Cost Of Business Research Articles

A deep learning-based approach for electrical equipment remaining useful life prediction

Electrical equipment maintenance is of vital importance to management companies. Efficient maintenance can significantly reduce business costs and avoid safety accidents caused by catastrophic equipment failures. In the current context, predictive maintenance (PdM) is becoming increasingly popular based on machine learning approaches, while its research on electrical equipment such as low-voltage contactors is in its infancy. The failure modes are mainly fusion welding and explosion, and a few are unable to switch on. In this study, a data-driven approach is proposed to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the low-voltage contactor. Firstly, the three-phase alternating voltage and current records the life of electrical equipment by tracking the number of times it has been operated. Secondly, the failure-relevant features are extracted by using the time domain, frequency domain, and wavelet methods. Then, a CNN-LSTM network is designed and used to train an electrical equipment RUL prediction model based on the extracted features. An experimental study based on ten datasets collected from low-voltage AC contactors reveals that the proposed method shows merits in comparison with the prevailing deep learning algorithms in terms of MAE and RMSE.

Tingkat Kesejahteraan Nelayan di Desa Kusamba, Kecamatan Dawan, Kabupaten Klungkung

Welfare Level of Fishermen in Kusamba Village, Dawan District, Klungkung Regency. Seeing the low level of welfare caused by the low income of fishermen and still open opportunities to increase marine fishery production in Kusamba Village. The method of analysis is quantitative and qualitative. Data collection was done by interview, observation, documentation and literature study methods. Respondents amounted to 31 people taken from three groups of fishermen. The variables in this study are income and the level of welfare with the indicators used are income, expenditure and consumption patterns, health, education, employment and housing. The result of this research is the cash cost of capture fisheries business is Rp 39.382.788.39/year and the total income is Rp 38.465.578.71/year or Rp 3.205.464.89/month. The results for the welfare level of capture fisheries fishermen are in the moderately prosperous category with a score of 2,346. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to increase the role of the government in terms of empowerment, providing facilities to the community in the form of agribusiness development facilities such as market information, increasing market access, capital and developing partnerships with other business institutions.

Business Cost Modelling of Information Processing in Supply Chain Units

The paper analyzes and successively assesses the problem of information delays in a sample logistics system, in which customer inquiries are sent to adjacent or dedicated units in the logistics chain. Within such a framework time and unit costs of customer service and inquiry are analyzed. A detailed model of the logistics system is thus elaborated using a mathematical approach and its graphical representation. The accompanying case study includes the analysis of the detailed situation in which two models are compared that do not differ in the structure of logistic units but are characterized by different information flow paths. Simulation results are presented through a thorough graphic, numerical and descriptive analysis. Finally, the problem of information transmission in the logistics system is summarized.

Does a smart business environment promote corporate investment? a case study of Hangzhou.

As a result of business environment reforms in China's Hangzou, the cost of business has reduced, the confidence of Hangzhou enterprises has survived the COVID-19 outbreak, and foreign investment continues to increase. Nevertheless, Hangzhou's business environment has shortcomings, such as insufficient technology, talent, and intelligent infrastructure. Two unresolved questions persist: (i) Has the smart business environment stimulated corporate investment by reducing system costs and boosting corporate confidence? (ii) How do the commercial climate's shortcomings impact the relationship between the intelligent business environment and business costs/confidence? We examined the impact of a local smart business environment on the corporate investment scale in Hangzhou using factor analysis, cluster analysis, linear regression, and path analyses of data from 297 firm managers. Smart governance improved public administration, financing, and rule of law. The business environment promoted investment by increasing business confidence and decreasing institutional costs. Weak intelligent property protection and legal fairness hindered the positive influence of smart governance on business confidence and system costs. This is the first study combining business environment, smart city, and smart governance concepts to analyze the influence of local smart business environments on business confidence, institutional costs, and investment. Our conclusion on the limitation effect of intelligent business environment on enterprise investment attempts to inspire further research on the intersection of business environments and smart cities. The law of intelligent business environment attracting investment obtained in the context of China, the largest developing country with diversified economic development, is of great significance for other developing countries. Countries can attract investment and promote economic development through intelligent governance. Developing countries should construct smart service platforms, coordinate supervision of public credit, reduce financing constraint, construct a government under the rule of law, improve the quality of land management, and protect intellectual property rights.

