Enterprise Cost Research Articles

Research on Finance Reducing the Cost of Real Businesses

In the context of financial development tending to be digital and technological, exploring the relationship between fintech and the cost of real enterprises is significant for the high-quality development of real enterprises. Using provincial panel data from 2011-2020, this study empirically investigates the impact, heterogeneity characteristics and transmission mechanism of fintech on the cost of real enterprises using a two-way fixed effects model. This study demonstrates that fintech significantly lowers the cost of real businesses; in terms of different regions, the impact of fintech development on the cost of real enterprises is more significant in eastern regions than in central and western regions; corporate gearing, innovation capacity, financing constraints and financial regulation are the moderating variables of fintech impact on the cost of real firms. Based on this, suggestions are made in this paper related to the high-quality development of fintech, this is an important study to promote the deep integration of fintech and real businesses and to promote high quality development of the real economy.

The impact of carbon information disclosure on the cost of capital: The moderating role of regulatory pressures

Under the carbon peak target and carbon neutrality vision, carbon information disclosure becomes an important signal of corporate sustainability and has a significant impact on the capital costs of enterprises. Based on 588 listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share heavy polluting industries from 2015 to 2019, we explored the lag effect of carbon information disclosure (CID) on the weighted average capital cost (WACC) of enterprises and analyzed the moderating effect of environmental supervision from two aspects: government regulatory pressure and market regulatory pressure. The results show that: (1) CID has a lag effect on WACC, and it shows a significant U-shaped relationship when CID lags two periods. (2) Government regulatory pressure and market regulatory pressure have a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between CID and WACC. In addition, we conducted a series of heterogeneity analyses based on ownership structure and pollution monitoring, and calculated the turning points of the U-shaped relationship for different types of firms. This research provides relevant suggestions for the sustainable development of enterprises and the formulation of regulatory policies by the government.

Evaluation of the Construction of a Data Center-Driven Financial Shared Service Platform From the Remote Multimedia Network Perspective

The financial shared service (FSS) platform under the remote multimedia network perspective is a newly proposed accounting and reporting business management mode in recent years that plays a good role in the operation of enterprises. The multimedia technology in the health cloud biological authentication and data management system can be applied to the construction of the data center-driven FSS platform. This study used multimedia in the data management system to build a data center-driven FSS platform to maintain the normal operation of the enterprise. Moreover, the study analyzed from the perspective of employee satisfaction, work efficiency, enterprise cost, and work continuity and drew a conclusion. The survey of employee satisfaction showed that the satisfaction of employees after modeling had been greatly improved compared with that before modeling. Moreover, according to the survey of work efficiency, the work efficiency of employees in the five enterprises after modeling has been greatly improved compared with that before modeling. Furthermore, in the survey of enterprise cost, the cost reduction effect of postal enterprises is best after using multimedia technology to model the data center-driven FSS platform. Then, according to the survey on work continuity, the work continuity of the five enterprises has been improved to varying degrees after the establishment of the FSS platform. Among them, the work continuity of Enterprise 2 has been improved by 11%, with the best effect. The multimedia modeling in the health cloud biological authentication and data management system plays a role in promoting the development of enterprises.

Research on the “Phenomenon of Isolated Island” of Modern Society Development and the Governing Pathways of Enterprise Business Environment

With the development of society, various “phenomenon of isolated island” appear in social activities, such as “Scenic spot isolated island”, “cultural isolated island”, “economic isolated island”, “market isolated island”, “information isolated island” and so on. “Phenomenon of isolated island” causes a series of harm to the society, such as “system isolated island”, “business isolated island”, “data isolated island”, “management and control isolated island”, etc. Each department operates independently, resources and information cannot be shared, which increases the internal communication cost of enterprises and affects the work efficiency. It has a negative impact on both social and economic development. It is necessary to study the isolated phenomenon of isolated island in depth.The main reason for the “phenomenon of isolated island” is that there is no mechanism of interest sharing and action coordination among the cooperative subjects. There are both internal and external reasons. From the formation process, the interaction of technology, policy, economy, culture and other factors is the main reason for the formation of “phenomenon of isolated island”.In view of this situation, this paper explains the meaning of “phenomenon of isolated island”, analyzes the generation, existing problems and harm of “phenomenon of isolated island”, summarizes the research status of “phenomenon of isolated island”, and finally puts forward countermeasures and paths of “phenomenon of isolated island”, hoping to provide helpful help to social governance and economic development.

