Cosmological Concepts Research Articles

The meanings of Zheng 正 in the Daoist classics

ABSTRACT This article offers an interpretation of the concept of ‘zheng 正’ (correct, proper, straight) as it appears in Daodejing and Zhuangzi. My aim is to reveal and develop the contributions that the Daoist classics make to the traditional meaning of this key cosmological, epistemological, and ethical concept. While Laozi in some passages throws the meaning and existence of zheng into question, in other passages it appears to have an exalted role in the sagely life. Similarly, Zhuangzi rejects zheng where it carries connotations of artificial rigidity, but embraces the zheng that aligns with nature’s dynamism. Focus on this concept gives us an entry into broader themes in Daoist literature, and reveals zheng as an ideal of nature, knowledge, and normativity.

Modified multi-verse optimiser used for global optimisation

In this paper, modified version of multi-verse optimiser (MVO) was suggested and tested on numerical optimisation problems. MVO is an innovative optimisation approach which stimulated from the concepts of cosmology; they are named as white hole, black hole and wormhole. Mathematical modelling of this concept has been carried out to acquire exploitation, exploration and local search. Modification in MVO has been made by introducing concept of dynamic variation in population size (universe). Modified multi-verse optimiser (MMVO) was tested on 16 benchmark functions having different complexity. Statistical comparisons of other algorithms outcomes is depicted that MMVO performs better than other algorithms.

МУЛЬТИВЕРСУМ: ФІЛОСОФСЬКА РЕФЛЕКСІЯ НАД ТЕОРЕТИЧНИМИ ІДЕЯМИ ТА ЕМПІРИЧНИМИ ДАНИМИ

The cosmological conception of the Multiverse was formulated based on unitary gauge theories in the Physics of high energy. Theoretically expected, the quantum fluctuations of the original scalar field in a vacuum state and different variants of local symmetries breaking in the process of Early Universe expansion were the reasons for the cosmological idea of many possible worlds or Multiverse. Together with the inflationary cosmological model, these ideas successfully solved the problems of Big Bang theory with an explanation of observable quasi-Euclidean geometry in our world and isotropy and homogeneity of space on a mega-scale. New observational data, especially discovery of accelerative widening of space, so as the problem of dark matter and dark energy put for cosmology the new questions. These questions need to be philosophically comprehended. Professor Sergiy Krymsky offered an interesting understanding of the notion of "matter" in the situation of many worlds in the 80s. He considered each of the possible worlds as "matter, kept in its specificity", which existed in its own space and time with its set of elements, physical laws and constants. However, his considering the original vacuum state of scalar field as non-being is not satisfied because its heterogeneity defines further places for becoming of Galaxies. In this article, the author considers the ideas about the ontological status of the original state of the Early Universe in modern cosmological Multiverse theories and discusses the possible antinomies in these transcendental ideas and their difference from Kantian ones. Experience of solution the Kant’s antinomy in history of physics was taken into account. It was the second antinomy of discreetness / continuality. The solution was haven get in a way proposed by Kant, namely with empirical research and their theoretical explanations. Cosmological application of High Energy Physics gets it to transcendental ideas area, namely to the problem of our world becoming one of the possible worlds, just as a particular variant of first Kant's antinomy. However, formulation of antinomy connected with consideration of the ontological status of original state for becoming of our world has other categorical expressions than Kantian one. The front position belongs here to categories of possibility and actuality, which Kant did not include in the area of transcendental ideas, thinking that the contingency, connecting with possibility, must be changed by inevitable necessity in cognitive progress. On the contrary, contingency has the main place in modern cosmological scenarios, depending on multiple possibilities. So categories of possibility and actuality in the foundations of scientific theories need special attention. Now it touches upon at least two moments: the virtual particles as abstract objects of relativistic quantum theories and to the problem of understanding the ontological status of category "matter" in foundations of many world cosmology in the context of relations to categories "possibility", "actuality" and "reality".

ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ВИРТУАЛЬНЫЕ КОНКОРДАНСЫ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ДЛЯ ЭКСПЛИЦИРОВАНИЯ СУБЪЕКТИВНОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ АВТОРОВ ПОТАЕННЫХ ДАОССКИХ ТЕКСТОВ

The article reflects the experience of using a modern academic, instrumental and methodological base for the analysis and introduction into a wide research circulation of the poorly studied written monuments of the Supreme Purity (Shangqing) Taoist lineage, that reflect specific cosmological issues. The author believes that the modern academic base, prepared by the pioneering research works of Western scholars, supplemented by the outstanding achievements of Japanese and Chinese Sinology and signifi-cantly expanded by prominent Taiwanese researchers, combined with up-to-date digital tools for information analysis, makes it pos-sible to move on to a scrupulous study and translation of even the most secret scriptures of the early Supreme Purity Taoist lineage. The paper presents the results of a preliminary study of one of these texts, namely «Scripture on Dipper Transfer with Three Limits for Opening Heaven» (HY 1306). These results allow to conclude that in early Shangqing Taoism there was an integral system of cosmological concepts based on the special perception of the stars of the Northern Dipper (Big Dipper) and including the following components: a notion typologically comparable with the concept of “creative cosmogony” by Stanislav Lem, reflected in his “The New Cosmogony” («Alfred Testa “Nowa Kosmogonia”»); the notion of Multiple universes; ideas about the parallel universes; psy-chotechnical techniques of “time management”, and algorithms and procedures for “Chronotope travel”.

Differentiations of Nonlinear Functions Related to States in Magic(n), Cosmology and the Poincare Conjecture

Results for area differentiations and potential differentiations are related to concepts in cosmology, and to magic(n). The shapes of a sphere and other geometries will be discussed for 3 and higher dimensions and the Poincare conjecture is interpreted to fit in this scheme. The novelty of this research note is to relate fundamental concepts and findings of today, in order to calibrate the symbolism and mathematics. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2020-01-04-05 Full Text: PDF

Symbols and semantics of the epithet in the Xingjiang Oirat version of the epic “Jangar”

The epic style is characterized by an abundance of constant epithets, which give the narration a peculiar decorating flavor and typifying-idealizing character, without which it is impossible to build an expressive artistic image. The specificity of the folklore-epic epithet lies in the operation of the fund of canonized and traditional definitions that fix the ideal and typical feature of an image or object. In this regard, one of the urgent problems is the symbolism and semantics of the epithet, embedded in the semantic structure of the word and revealed in the epic formulaic combinations of the epithet with the defined words. The methodological basis of the research is the methods and approaches in the study of epic poetics and stylistics, developed by A.N. Veselovsky and V.M. Zhirmunsky. The study examines the symbolic meanings of the epithets of the Xinjiang Oirat version of the epic «Jangar», which characterize the main objects and concepts of the epic world: space and time, heroes and antipodes, objects, things and attributes, in the context of ethnocultural and mytho-epic traditions. Epic eventual time (initial, distant, precious) correlates with the mythological time of the first creation, and the sacred image of the epic mountain (Sizo-White Mountain) is transmitted through the epithet (white), and is associated with the cult of mountains and ancestors. Ethnocultural symbolism of the epithet reflects traditional general Mongolian views. The concept of «rich nomadic» means countless herds of cattle and herds of horses grazing in the vast vast expanses, and the «snow-white headquarters-yurt» of the ruler symbolizes the well-being and happiness of the owner. The semantics of color epithets is specific in the epic «Jangar». So, white is sacral, yellow has solar origins, black is inherent in the enemy world and epic antipodes, red is the color of blood and confrontation, «the hero’s fighting frenzy», and is also a symbol of life and beauty. The symbolism of gold means the highest value and is associated with an epic ruler. The epic country of Bumba (North Bumbai country) appears as a Buddhist mythical Shambhala, localized in the north, also identified with the mainland Zambutib (Golden Zambutib). As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that understanding the deep level of the epic text of the Xinjiang Oirat tradition and understanding the epic picture of the world is based on comprehending the universally significant symbols of the ethnocultural tradition. The sacred symbolism of the epithet reflects ancient archaic-mythological ideas and pre-Buddhist beliefs. The semantics of the epithet also expresses Buddhist cosmological concepts. The principles and approaches, as well as the results, can be applied to solve research problems of a comparative typological plan.