Analysis of heart rate variability as identifier of signs of occupational stress: cross-sectional descriptive observational study

Background: There is great concern in the world about worker stress and quality of life, since a significant number of companies show that physical and mental suffering are one of the main causes of absenteeism, generating high business costs due to low productivity. Stress at work ends up affecting not only the professional income but also your health. Objective: To investigate the correlation between stress level and heart rate variability (HRV). This is a cross-sectional observational survey of 20 workers from the administrative, maintenance and concierge sectors of a condominium management company. Cardiac biofeedback equipment (BFC) was used, which evaluates the activity of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), as well as the influence exerted by the limbic system (system of emotions). A LIPP questionnaire was level of cortisol. Results: It can be observed that there is a correlation between the coherence note (BFC) and the working time, a moderate correlation between the consistency score, coherence and evening cortisol, it is also observed that there is an association between the coherence state and the LIPP questionnaire. Conclusion: In general, there was an association between the numerical variables and the heart rate variability, but what was shown to be a greater association was the interaction of the questionnaire with the coherence state at the cortisol level.

패널FGLS를 이용한 테크노파크 조성 및 입지, 운영특성이 지역경제 성장에 미치는 효과 분석

This study empirically analyzes the effects of development, location and operation features of a technology complexes (so-called ‘Technopark’) on the regional economic growth, which are being constructed as a part of the government’s policy initiatives to establish a regional industrial clustering and regional innovation system, and foster regional industries. The empirical analysis is conducted with Panel FGLS. The major findings are as follows. First, it is found that the expansion of direct use spaces such as technology, R&D, and support services has a positive effect on regional economic growth as they increase corporate performance. Second, it is confirmed that business cost of a technopark to foster strategic industries and individual companies in the region has a significant effect on the regional economic growth. Third, it is also found that private technoparks had better effects on regional economic growth, compared to public technoparks, as they are more flexible in dealing with fast changing industrial environment. Fourth, it is shown that technoparks created in non-metropolitan areas has a greater impact on the regional economy. Fifth, it is suggested that the regional industrial specialization policy based on technopark construction has a significant effect on the regional economic growth. With findings, this study suggests that it is necessary to promote a policy for activation and specialization of regional industry by expanding and creating a technopark in underdeveloped areas.

Pengaruh Volume Usaha dan Harga Pokok Penjualan Terhadap Sisa Hasil Usaha (SHU) Pada Koperasi Karyawan PT Sarandi

ABSTRACT
 This study aims to determine the effect of business volume and cost of goods sold on the remaining operating results. The variables used in this study are business volume, cost of goods sold and the remaining operating results. This research was conducted at the Employee Cooperative of PT Sarandi in 2016 - 2021. The research method used was a quantitative method with an associative approach. The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling with a total/census sampling technique. The data analysis used is parametric with multiple linear analysis. The results of the study of business volume have a positive effect on the remaining operating results with a significance of 0.000 <0.05 and tcount > ttable (47.009 > 1.99495). Cost of goods sold has a negative effect on the remaining operating results with a significance of 0.000 <0.05 and tcount > ttable (43.156 > 1.99495). And business volume and cost of goods sold have a simultaneous effect on the remaining operating results with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05 and Fcount > Ftable (1107,045 > 3,13). The contribution of the variable of operating volume and cost of goods sold to the remaining operating results is 97%.
 Keywords: Business Volume, Cost of Goods Sold, Remaining Operating Income

A Review of the Strength of Trade Polices of Emerging Economies and their Goal of Sustainable Economic Development

Developing nations are trying to handle the economic problems by applying different strategies, on the other hand they are highly impressed with the infant-industry idea, that is belong to classic growth theory of traditional trade. Which is not a worldwide valid idea. According to many economists and scholars the infant-industry proposal stops the emerging countries to enter into international business market. The Nations who embrace this idea could not enjoy the competitive advantages in the global market and who decide not to enter into the international market, they have to face high cost of business, inefficient production and decease in jobs opportunities. This study has explored that many firm want to grow their business all over the world at present-day and they are seeking reliable international suppliers and freedom of movement in operating their investment units. To attract the foreign and local investors the emerging nations have to enhance the corporate image of their FTZ/EPZs setup, which is protected by the both endogenous and exogenous growth theories. In its performance and functions, it has the significance and power to increase the capacity of trade and industry which in turn cause to create business opportunities and provide the path of economic growth, therefore this study has suggested to spend much time and efforts on R&D not only to update the trade strategies and macroeconomic policies but to improve the supply chain system also in the regions.

NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, RETIREMENT PREPAREDNESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS OF EMPLOYEES OF TERTIARY EDUCATION IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

This study assesses nutritional knowledge, retirement preparedness and entrepreneurial skills of employees in public tertiary institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria. Three research questions and objectives were formulated to guide the study. The research population consisted of 9,000 Staff of tertiary education in Rivers State, Nigeria. There hundred and eighty-three (383) from the research population were selected as respondents using simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire titled “Nutritional knowledge, retirement preparedness and entrepreneurial skills of employees in public tertiary education institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria were constructed. The questionnaire was validated by three experts with a reliability coefficient of 0.69 which showed high reliability and thus considered satisfactory and stable for the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The findings reveal that employees of Staff of tertiary education in Rivers State, Nigeria had good nutritional knowledge. Nutrition is pivotal in the prevention of diseases, promotion and maintaining of good health. Employees had poor retirement preparedness with to savings but run business ventures such as selling of food items; agribusiness, catering, education, real estate, consultancy, beauty and health; and household cleaning production. However, high family obligations, expensive business costs, and difficulties in obtaining credit were serious challenges. Staff could, for example, establish a culture of saving and engaging in entrepreneurship to ensure financial viability following retirement.

IDENTIFICATION OF CONCENTRATE QUALITY FROM LOCAL RAW MATERIALS THROUGH HEMATOLOGY PROFILE ON BALI CATTLE

Innovation in the use of local feed is an alternative to reducing production costs in livestock business. However, feeding at different levels will affect physiological conditions such as differences in blood counts This study was conducted to determine the quality of concentrate made from local raw materials toward rice bran through a hematological profile. The observed hematological parameters were total erythrocyte, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit value. The treatment given was P0 = group of cattles that were given green feed plus 1 kg of rice bran/cattle/day; P1 = group of cattles given forage plus 1 kg of concentrate (50% substitution of corn waste and peanut shells); P2 = group of cattles given forage plus 1 kg/cattle/day of concentrate (75% substitution of corn waste and peanut shells). This study used a randomized block design. Blood is drawn through the jugular vein using a venoject. Total erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels and hematocrit values were calculated using the routine hematology examination method with a Hematology Analyzer machine. The results showed that the provision of additional feeds in the form of bran and concentrate made from local raw materials to weaning Bali cattle had no significant effect (P>0.05) on total erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit values. These results indicate that concentrate made from local raw material has the potential as an alternative feed to replace rice bran without affecting the physiological conditions of the cattle.

АНАЛИЗ СТОИМОСТИ ТУРИСТСКОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕСТАБИЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Pandemic made significant changes to the functioning of enterprises of the tourism industry. The Government of the Russian Federation counted the industry as the most affected. Of course, the efforts of the state to soften the negative impact, they brought positive moments. Many tourist enterprises are liquidated, the part was transformed into digital space and reoriented to the development of domestic tourism. All these moments had a strong impact on determining the cost of business. Investor, the buyer is more difficult to determine the real objective economically reasonable value of the business. Owner (seller) To increase the cost, it is necessary to conduct a number of activities to obtain maximum income. The article presents practical recommendations for increasing the value of the business on the example of the tourist enterprise, which operates in the territory of the Rostov region. An assessment of the transition of the enterprise into digital space is given andPandemic made significant changes to the functioning of enterprises of the tourism industry. The Government of the Russian Federation counted the industry as the most affected. Of course, the efforts of the state to soften the negative impact, they brought positive moments. Many tourist enterprises are liquidated, the part was transformed into digital space and reoriented to the development of domestic tourism. All these moments had a strong impact on determining the cost of business. Investor, the buyer is more difficult to determine the real objective economically reasonable value of the business. Owner (seller) To increase the cost, it is necessary to conduct a number of activities to obtain maximum income. The article presents practical recommendations for increasing the value of the business on the example of the tourist enterprise, which operates in the territory of the Rostov region. An assessment of the transition of the enterprise into digital space is given anPandemic made significant changes to the functioning of enterprises of the tourism industry. The Government of the Russian Federation counted the industry as the most affected. Of course, the efforts of the state to soften the negative impact, they brought positive moments. Many tourist enterprises are liquidated, the part was transformed into digital space and reoriented to the development of domestic tourism. All these moments had a strong impact on determining the cost of business. Investor, the buyer is more difficult to determine the real objective economically reasonable value of the business. Owner (seller) To increase the cost, it is necessary to conduct a number of activities to obtain maximum income. The article presents practical recommendations for increasing the value of the business on the example of the tourist enterprise, which operates in the territory of the Rostov region. An assessment of the transition of the enterprise into digital space is given and