Study on Environmental Cost Control in Pig Scale Breeding

The cost of pig breeding enterprises in China remains high and the benefits are declining. How to reduce costs and increase efficiency is an important practical problem faced by pig breeding enterprises at present. This paper takes New Hope Group as the research object, based on its aquaculture management model and financial data, deeply reveals the problems in its large-scale aquaculture management and cost control, and defines the connotation and objectives of environmental cost control of aquaculture enterprises from the perspective of changing the engineering construction model; Secondly, it analyzes the current situation and problems of environmental costs in pig farms; Then put forward the optimization plan of environmental cost in three stages, namely, before, during and after the event. Finally, using the method of combining theory with practice, put forward that enterprises should build an environmental cost control system and supporting measures for the return of manure to farmland.

Waste heat recovery and utilization of cement rotary kiln based on biomass energy

A rotary kiln is a central piece of equipment for the calcination of clinker in the production of cement. Biomass energy has been applied to rotary kilns, and solar energy has been introduced to assist the energy supply. Coupled optimization results for biomass energy and solar energy applications are compared to the single fossil energy used in the base period. A field survey and statistical analysis and integration of cement clinker production sites in China’s Central Plains Economic Zone revealed a negative linear correlation between the consumption of raw coal in the cement production process and the environmental temperature and humidity parameters of the production lines. The energy consumption is large and the energy utilization of the system is low, with goodness of fit of R=0.962. Coupled solar and biomass energy use in the audit period and single energy use in the base period comparison revealed a 19.5% reduction in electricity consumption, a 25.4% reduction in coal consumption and a 4.39% increase in heavy oil consumption. From 2017 to 2020, the average annual consumption cost of electricity and raw coal decreased, while the average annual consumption cost of heavy fuel oil slowly increased. After verification during the audit period, compared with the base period, the total production cost of the case enterprise can be reduced approximately 5.17%, in which the energy cost decreased 0.9%.

What factors affect corporate bond financing costs? -- Taking the corporate bonds of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges of China as an example

This paper focuses on the factors which influence the corporate bond financing cost. Based on the complexity and diversity of influencing factors of corporate bond financing costs, this paper discusses them from macro and micro dimensions. This paper discovers that PMI, a macroeconomic indicator, influences bond financing costs positively; the higher the PMI, the more prosperous the economy is, and the more expensive bond financing is. Other macroeconomic variables have varying effects on the financing costs of corporate bonds with various ratings and maturities. Among the individual bond characteristic variables at the micro level, the bond maturity, the issuer's asset liability ratio, and whether the bonds are guaranteed have a positive impact on the bond financing cost, while the bond issuance amount, the issuer's return on equity, and the issuer's corporate nature negatively affect the cost of bond financing. Therefore, the suggestions are: Firstly, for the governments, when PMI increases, it is necessary to introduce corresponding policies to reduce the financing costs of enterprises; Secondly, for the issuer, it should improve its ROE and reduce the asset liability ratio, select the appropriate bond covenants, and consider the macroeconomic situation to choose the appropriate time to issue bonds to reduce financing costs; Thirdly, for bond investors, they should pay attention to macroeconomic fluctuations, study bond covenants and financial indicators.

Digitalization of processes of transport enterprises as the basis of its strategic planning

Methods. To achieve the outlined goal, a set of general scientific and specific methods of cognition were used, namely: analysis and comparison, synthesis and theoretical generalization – to determine the essence and role of digitization, namely the introduction of electronic document management in the activities of a transport enterprise; abstract-logical – when determining the factors that prevent the enterprise from switching to electronic document management and the reasons for the need for the switch; grapho-analytical – for a visual presentation of the obtained research results. Results. The authors substantiated in the article that digitization processes are taking place in Ukraine, namely the introduction of electronic document management in the activities of a transport enterprise, which will make it possible to reduce the number of divisions of the enterprise that deal with documentation, save time and financial resources, as well as achieve success and further strategic development by improving the quality of management, which helps to create a complete electronic system. There are determined factors that prevent the enterprise from switching to electronic document management (EDM), namely: employees of the enterprise and counterparties do not want to introduce innovations related to EDM, there is a possibility of hacking of the EDM system by competitors or criminals, and they believe that an electronic document has no legal value. The reasons for the company's transition to electronic document management are substantiated, which will make it possible: to perform work for employees remotely from the office or to be out of office; optimize imperfect communication and establish interaction with those clients whose documents were lost or damaged, comply with regulatory requirements for document management, optimize enterprise costs and prevent cyber threats. The stages of optimization of the EDO implementation process at the transport enterprise are analyzed and examples of the introduction of EDO into the accounting system of the transport, namely logistics enterprise are given. There is summarized the experience of international companies and the results of the transition to EDO, the use of which will lead to the digitalization of all processes of the transport enterprise. Novelty. The authors justified the processes of digitalization, namely the introduction of electronic document management in the activities of a transport enterprise to improve its work and improve the quality of management, which will help create a complete electronic system. Practical value. The obtained results can be used in the further implementation of electronic document flow in the activities of enterprises of various directions, which will help to more effectively use the resources of the enterprise and engage in its strategic development.

An asymmetric cost consensus based failure mode and effect analysis method with personalized risk attitude information

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method is widely utilized as an important reliability management tool to effectively evaluate and prevent risk problems that occur in all aspects of production. Considering the restriction of enterprise resources and diversity of FMEA expert interests, building a consensus based FMEA method based on expert cost and risk attitude can improve the quality of reliability management. Therefore, this paper develops an improved FMEA method based on risk attitude and asymmetric cost consensus. Firstly, the FMEA consensus reaching process based on the risk attitudes and asymmetric costs is proposed. Then, the FMEA expert evaluation aggregation process of dynamic expert weight calculation model is constructed. Further, the failure mode final ranking process is developed based on the HARA (hyberbolic absolute risk aversion) utility function and Disappointment theory. The reliability and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA method can be demonstrated by the practical case and simulation experiments. The improved FMEA method can enhance the efficiency and reliability of risk assessment and further promote the acceptance and execution of assessment results. Findings proved that the adaptive consensus based FMEA method can not only save the enterprise costs but also improve the flexibility and quality of risk management.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE SYSTEMATIZATION OF COST-GENERATING FACTORS IN THE COORDINATES OF ACHIEVING STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL GOALS BY AN ENTERPRISE

The article presents the results of the study of factors affecting the costs of an enterprise. The main goal of the study is an analysis of cost-generating factors and their systematization to improve the efficiency of enterprise cost management at the tactical and strategic levels.The relevance of the scientific problem is in the fact that a systematization of cost-forming factors depending on the strategic goal and tactical goals of an enterprise will contribute to increasing the level of efficiency of a cost management system. This affects not only the increase in profitability of an enterprise but also its successful development by increasing the level of competitiveness of the enterprise's products on principles of cost optimization.The study of literary sources and scientific approaches to the systematization of cost-forming factors made it possible to assert that this issue remains unresolved in full and requires research. Thus, cost-forming factors have varied classifications: structural and functional; production and non-production; national, sectoral and internal production; foreign economic, inter-branch and domestic, etc.The results of the analysis of scientific approaches to the definition of cost-forming factors made it possible to provide the definition of cost-forming factors as such conditions of the internal and external environment, because of which a level, volume, structure and dynamics of enterprise costs change.The classification of factors influencing the formation of enterprise costs is proposed, taking into account the state of the internal and external environment. The factors of the internal and external environment are proposed to be grouped according to the following characteristics: the possibility of their influence on costs, with the identification of groups of factors of a direct and an indirect influence; depending on a level of management with a selection of groups of strategic and tactical level factors. In addition, for the strategic level of cost management, it is proposed to single out the following groups of factors: economic, market, tax, financial, systemic.The results of the study may be of practical importance to may have applied value for heads of manufacturing enterprises in terms of cost management in relation to a company's achievement of strategic and tactical goals.

Does service-oriented manufacturing affect the sustainability performance of Chinese green manufacturing firms: an integrated study including empirical analysis and agent-based simulation

PurposeThere are two purposes in this paper. The first one is to explore the impact mechanisms and paths of service-oriented manufacturing (SOM) on the sustainability performance of green manufacturing firms and to pay particular attention to the mediating role of enterprise costs in the relationship between the two. The second one is to reveal the dynamic process and laws of SOM influencing on the sustainability performance of green manufacturing enterprises.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs a combination of dynamic and static research from two aspects. On the one hand, based on 495 green manufacturing firms in China, the authors verify the SEM of SOM, enterprise cost and sustainability performance of green manufacturing firms through empirical research, analyze the path relationship and mediation effect, and demonstrate its complex impact mechanism. On the other hand, the authors use agent-based modeling and simulation to reveal the dynamic influence of SOM on the sustainability performance of green manufacturing enterprises and explore its dynamic laws and future development trends.FindingsThe study results indicate that (1) SOM has a direct positive effect on firm sustainability performance. (2) Reducing firm costs has a positive effect on firm sustainability performance, and firm costs play a partial mediating role in the mechanism by which SOM influences firm sustainability performance. (3) The dynamic impact of SOM on sustainability performance increases significantly over time. (4) Significant firm heterogeneity exists in the process by which SOM improves sustainability performance. (5) There are differences in the promotion of SOM for economic performance, environmental performance and social performance.Originality/valueThis paper makes two main contributions. First, compared with previous research on sustainability performance focusing on a certain dimension, this paper organically integrates the three dimensions of sustainability performance, regards them as a whole and considers the paths to improve sustainability performance. Second, this paper focuses on the complex relationship among SOM, enterprise costs and sustainability performance and reveals different sustainability performance improvement paths and dynamic impact processes, thereby expanding and deepening previous research on sustainability on the subject. These contributions lead to a better understanding of the driving forces and realization path for green manufacturing firms' sustainability performance from an integrated static and dynamic perspective.

Optimization of district heating system considering carbon taxes and subsidies based on energy policy stage goals

Climate change is one of the main issues that humanity will face in the upcoming decades. Low-carbon district heating is an important alternative for decarbonizing the heating sector against unsustainable higher carbon emission heating methods. Most available studies have concentrated on fixed or predetermined policies instead of attempting a numerical optimization of carbon taxes and subsidies in district heating. This study proposes the optimization of a district heating system in Northeast China considering carbon taxes and subsidies based on energy policy stage goals. Research shows that carbon taxes and subsidies have a certain impact on the change in district heating sources. With the increase in carbon taxes, heating from non-fossil energy sources is increasing, an area that can also be promoted with subsidies for non-fossil energy. Considering the total cost of heating enterprises, it is appropriate to set the carbon tax for district heating at $86. Similarly, considering government expenditure, it is suggested that construction subsidies be set at 10.5$/m2, 3.5$/m2, and36.5 $/m2 for air source heat pumps, biomass boilers, and ground source heat pumps. In addition, the obtained results can be used as guidelines for the heating industry to design more efficient district heating and focus research and development efforts on the most promising non-fossil energy heating technologies.

Research on Standardization of Modern Enterprise Economic Management Model Based on Competency Model

The economic management of enterprises needs to adhere to scientific management measures and rich experience. Although there are many enterprises in China, the form of economic management is still rough and has certain limitations. Managers should take a longer-term view, pay attention to the standardization of on-site management, and establish a dynamic supervision mechanism to create greater economic and social benefits for enterprises. In the increasingly fierce market competition, the operating costs of enterprises are affected by transportation costs, raw material costs and other factors. If scientific management mode is not implemented, enterprises will be at a disadvantage in the fierce competition. Once the market changes, enterprises will not be able to maintain stable development or even be swallowed up by the market. If enterprises want to achieve long-term development, they must actively change the traditional economic management mode, promote its standardized development and improve their core competitiveness.