Poe's “Eureka,” Erasmus Darwin, and Discourses of Radical Science in Britain and America, 1770–1850

Poe's “Eureka,” Erasmus Darwin, and Discourses of Radical Science in Britain and America, 1770–1850

COSMIC OUTLOOK IN SOME WORSHIP RITUALS OF THE EDE PEOPLE IN BUON MA THUOT

For the Ede people, the universe is a combination of three horizons, including the upper sky, middle ground and lower ground. On those three horizons, gods reside and dominate almost activities in the daily life of the Ede people. The concepts of the Ede's cosmology are imbued with idealistic thought, it personalizes all phenomena and things surrounding human life. Therefore, Ede people always think that humans were male and female. Besides, in the universe of Ede, sevenis always a sacred and wonderful number because it is believed to give people warmth and peace. All these things are expressed almost comprehensively and completely in the worshiping ritual of the Ede people, hence the study of the cosmic outlook in the Ede people’s worship ritual is meaningful regarding theory and reality in preserving and promoting values in the cultural identity of the Ede people in Buon Ma Thuot in the current context, when the increasingly strong globalization in Vietnam has influenced the cultural identity of this ethnic group to change under the trend of gradual fading.

Cosmologia e ética

O presente artigo tem como ponto de partida a investigação de como um sistema cosmológico específico pode determinar um sistema ético e moral específico. Demonstraremos isso através de uma análise da crítica do filósofo italiano Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) ao descobrimento da América em seu livro De Triplice Immenso et Mensura (1591). Bruno insere o problema da descoberta da América como uma descoberta semelhante aos novos feitos celestes de sua época, nos quais a visão apocalíptica da América poderia ser julgada como resultado de uma falsa cosmologia e antropologia, uma errônea concepção das relações humanas com a divindade.
 Na primeira parte apresentaremos o efeito nefasto decorrente de um princípio errado, ou seja, a conquista da América sob dois pontos centrais. Primeiro, como Cristovão Colombo inseriu a descoberta da América no esquema apocalíptico do final dos tempos. Segundo, apresentaremos alguns pontos que foram o cerne do debate na Europa do século XVI sobre se os povos indígenas deviam ou não serem escravizados e convertidos ao cristianismo através de relatos da disputa de Valladollid .
 Numa segunda parte, apresentamos o princípio de tal efeito nefasto segundo Bruno, ou seja, a cosmologia e filosofia natural de Aristóteles no De Caelo.
 A terceira parte, a qual daremos maior ênfase, expõe a crítica de Giordano Bruno no De Immenso (1592), obra cosmológica, onde o filósofo argumenta contra a cosmologia aristotélica. Nosso foco é em como Bruno constrói um argumento filosófico em que uma concepção cosmológica errada de um cosmos fechado, hierárquica, ordenada do mais denso ao imaterial, resulta num sistema ético violento e injusto, uma moral que idealiza um lugar literalmente mais “alto”, o céu dos deuses, e um lugar literalmente mais baixo, morada dos corpos perenes e dos seres pecadores, nossa morada.

Circular Antenna Array Synthesis Using Multiverse Optimizer

Antenna array synthesis is one of the most popular topics in the electromagnetic field. Since achieving a desired antenna radiation pattern is a mathematical problem, in the literature, there are various optimization algorithms applied to the synthesis process of different kinds of antenna arrays. In this study, Multiverse Optimizer (MVO) and modified MVO (MMVO) are used to perform circular antenna array (CAA) synthesis. During the exploration, exploitation, and local search phases of calculation, MVO uses three concepts in cosmology; white hole, black hole, and wormhole. Convergence capability of this nature-inspired algorithm is employed for finding optimum amplitude and position values of CAA elements in order to achieve an array pattern with low maximum sidelobe level (MSL) and minimum circumference. The performance of MVO and MMVO was tested on five design examples of pattern synthesis, and the obtained results were compared with ten different algorithms. The simulation results show that MVO and MMVO provide low MSLs with small circumferences.

