کادر درمان و جامعه شهر قزوین، بهار ٩٩

Background and Aim: Since public health measures are the only way to control the spread of COVID-19, strict quarantine measures have done around the world This condition will definitely not be without psychological effects The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the stress caused by COVID-19 in the medical staff and the general population Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by a researcher-made questionnaire on 326 people in Qazvin province, Iran in the spring of 2020 The questionnaire consisted of 40 questions, in 3 sections: demographic information, general and main questions related to COVID-19 stress The questionnaire was made available to the study population in Qazvin through virtual networks Results: Of the 326 participants (117 men and 209 women), 71 were medical staff members and 255 in the general population The mean stress scores of the general population, the medical staff in the corona and non-corona department, were reported 28 7±8 4, 30 1±9 and 27 3±7 8, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the groups (p=0 374) In the medical staff, access to social response systems (p=0 02), considerable weight change (p=0 019) and reluctance to perform daily activities (p=0 001) were among the factors that had a significant relation with stress score For the general population, sex (p=0 001), the presence of a high risk elderly person in the family (p=0 001), having a fatal case due to COVID-19 in the family (p=0 014), exacerbation of the underlying disease (p=0 003), job closure (p=0 007), etc had significant relations with stress score Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, the level of stress in the study population was mild, but the psychological effects of coronavirus epidemics are undeniable Access to psychological counseling systems can be an effective way to improve a person's mental state in quarantine © 2020 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences All rights reserved

RECOGNIZE BOWEN: FAMILY SYSTEMS APPROACH AT THE BASIC LEVEL

Aile kurumunun nitelikleri, sorunları ve ihtiyaçları, içinde bulunduğu toplumun sosyal yapısına göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Aile hayatını sağlıklı kılan temel ilke ve değerler, insanın hayatını da sağlıklı ve anlamlı kılar. Sistem yaklaşımına göre aile bir geçmişi paylaşan, duygusal bağı olan, bireysel aile üyelerinin ve ailenin bütününün ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için stratejiler planlayan bireylerden oluşmuş karmaşık bir yapı olarak tanımlanır. Ailenin sahip olduğu etkileşim örüntüsünü, diğer sistemleri ve alt sistemleri güçlendirmek amacıyla sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında aile danışmalığı konusu önemli bir başlık olarak ele alınmaya başlamıştır. Sonraki yıllarda aile danışmanlığında özellikle Jay Haley, Salvador Minuchin, Virginia Satir, Cari Whitaker, Murray Bowen ve Nathan Ackerman etkili olmuştur. Günümüzde, sosyal hizmet uygulamaları kapsamında aile danışmanlığında kullanılan kuram ve yaklaşımlar çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Aile ile çalışmanın hassasiyeti göz önüne alındığında bu derleme günümüzde yaygın bir kullanım alanı bulan ve güçlü yönleri kanıtlanan “Bowen’ın Aile Sistemleri Yaklaşımını” temel bileşenleri ile hatırlatarak Murray Bowen’ı sosyal hizmet profesyonellerine tanıtma amacı taşımaktadır. Bowen’ın aile danışmanlığına iki önemli katkısı bulunur. İlk katkısı ile Bowen “Aile Grup Danışmanlığını” ilk uygulayan kişi olarak anılacaktır. Diğer katkısı ile Bowen ailenin tarihçesine vurgu yaparak daha çok kuşaklararası konulara bakarken sorunlara şimdiki zamanda müdahale edebilmeyi başaracaktır. Bowen, kendi geçmişindeki olaylardan, özellikle ailesiyle olan zorluklar sebebiyle etkilenmiştir. Bu nedenle, yaklaşımı üzerinde kendi kişisel durumunun büyük etkisi olmuştur.

A espiritualidade como ferramenta no enfrentamento do HIV/AIDS

Objetivo: Analisar a espiritualidade como uma ferramenta terapêutica no convívio com o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida/Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (HIV/AIDS), na qualidade de vida e na saúde mental e emocional das pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS (PVHA). Métodos: Estudo quanti-qualitativo que utilizou como população de estudo 10 usuários regularmente acompanhados pelo Centro de Orientação e Aconselhamento Sorológico/ Centro de Testagem e Acolhimento (COAS/CTA). Estes pacientes foram submetidos a uma entrevista estruturada que visava entender a relação deles com a religiosidade e com a espiritualidade. Resultados: Foi observado que 100% dos entrevistados acreditavam em um ser superior, embora 30% deles não possuíssem nenhuma religião. A espiritualidade pode atuar como um fator negativo ou positivo no enfrentamento da doença, visto que algumas pessoas podem encarar a doença como um castigo divino, enquanto outras veem na religião um amparo para o enfrentamento da sua condição, se sentindo aceitos e amados por um ser superior. Conclusão: Quando a relação com a espiritualidade ocorre de maneira positiva, ela é vista como suporte para a superação da situação crônica de cuidado. Porém, quando a relação é negativa, o paciente tem nesta um fator a mais de culpa e sofrimento.