Financial-Economic Analysis of Cultural Companies in Small and Medium-Sized Cities in Spain

Cultural enterprises are today an important component in the development processes of many territories. In urban centers—particularly those located within metropolitan areas—cultural companies constitute a main element of the economy, due to their ability to activate new production chains and revitalize local regions. The objective of this work is to examine the traditional cultural sector (subsectors 18, 59, 60, 90 and 91 of NACE-09) of small and medium-sized cities from the perspective of the financial conditions of the particular companies involved. The use of multivariate techniques for reducing dimensions enables the specification of key factors within the financial structures of companies to assemble homogeneous groups of firms, in order to then determine which factors influence their profitability in both intra- and extra-metropolitan contexts. The results of the applied method indicate heterogeneity in the financial situations of these cultural industries in the activities and cities analyzed. Differences are marked in the financial profiles of cultural companies in intra-metropolitan environments in terms of business profitability, debt quality, financial stability, investment capacity, and costs of personnel. On the other hand, the economic-financial structures of companies in extra-metropolitan cities are determined through efficiency in the allocation of economic-financial resources, profit margins, and investment capacity. Belonging to one cultural sub-sector or another and a particular location within an intra- or extra-metropolitan urban environment also play some part in a company’s economic and financial structure. Hence there is a need to differentiate the design of intervention strategies (instruments) aimed at promoting the system/environment to which the company belongs as well as the company itself.

Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Berperspektif Gender: Perhitungan Harga Produksi Dan Pembukuan Bagi Pemuda/I Usia Produktif Pelaku Usaha Di Kota Jayapura

This service activity aims to train the community, especially young people in productive age for identifying and calculating production costs and carrying out bookkeeping for recording their business transactions for product and service businesses. This training was held at 12th -14th of April 2021at Magister Akuntansi building, Abepura, Jayapura city. The participants of the activity were 19 youths aged 19-20 years. The training was carried out by introducing the basic concept of gender in business and the equal role of women and men in running their businesses. Furthermore, this training trains participants to calculate the business costs of products and services and then collect these costs into production costs. The following training is about making a bookkeeping for running a business which is needed to determine the financial condition of the business and as a basis for evaluating the state of the business. The mechanism for monitoring and evaluating training activities is carried out through the distribution of pre and post test questionnaires which are distributed for training the participants before and after the activity.

Study of Honeycomb Air Curtain for a Freezer Room to Enhance Protection against Warm Air Infiltration

The objective of this research is to present the energy-saving effect of applying an air curtain to prevent the penetration of warm air through a freezer door. Retail business is highly competitive in many aspects, including the factors affecting the cost of the store. The most important cost for many businesses is the cost of supplying energy to refrigeration systems. Therefore, the operator must try to reduce the energy consumption of the freezer room. Normally, a freezer room consumes cooling energy when its door is opened for the loading and unloading of goods, leading to the infiltration of warm air from outside. For this reason, we conducted experiments in which air curtains were used. We compared two types of air curtain grille: Common and honeycomb. The experiment was designed to assess whether the honeycomb grille could provide a stronger air curtain and more effectively prevent the penetration of warm air. For the experiment, we used a freezer with a temperature of −25 ๐C. The freezer room door measured 200 × 100 m2 and an air curtain was installed 5 cm above the outer freezer door. The velocity of the air curtain was 6.5 m/s. Simulations were carried out using solid workflow simulation software. The changes in temperature and air velocity were simulated in the room, considering three scenarios: Type 1: Leaving the freezer door open for 1 hour without the air curtain operating. This resulted in warm air inflow at the top of the door and cold air outflow at the bottom of the door. When a steady-state was reached, the room temperature was 6.05 ๐C. Type 2: Leaving the freezer door open for 1 hour, using an air curtain with a common grille to prevent the infiltration of warm air. The results showed that an air curtain could prevent the infiltration of warm air. The outside air tries to push through the air curtain, which can be seen from the curvature of the air curtain line in the model. When a steady-state was reached, the room temperature was −2.41 ๐C. Type 3: Leaving the freezer door open for 1 hour, using an air curtain with a honeycomb grille to prevent the infiltration of warm air. The honeycomb grille air curtain was slightly better at preventing the infiltration of warm air than the common grille. There was less curvature in the air curtain line, which means that the strength of the air curtain is greater. When a steady-state was reached, the room temperature was −2.64 ๐C. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the honeycomb grille air curtain can prevent the infiltration of warm air 9.54% better than the common grille air curtain.

