LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Abstract

The article reveals the essence and meaning of logistics. The main tasks of logistics activities in enterprises are considered. It is established that the logistic activity of agricultural enterprises is a connecting function between all its divisions, which unites such functional areas as supply, production, and sales into a single system. Logistics tasks are crucial for any agricultural enterprise that seeks to optimize and maintain highly available logistics systems. When handled correctly, they increase efficiency, cost savings, and customer satisfaction. Each of the types of logistics activity in the enterprise is characterized by separate logistics processes for the effective management of which appropriate methods and tools are used. It is established that during 2017–2021, a decrease in the number of agricultural enterprises of all organizational and legal forms in Ukraine was observed. During 2019-2021, there was an increase in the production of the following main types of agricultural products by business entities in crop production in Ukraine: grain and leguminous crops, sunflowers, potatoes, and grapes; in animal husbandry: the live weight of farm animals sold for slaughter and the amount of production (gross yield) of milk. In 2022, Ukraine received a central part of its income from exporting agricultural products due to its sales to EU countries. It was outlined that logistics and supply chain costs are the main components of the cost structure of an agricultural enterprise. Ways to save resource costs in the logistics system of enterprises are proposed. It has been established that cost management in the logistics system is vital for maintaining the effective functioning of an agricultural enterprise. It is necessary to conduct data analysis and build forecasts to determine what costs the enterprise bears for logistics activities; find ways to save enterprise costs on supply chains. As a result, optimizing logistics costs will contribute to the further development and increase of the financial potential of the agricultural enterprise as a whole. Keywords: logistics, management, logistics activity, enterprise, transport, products, delivery.