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The article reveals the essence and meaning of logistics. The main tasks of logistics activities in enterprises are considered. It is established that the logistic activity of agricultural enterprises is a connecting function between all its divisions, which unites such functional areas as supply, production, and sales into a single system. Logistics tasks are crucial for any agricultural enterprise that seeks to optimize and maintain highly available logistics systems. When handled correctly, they increase efficiency, cost savings, and customer satisfaction. Each of the types of logistics activity in the enterprise is characterized by separate logistics processes for the effective management of which appropriate methods and tools are used. It is established that during 2017–2021, a decrease in the number of agricultural enterprises of all organizational and legal forms in Ukraine was observed. During 2019-2021, there was an increase in the production of the following main types of agricultural products by business entities in crop production in Ukraine: grain and leguminous crops, sunflowers, potatoes, and grapes; in animal husbandry: the live weight of farm animals sold for slaughter and the amount of production (gross yield) of milk. In 2022, Ukraine received a central part of its income from exporting agricultural products due to its sales to EU countries. It was outlined that logistics and supply chain costs are the main components of the cost structure of an agricultural enterprise. Ways to save resource costs in the logistics system of enterprises are proposed. It has been established that cost management in the logistics system is vital for maintaining the effective functioning of an agricultural enterprise. It is necessary to conduct data analysis and build forecasts to determine what costs the enterprise bears for logistics activities; find ways to save enterprise costs on supply chains. As a result, optimizing logistics costs will contribute to the further development and increase of the financial potential of the agricultural enterprise as a whole. Keywords: logistics, management, logistics activity, enterprise, transport, products, delivery.

Train Service Plan Design under the Condition of Multimodal Rail Transit Systems Integration and Interconnection

Multimodal rail transit systems integration and interconnection can solve frequent transfer problems and better adapt to disequilibrium passenger flow and space. It is an inevitable choice in the development of various rail transit systems. Firstly, this paper proposes a novel train service plan design model in the scenario of multimodal rail transit systems integration and interconnection. Our model takes into account the costs of both passengers and enterprises, and passengers travel time is converted into cost using passengers’ nonworking time value coefficient. The model contains some conventional constraints such as passenger flow, station capacity, and line carrying capacity. It also considers whether the transportation capacity of different lines is matched, that is, the constraint of capacity matching degree. Secondly, an improved harmonic search algorithm (IHSA) is designed to solve the problem, and a numerical experiment is used to prove the performance of the proposed method. Our research result shows that the model and algorithm proposed in this paper is effective, which can help overcome the drawbacks of the existing independent operation mode of different rail transit systems. This study is also applicable to the scenario of other kinds of rail transit systems integration and interconnection.

Research on Application of Stacking Technique in Telecom Churn Prediction

In today's saturated telecommunication market, operators need to fully tap the value of data, strengthen the management of existing users, and reduce customer churns. In order to further to reduce the maintenance cost of enterprises, it is necessary to apply more efficient data mining technology to the prediction of telecommunication user churns in order to improve the operating profit of enterprises. This paper took a telecommunication customer churn data set on Kaggle as the research data, and explores a high accuracy customer churn prediction model. Logistic Regression was exploited to create customer churn prediction models, and the parameters of each model were optimized. On this basis, the Stacking technique was used to fuse the models, and the best combination method is obtained. After research, this paper mainly drew the following conclusions: First, in a single model, the model built with XG Boost algorithm has the highest prediction accuracy, which is 86.20%. Secondly, combining the accuracy rate of training set, cross-validation set and test set, it can be found that XG Boost and Random Forest have the best performance under Stacking fusion algorithm. The accuracy of the above three datasets is 97.61%, 85.84%, 86.51%, respectively, which improves the prediction accuracy of the prediction model.

Digital finance and corporate innovation: evidence from China

ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate the impact of digital finance on corporate innovation based on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2017. We find that digital finance has a significant promotion effect on corporate innovation. The development of digital finance promotes enterprise innovation, increasing the number of patent applications and authorizations. The development of digital finance mainly promotes corporate innovation through two channels. First, digital finance improves bank competition and credit availability to promote corporate innovation; second, digital finance reduces financing constraints and financing costs of enterprises to promote corporate innovation. We also conduct a rich set of robustness tests and obtain consistent conclusions.

PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AT COAL MINING ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Abstract. The article presents the relevance and timeliness of the study concerning the prerequisites for improving the cost accounting system in coal mine enterprises in Ukraine. Future income in coal mine enterprises depends on from expenses. That’s why this situation requires constant work on solving the tasks of optimizing the level of costs and ensuring the sustainability of enterprises. The most important factor of development of enterprise is perfect accounting and management of production costs. The empirical basis was measures of coal mines of the state enterprise Lvivvukhillia, in particular the mines: «Velykomostivska», «Lisova», «Chervonogradska», «Mezhyrichanska», «Stepova». The result of research showing the existing cost accounting system at the coal mining enterprise does not have a perfect classification of all enterprise costs and their reflection on accounting accounts. The scientific significance of the article shows as to possibility to analyzing different new methods and approaches of cost accounting in the word and use the best practice in Ukrainian cost accounting at the coal mine enterprises. The practical significance of the publication involves in building effective system of cost accounting and management. This will make it possible to properly organize accounting at enterprises with a high level of production cost. The author proves that cost accounting system provides cost accounting, calculation, and cost control of cost objects. The functioning of this system depends on the established interaction between the elements of the system, which are the classification of costs, accounting objects, the accounting method, the order of distribution of indirect costs, the assessment of work in progress, the object and method of costing products, etc. It is the information that is formed in the cost accounting system that serves as the basis for the formation of management decisions regarding changes in the volume of production, assessment of cost indicators, financial results and pricing of a coal mining enterprise. Cost accounting at coal mining enterprises should be based on clear methodological recommendations that will help optimize production processes to determine the correct way to manage cost. Key words: accounting, coal, cost, cost accounting system, depreciation, expense, life cycle costing, mine, total quality management.

Optimization of Synchronized Scheduling for Dual-Source Trolleybus Network

With the development of new energy technologies, dual-source trolleybuses are widely used in public transportation systems. A synergistic schedule can further improve the service quality of vehicles and optimize the passenger travel experience. This study investigated the synchronized scheduling of dual-source trolleybus networks to reduce the transfer time of passengers and the fleet size problem to reduce the operating cost of enterprises. A bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model was developed to maximize the total synchronizations and minimize the total fleet size of dual-source trolleybus lines. A two-stage algorithm was designed to obtain multiple sets of Pareto effective solutions. Meanwhile, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the results of numerical examples solved by the two-stage algorithm were compared with those of a genetic algorithm (GA) and a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). A real-world case study based on the Beijing dual-source trolleybus network was studied to validate the proposed model. The results show that the model can obtain synchronized schedules. The optimization of the number of synchronizations and fleet size is obvious. The model and algorithm can be applied to a large dual-source trolleybus network.

Research on the Criteria of Successful M&A

With the rapid development of economic globalization and the gradual improvement of the world market economy, M&A activities among enterprises are becoming more and more frequent in order to compete for market shares. As the main path to expand the scale of enterprises, M&A can effectively achieve the goals of expanding business scope, simplifying industrial structure and reducing operating costs for enterprises, which has become the first choice of many enterprises for expansion and development. Nevertheless, due to the unpredictable market environment and internal management uncertainties, the success rate of M&A in the global market has been relatively low so far. Using iterature research and case study method, this paper analyzes three classic M&A cases of LVMH, DIDI and Daimler Benz. From shallow to deep, elaborated the main criteria of successful corporate M&A from three aspects: industrial upgrading, financial integration and human resource management, taking into account the actual situation of globalized economic market development.