FORECAST MODELING OF MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES AS THE FOUNDATION OF INTERNATIONAL POSITIONING - CHALLENGES FOR BiH

The international market requires the strengthening of the competitive advantages of all participants in it. The formulation of a positioning strategy requires the investment of resources in acquiring additional knowledge. This resource enables the avoidance of “strategic failures”, which often characterized the attempts of domestic business systems to access the international market. Managing international development and market positioning of business systems within the domestic and international environment requires additional management energy and additional knowledge. Digitalization of business significantly reduces business costs, thus eliminating numerous obstacles for poorer and less developed countries, which need and must use their chance to effectively integrate into international economic flows. Informing about censored demand, as well as its forecasting within the selected business area, represents an opportunity that enables safe and efficient access to the global market. Censored demand is a part of demand within the business scope that is not recorded by the bidders, because it arose after the bidders in the selected market segment, made the most of their own production capacity. Predicting censored demand is an area of quantitative analysis with the task of predicting the value of a variable, which is a special challenge for the researcher, given that the history of the variable is not known. Diversification of business activities into the global market requires knowladge of the scope and structure of damand for products that bussines sistems are able to offer. Sometimes, bussines systems avoid applaying those products that, in full capacity, are offerd by local comapnies on the selected target market segment, becouse the fact that a certain company places a total offer does not mean that the offer is satisfied. The business systems who are on the top a certain market segment, although aware of the existance of additional demand are no able to expand the scope of activities for objective reasons. All of the above leaves space for market positioning business systems that are not able to do busines locally. The special interest may have small and medium companys from contrys such as ours, who have all the necessary infrastructure to sell in a foreign market. Doing business in a distance market must be based on careful nalaysis of the factors that affests the success of such a business strategy. Specioal atention shoud be paid to the analysis of censored becouse it is one of the most important factors of success in foreign markets. Adequate prediction of censored demand, which is effectively solved by mathematical simulation models, whose application methodology will be presented in this research project. The possibilities of mathematical simulation in the function of prognostics are very effective becouse they are adjusetd individually to each management problem. The application of the mathematical simulation model doese not require a real system and can also be applied to abstract systems. In relation to how similar the model is to the real system it affects to credibility obtained information as a solution of the model.

Analyzing Explicit and Implicit accidents workplace costs

Accidents are one of most important phenomena in the production industries and treat the health of the factory workers. Work accidents are a burden for many parties in many ways. Accidents and incidents lead to costs for companies, individual workers, and society. The economic effects of accidents and injuries are not only as financial expenditures, damages or loss of resources, but also there are adverse effects (such as grief ,Loss of major body organs ,…) that are difficult to express in terms of money. Work-related accidents are a major safety and health topic. Every year, workers are faced to accidents in their workplace. This is a huge cost for businesses and a huge cost in terms of human suffering for the victims and their families. Workplace accidents can mean pain and disability and can affect the worker’s life, both in and out of work. According to the contents, it is very important to review and evaluate accidents and their costs. Some researchers have divided costs into, direct and indirect categories. In this study, costs have classified and described as: Explicit and Implicit costs, next has introduced regression model , analyzed and calculated workshop accident.

Consumer Concern and Willingness to Pay for Plastic Alternatives in Food Service

Plastic food service packaging represents a large source of plastic waste and marine debris. Currently, most food service business operators are resistant to changing to environmentally friendly alternatives due to perceived cost and loss of business due to passing these costs onto the consumer. To address these issues, we assessed the willingness of consumers to pay for plastic alternatives in both dine-in and takeout scenarios at restaurants in relation to levels of environmental concern, environmental identity, and demographics through a survey. Data were analyzed using a combination of descriptive statistics, regressions, and exploratory factor analyses. Of the 1371 survey responses, nearly 66% of respondents indicated they would be willing to pay 40 cents or more per person per meal at a restaurant for plastic alternatives and that this preference did not vary between dine-in and takeout scenarios. Additionally, education level and level of caring for the environment were the two most significant factors that increased willingness to pay for plastic alternatives.

Analisis Efisiensi Usaha Pembesaran Ikan Nila di Desa Marga Sakti Kecamatan Padang Jaya Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara

North Bengkulu Regency is one of the freshwater fishery producing areas in Indonesia Bengkulu Province. Forty percent of Bengkulu Province's total freshwater fish production is from North Bengkulu. The fishery center in North Bengkulu is in the District of Padang Jaya and has been designated as a freshwater fishery Minapolitan area. Type Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one type of fish that is in great demand by the community to be cultivated, because Tilapia has sufficient tolerance high relative to the environment as well as its relatively fast growth. Purpose This research is: (1) Analyzing the amount of business income Tilapia and, (2) Analyzing the efficiency level of Tilapia rearing business. Determination of the location in this research was conducted intentionally (purposive). The population in this field study is tilapia farmers totaling 150 farmers. Determination of the number of respondents in the field study This is the Simple Random Sampling method. The average value of Tilapia fish production in Marga Sakti Village is 1.817 Kg/MT so that the total revenue received by farmers Tilapia an average of Rp. 33.608.333/ MT and the value of fish farmers' income The average tilapia in Marga Sakti Village is Rp. 18,192,229/MT. So that the value of The average R/C ratio per stocking season is 2.28. This shows that the effort Tilapia cultivation with a calm water pond system in Marga Sakti Village is categorized as suitable for cultivation cultivated because the amount of expenditure on cultivation business costs is smaller than with acceptance.

Real-Based Earnings Management of Venture Firm, Future Business Performance and Cost of Debt

본 연구는 우리나라 산업 전체의 중요한 성장동력으로 작용하고 있는 벤처기업을 중심으로 미래 경영성과 및 타인자본비용에 대한 실제 이익조정의 관련성을 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 벤처기업의 실제 이익조정은 미래 경영성과인 t+1기 당기순이익과 영업현금흐름과 음(-)의 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타난다. 이는 벤처기업의 경우 실제 이익조정을 통해서 단기적으로 이익을 상향 조정하면 기업 자원 흐름의 왜곡을 발생시켜 차기 당기순이익과 영업현금흐름에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 의미한다. 두 번째, 벤처기업의 실제 이익조정은 타인자본비용과 양(+)의 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타난다. 이는 벤처기업이 실제 이익조정에 의해 미래 현금흐름의 불확실성이 증가하고 있음을 자본시장에서 해석하고 위험 프리미엄을 요구함에 따라 타인자본비용이 증가하는 것으로 해석될 수 있다. 추가적으로 t+3기 경영성과 및 타인자본비용에 대한 실제 이익조정의 부정적 효과는 지속되는 것으로 나타난다. 본 연구는 벤처기업이 경영성과에 부정적 효과를 고려하여 발생액 이익조정보다 실제 이익조정을 선호하지 않는 원인에 대하여 이론적 배경을 본 연구는 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Integration of Kouprey-Inspired Optimization Algorithms with Smart Energy Nodes for Sustainable Energy Management of Agricultural Orchards

Energy expenditures are now the main cost for two businesses that generate huge incomes each year for Thailand, which are agribusiness and community tourism. As entrepreneurs have to share a portion of their income as energy utility bills each month. This is a factor which results in them getting a low net return. Recognizing the need for energy management for sustainable use in agriculture focusing on durian cultivation in Kantharalak district and community tourism in Sisaket province, this research used a newly developed optimization algorithm called Kouprey-inspired optimization (KIO) to assist energy management in smart agriculture to support community-based tourism. This was initiated with a smart energy node to reduce the energy and labor costs for volcanic durian planting and accommodation in community-based tourist attractions in Sisaket province. The results showed that the combination of the KIO algorithm and smart energy node allowed for efficient management of the volcanic durian orchards and the use of clean energy in combination with traditional electric power for volcanic durian cultivation and community-based tourism. As the research area in Sisaket province had eight hours of solar power per day, this was sufficient for smart agriculture and community-based tourism in the daytime and in the evening. Furthermore, this allowed operators in both the agricultural and tourism sectors to reduce the labor costs of the durian orchard business and community-based tourism by about 30%, and in the energy sector, the costs could be reduced by 50%. As a consequence, this prototype would lead to the expansion and trial in durian orchards in the Eastern Economic Corridor area, which is an important economic area producing durian for export of the country.