Working With Non‐Death Losses in Counseling: An Overview of Grief Needs and Approaches

Working With Non‐Death Losses in Counseling: An Overview of Grief Needs and Approaches

Sexual behaviors and factors influencing condom use among men who have sex with men with HIV negative in Chongqing

Objective To explore sexual behaviors and the factors influencing condom use among human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)- negative men who have sex with men(MSM) in Chongqing. Methods A questionnaire survey was used to collect data in Chongqing from 1 June 2018 to 1 June 2019, including demographic and sexual behavioral information. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of persistent use of condoms in MSM. Results Among 282 HIV-negative MSM, 66.7% (188/282) were younger than 28 years old, 90.8% (256/282) received higher education, 81.2% (229/282) have had more than one sexual partner, and 40.1% (113/282) have used a condom for every sexual encounter in the past 6 months. Among the 172 MSM who completed all the questions, 62.8% (108/172) were single, 72.1% (124/172) had sex more than once every month, 79.7% (137/172) were homosexual, 76.7% (132/172) have disclosed their sexual orientation. Univariate analysis of our data showed that the number of sexual partners, the frequency of sexual behavior, drug abuse, and a history of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis are factors influencing the use of condoms. Multivariate analysis of data showed that more than one sexual partner and monthly sexual behavior are independent influencing factors for insistence on using condoms in MSM. Conclusion High-risk sexual behaviors are common in HIV- negative MSM in Chongqing, but the rate of consistent condom use was low. MSM should receive appropriate AIDS intervention services and appropriate counselling regarding consistent condom use. 摘要： 目的 探讨重庆市人类免疫缺陷病毒( human immunodeficiency virus , HIV)阴性男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)性行为特征及安全套使用的影响因素。 方法 通过问卷调查的方式收集 2018 年 6 月 1 日—2019 年 6 月 1 日重庆市 HIV 阴性 MSM 的人口学及性行为特征相关信息，采用单因素和多因素 Logistic 回归分析 MSM 人群坚持 使用安全套的影响因素。 结果 共调查 282 例 HIV 阴性 MSM，其中 66.7%(188/282)年龄≤28 岁，90.8%(256/282)学历为 大专及以上，81.2%(229/282)性伴人数 >1 人，40.1%(113/282)近 6 个月同性肛交性行为时坚持使用安全套；172 例完成 了所有问卷内容的 MSM 中，62.8%(108/172)情感状况为单身，72.1%(124/172)每月都有性行为，79.7%(137/172)为同性 恋，76.7%(132/172)已对外公开性取向。单因素分析结果显示，性伴数量、性行为频率、滥用药物及既往 HIV 暴露后预 防史是坚持使用安全套的影响因素。多因素分析结果显示，性伴数量 >1 人、每月都有性行为是 MSM 坚持使用安全套 的独立危险因素。 结论 重庆市 HIV 阴性 MSM 人群高危性行为较为普遍，但安全套使用情况不容乐观，应针对其性行 为特征进行艾滋病防控知识宣教，采取多种措施提高安全套使用率。

Survey of 104 MSM before drug uptake of HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis in Guangxi