Discussing Javanese House Using Vitruvius Theory

Javanese House is well-known as one of the significant vernacular architecture Indonesia which is built by indigenous people. The local builder holds on the philosophical and cosmological concept for the spatial plan arrangement of the Javanese house. Each space has its proper function and meaning which is reflected from the society and culture of Java. Javanese architecture has been used on the human scale as its proportion design that gives both aesthetic and symbolic dimension. In addition to the aesthetic and functional value of Javanese house, the indigenous builder builds their house by using their traditional construction method, which is known as teknologi tepat guna. This construction method is not only appropriate to their local availability of material and environment but also have high strength and durability. The vernacular architecture of Java is the product of indigenous people from many times of trials and errors. The aim of this study is to discuss how do indigenous people of Java interpret the Vitruvius theory into their Javanese house. This final design might show that the local builder has followed the application of Vitruvius theory: Firmitas (strength), Utilitas (functionality), and Venustas (beauty).

KOSMOLOGI DALAM TAFSIR AL-IBRIZ KARYA BISRI MUSTAFA: RELASI TUHAN, ALAM DAN MANUSIA

Cosmology in Javanese perspevtive has big implications to directing the whole concept of its action. This concept animates in every Javanese perception and action when viewing the world, including in the area of interpretation of the Qur’an. One book that consistently presents its identity as a Javanese exegesis is al-Ibri>z by Bisri Mustafa. On that basis, this study aims to find the concept of cosmology in the interpretation of al-Ibri>z . Based on this aims, this research uses descriptive analysis method with the type of literature study. This study also uses data analysis techniques using the hermeneutics method by Hans-Goerg Gadamer. This study found that the relationship between God, nature and humans in the interpretation of al-Ibri>z depicted from human actions in the real world. Humans as the center of the real world, have an obligation to maintain and use the world as possible. As a consequence of this, humans must constantly carry out worship to God and maintain relationships with other humans. The action is an attempt to maintain the balance and peace of their lives in the real world which also has implications in the afterlife.

Narrando a própria morte: os relatos de experiências de quase-morte como narrativas de sentido

A morte é um fenômeno que revela importantes aspectos socioculturais. As ciências sociais, em especial a antropologia, já demonstraram o potencial desse fenômeno para além dos seus aspectos biológicos. Neste artigo, a morte serve de tema para a reflexão sobre experiências, narrativas e sentidos. Com base emrelatos de Experiências de Quase-Morte (EQM), o autor descreve como são construídas narrativas de sentidos, como novos arranjos emocionais e cognitivos são expressos narrativamente e como muito da cultura é compartilhada pelo que se diz. Nesse sentido, o argumento central deste artigo consiste em compreender como um fenômeno biológico, no presente caso, a morte, é ressignificado, ganhando novos contornos e aspectos essencialmente culturais. Evidencia-se ao fim, que as narrativas de quase-morte sãorelatos que guardam relações importantes com as concepções cosmológicas, envolvendo aspectos como memória, percepção simbólica e padrões emocionais. Entrevistas em profundidade compõem o material teórico do artigo.

The vitality of vitalism in contemporary anthropology: Longing for an ever green tree of life

This article aims to unravel the lines that have carried the cosmological conception of ‘life’ in Western culture into our times, and to explore how this trajectory illuminates current philosophical and anthropological thought. Since the 18th-century vitalism has been a major arena of discussion about the phenomena of nature and life, in parallel with broader romantic emphases on flux, totality, dialectics, and preserving the embeddedness of nature and culture, or things and people. Distinguishing between life as the phenomenological experience of existence and the cosmological conception of the vital condition is central to my argument. I focus upon the latter dimension to show that awareness of the long-range history and present complexity of those conceptions contributes to the contextualization of the contemporary interest in life.

Communicating cosmology with multisensory metaphorical experiences

We present a novel approach to communicating abstract concepts in cosmology and astrophysics in a more accessible and inclusive manner. We describe an exhibit aiming at creating an immersive, multisensory metaphorical experience of an otherwise imperceptible physical phenomenon — dark matter. Human-Computer Interaction experts and physicists co-created a multisensory journey through dark matter by exploiting the latest advances in haptic and olfactory technology. We present the concept design of a pilot and a second, improved event, both held at the London Science Museum, including the practical setup of the multisensory dark matter experience, the delivery of sensory stimulation and preliminary insights from users' feedback.

Stones Alive!

Abstract This article explores the significance of stone in Southeast Asia, arguing that within the animistic ontologies of the region stone is a central cosmological concept. Stone, for the people of this region, is a locus of sentience, expressed through the presence of spirits. Cosmic power, which is equivalent to vital force, is believed to flow through the cosmos, flowing fastest in water and coalescing in stone. Stone is a source of power and life and is associated with origins and ancestors; the placing of stone is associated with status and becoming a significant ancestor. Southeast Asian ontologies, which regard the material world as made up of a constant flow of cosmic power, closely identified with life itself, do not separate mind and matter and see stone as alive. Stone is a lens through which we can view these ontologies and perhaps even question our own.

Cosmological Concepts Astrophysical Extension of Non-Interactive Mechanics

Cosmological Concepts Astrophysical Extension of Non-Interactive Mechanics

Jagad Ageng and Jagad Alit In Traditional Kayons

Kayon is a shadow puppet character who symbolizes the world. In the Java world, there are two types of world concepts, namely the jagad ageng and the jagad alit. This study aims to examine the concepts of jagad ageng and jagad alit which are symbolized by the traditional kayons in purwa shadow puppets. The focus of this research study is to reveal the existence of Kayon Blumbangan and Kayon Gapuran as traditional kayons that have world essence, namely the jagad ageng and the jagad alit. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the existence and essence of Kayon Blumbangan and Kayon Gapuran as traditional kayons that store the concepts of jagad ageng and jagad alit. The method used in this research is iconography. Form theory which is divided into fields and ornament will become the main scalpel in analyzing the existence of Kayon Blumbangan and Kayon Gapuran. This research results that Kayon Blumbangan and Kayon Gapuran have the same shape structure with different widths of fields. The ornamental elements that form the kayon of the two traditional kayon are basically the same, namely forming four elements, including fire, water, wind, and earth. The four elements are the elements that make up the jagad ageng and the jagad alit. So, Kayon Blumbangan and Kayon Gapuran have a symbol of cosmological concepts regarding the concepts of jagad ageng and jagad alit.

A unique Solo City

A city is a unique artifact that has meaning in the form of sites, events, and signs. Solo City should be seen as a place with cultural value, with a residential function and as an articulation of physical form. The development of the city must consider its unique conditions. The cultural values of the community must be considered while the elements of the city, functionally are synergistic and link resources and carrying capacity of the environment. Therefore, this paper addresses the question of what the city of Solo’s distinctive pattern of place, inhabitation and articulationis. The study used a qualitative descriptive method. It found that the city of Solo has experienced a change in cultural values; from mystic and utopian to realistic and pragmatic. The increase in economic activities is marked by the availability of facilities. The urban spatial structure of Solo was initially planned for the interests of transportation and defense by taking into account the concept of cosmology. Currently, Solo City has developed into a built environmentfor many activities. The city’s pattern of urban spatial changes is in line with its development dynamics.

Ο χορός ως αντικείμενο επιστημονικής έρευνας και φιλοσοφίας. Προλεγόμενα

The art of dance is now studied in the sciences and philosophy. From the time of the ancient Greek thinkers to the modern era, dance has never ceased to be considered a way of expressing multiple potentialities of culture. The way that man danced in history is also a reflection on every era of man's relationship with nature, the universe and social structures.By selecting the most significant of all references to dance that the modern reader may encounter today, we locate the wealth and variety of information and approaches as well as the interdisciplinary nature of the studies provided. However, both the historical as well as the literary sources and the more recent ethnological and anthropological approaches do not cease to remain in an informational and encyclopedic field, without completing the theoretical explanation and understanding of the phenomenon unless and until specific philosophical questions are answered. These latter ones have to do with the identity of dance experience – based on data about the nature of learning, the relation of dance to language, science or sciences (history, philology, natural sciences), metaphysics and cosmology, the functionality and applicability of dance uses in society, religion and politics. Even the meaning of dance itself or the aesthetic principles as well as the moral and educational values of the ancient dance activity fall within traditional areas of philosophical contemplation or at least are not sufficiently systematized in the direction of methodical research unless they are subject to philosophical inquiry. We will focus on those facts which can show that orchesis/dance is treated by philosophy as an anthropological and at the same time cosmological concept referring to the relation of the human being to its inner psyche and to the environment. The "intelligence" of ancient Greek dance culture that has unfolded over many centuries, in various shapes and types of music poetry, but also with a rich social, educational and therapeutic functionality, is yet another discovery of the Greeks from their earliest history.