Objective This survey aims to understand AIDS knowledge, behavioral characteristics, awareness of non- occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP), and reasons for using nPEP, the possible impact on behavior change after receiving services among 104 men who have sex with men (MSM) prior to drug uptake of nPEP in 2 cities of Guangxi. Methods Participants were recruited through community advocacy in Nanning and Liuzhou. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted on MSM who agreed to participate in investigation before taking medication of HIV nPEP. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant, and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results AIDS awareness of 104 MSM respondents reached 98.1% (102/104), and 84.6% (88/104) believed that the HIV prevalence was serious among MSM group in the area where they living. In the past six months, no respondents insisted on condom use each time during homosexual activities, and 54.8% (57/104) experienced condoms torn/ slipped or being deliberately pulled out by sexual partners; 64.4% (67/104) had no fixed partners in the last six months. 88.5% (92/104) had heard of nPEP before the survey, univariate analysis indicated that there was statistically significant difference between nPEP awareness and receiving condom promotion/AIDS voluntary counseling & testing as well as peer education in the past year ( P <0.05). 69.2%(72/104) received nPEP since worrying about the probability of HIV infection by the exposure, while 67.3% (72/104) took the service because they did not understand HIV serological status of sexual partners. If received nPEP, only 9.6% (10/104) believed that condom use would decrease, and 15.4% (16/104) thought the number of sexual partners would increase. Conclusion Separation between AIDS knowledge and action among MSM requires a comprehensive prevention and control strategy that emphasizes biomedical approaches and behavioral interventions. The role of networks and Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in nPEP publicity should be highlighted to increase the awareness of nPEP among target population. 摘要： 目的 分析广西南宁市、柳州市 104 名男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)在接受艾滋病非职 业暴露后预防(non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis, nPEP)用药前的相关艾滋病知识掌握情况、行为学特征、 nPEP 知晓度、使用 nPEP 原因及接受服务后对行为改变可能产生的影响等。 方法 在南宁、柳州市通过社区宣传倡导， 现场招募研究对象。对纳入艾滋病非职业暴露后预防并同意在服药前接受调查的 MSM 开展面对面问卷调查。以 P < 0.05 为差异有统计学意义，对资料进行描述性分析。 结果 104 名 MSM 的艾滋病知晓率为 98.1%(102/104)；认为所生 活地区的 MSM 人群中 HIV 流行严重的占 84.6%(88/104)。最近半年同性性行为时能每次使用安全套的 0 人，54.8%(57/ 104)经历过安全套意外破裂、脱落或被性伴故意拔套，64.4%(67/104)最近半年内没有固定性伴。88.5%(92/104)调查 前听说过 nPEP，单因素分析发现，最近一年接受过安全套宣传与发放/艾滋病咨询与检测、最近一年接受过同伴教育对 nPEP 知晓差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。69.2%(72/104)选择 nPEP 因为担心此次暴露会感染 HIV，67.3%(72/104)表示 性伴感染状况未知。若接受 nPEP，仅有 9.6%(10/104)认为安全套使用会减少，15.4%(16/104)认为性伴数会增加。 结论 MSM 存在艾滋病“知信行分离”，需采取生物医学干预技术和行为干预并重的综合性防治策略。重视网络和社 会组织在 nPEP 宣传中的作用，提高人群知晓率。

상담전문가의 자살에 대한 주관적 인식 유형

상담전문가의 자살에 대한 주관적 인식 유형

Severe Aplastic Anemia Presenting as Neutropenic Sepsis

A 40-year-old female with aplastic anemia presented with a gum abscess deteriorating into neutropenic sepsis. Infection is an incredibly rare initial manifestation of aplastic anemia even on a background of significant neutropenia, hence the uniqueness of this case. The patient’s initial complaints were of a subacute history of heavy vaginal bleeding and unexplained bruising, however on examination in the emergency department the patient was also noted to be pyrexial with gingival hyperplasia and a left sided submandibular lymphadenopathy. Initial blood results were phoned through from the lab reporting pancytopenia, confirming clinical suspicion of neutropenic sepsis. Antibiotic therapy was commenced and maxillofacial review for her unrelenting jaw pain revealed a gum abscess ultimately requiring tooth extraction. The patient underwent bone marrow biopsy showing hypocellular marrow with erythroid-dominant, dysplastic hematopoiesis. A thorough panel of investigations to rule out secondary causes led to the diagnosis of aplastic anemia, for which the patient is currently being managed with oral ciclosporin plus eltrombopag-bridging therapy, plus counselling for the potential requirement for stem cell transplant. J Med Cases. 2020;11(11):339-341 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3570

RAPID INCREASE OF INFIDELITY AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN NIGERIA - CAUSES AND EFFECTS: IMPLICATION FOR COUNSELLING

Marriage is a socially sanctioned union typically between one man and one woman usually called husband and wife. Marriage is a uniquely comprehensive union of hearts and minds, but also distinctively a bodily union made possible by sexual complementarities. It is more than physical attraction and biological union; it involves total commitment, self-donation to one another and taking responsibilities that lead to mutual well-being and marital stability. Infidelity among married couples has been responsible for most cases of marital separation and divorce. This study investigated the Rapid Increase of Infidelity among Married Women in Nigeria, and it was interested to find out the possible factors that are responsible; early marriage; imposition of marriage partners; sexual incompatibility; childlessness; uncaring attitude of a partner; hopelessness; depression; revenge; lack of preparation for marriage; and parental disapproval; that if found in family, will definitely drop the happiness of that family. The study also focused more on effects that are associated with infidelity, effects of major conflicts in spouses’ relationship for social, cultural and psychological reasons, effects of extra marital affairs, different impacts on marital satisfaction and mental wellbeing. The study still considered some implication for counselling and recommendations that will help couples having infidelity related issues at homes. Article visualizations: