Components Of Cosmetics Research Articles

Effects and Detection Methods of Potential Toxic Chemicals in Cosmetics: Metals, Phenoxyethanol and Aloe Vera

Cosmetics are widely used, but some components can be toxic at a certain dose. Thus, it is emerging to understand the toxic chemicals in cosmetics and their potential impact. This review introduces common cosmetics components with toxicity including metals, phenoxyethanol and Aloe vera. Toxic effects include some local effects, such as osteomalacia caused by metals, eye irritation, skin irritation and allergy caused by phenoxyethanol, as well as colonic mucosa caused by Aloe vera. Toxic chemicals in cosmetics are usually absorbed via the skin, and degraded in liver, then exerted through kidney and forceps. Methods to determine potential toxins includes determining heavy metals in skin-whitening cosmetics, fluorescence-based assay and the first voltametric method of phenoxyethanol determination. Future research may focus on exploring the effects of accumulation of toxic components and mechanisms of the toxicities to prevent toxic effects, as well as improving the efficiency of testing to better monitor the commercial cosmetics.

The Role of Singlet Oxygen in Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity of Curcumin.

Curcumin is a plant-derived yellow-orange compound widely used as a spice, dye and food additive. It is also believed to have therapeutic effects against different disorders. On the other hand, there are data showing its phototoxicity against bacteria, fungi and various mammalian cells. Since the mechanism of its phototoxic action is not fully understood, we investigated here the phototoxic potential of curcumin in liposomal model membranes and in HaCaT cells. First, detection of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) luminescence proved that curcumin generates 1 O2 upon blue light irradiation in organic solvent and in liposomes. Then, HPLC-EC(Hg) measurements revealed that liposomal and cellular cholesterol is oxidized by 1 O2 photogenerated by curcumin. Enrichment of liposome membranes with curcumin significantly increased the oxygen photo-consumption rate compared to the control liposomes as determined by EPR oximetry. Cytotoxicity measurements, mitochondrial membrane potential analyses and protein hydroperoxides detection confirmed strong phototoxic effects of curcumin in irradiated HaCaT cells. These data show that since curcumin is advertised as a valuable dietary supplement, or a component of cosmetics for topical use, caution should be recommended especially when skin is exposed to light.

Investigation of the characteristics of Zn-Al layered double hydroxides, intercalated with natural dyes from spices, as a cosmetic pigments

Pigments are the main components of cosmetics, which determine both toxicity and consumer color characteristics. Zn-Al layered double hydroxides intercalated with anionic food dyes are promising pigments. The best sources of dyes for intercalation are natural ones. The most promising are spices. Natural dyes from spices are often biologically active substances. The parameters of samples of Zn-Al (Zn:Al=3:1) hydroxides intercalated with natural food dyes, synthesized in the medium of aqueous tinctures of saffron and safflower, were studied. The crystal structure of the samples was studied by X-ray phase analysis; color characteristics were studied by spectroscopy and calculation of parameters in the CIE L*a*b system. The possibility of synthesizing Zn-Al colored layered double hydroxides intercalated with natural dyes in the medium of saffron and safflower tinctures was shown. X-ray phase analysis showed that both pigment samples were layered double hydroxides with the α-Zn(OH)2 structure. For the pigment intercalated with saffron dye, the phenomenon of partial decomposition of Zn-Al LDH to ZnO during synthesis was revealed. The color characteristics of the samples were studied. Zn-Al LDH pigment synthesized in a saffron tincture had a bright yellow color determined by intercalated saffron carotenoids (crocin and crocetin). It was suggested that safflower dye flavonoids were partially hydrolyzed (red ones - cartamine and cartamidine, and yellow - Safflor Yellow A), which led to the formation of a dark orange-brown color of the sample. The prospects of using Zn-Al LDH intercalated with saffron food dyes as a cosmetic pigment were shown

Cream as a Drug Delivery System for Topical Diseases

Creams are a type of pharmaceutical product used for daily skin care, as well as medicated and non-medicated applications. It is also regarded as a vital component of cosmetics. When the dosage form is creams, the route of delivery is the skin. The rate of medication absorption and penetration is influenced by a variety of factors in the skin. The topical medication delivery system is a method of delivering drugs to the skin. Topical medication administration has the advantage of bypassing first-pass metabolism, hydrating the skin, and providing emollient qualities. Creams are viscous or semisolid emulsions that come in O/W or W/O dosage forms and have a viscosity that changes depending on the quantities of oil and water in them. In terms of functions and qualities, there is a vast range of creams available. Pharmaceutical creams are used for a range of purposes, including cleansing, beautifying, hydrating, and protecting against bacteria and fungi, as well as treating skin wounds. Water, fats, waxes, emollients, colors, scents, and other common ingredients are employed in the creation of practically every cream, resulting in a standard formulation. There are various evaluation parameters available for creams which help the product to match its standard quality eg. pH, viscosity, stability, spreadability, etc.

Product Ingredient Analysis

Abstract: Whenever I want to try something new, it is very difficult to choose. Sometimes it's scary because new things I've never tried end up giving me a skin problem. We know that the information we need is behind each product, but it is really difficult to define that ingredient list unless you are a pharmacist. You may relate to this situation. So instead of buying and trusting the best, why not use data science to help us predict what might be right? We will create a content-based recommendation system where the content will be the chemical components of cosmetics. Specifically, we will process a list of 1472 cosmetic ingredients in sephora using WORD EMBEDDING, and visualize the similarity of the ingredient using a machine learning method called t-SNE and a collaborative library called Bokeh. In a world focused on the need to sell a large growing number of goods, quality, visual appearance, texture, taste, taste etc. it becomes an important factor in supporting the development of the global economy. As a result, different types of food additives have been developed and are still being developed and used to achieve those purposes. Next, the purpose of this paper is to introduce the design and implementation of a new software package for embedded systems that can support the customer in the food purchasing system. The advanced software package works on the platform and uses the cloud optical character (NLP) MACHINE learning algorithm. The details related to the product you are interested in and provided on request to customers are: name and product ingredients code, risks associated with each food supplement, source of each food component, soap, limit of daily use. and side effects, dietary restrictions etc. Technology: NLP(Natural Language Processing)

Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition andAntibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of theEssential Oils from Chrysanthemum morifolium ofDifferent Flowering Stages and Different Parts

The inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., a well-known traditional Chinese herb, has been proved to have a certain inhibitory effect on some bacteria; however, its main components and acne bacteria inhibition effect remain to be elucidated. In this study, GC-MS was used to analyze the components of different flowering stages and different parts and to study the inhibitory effects of six essential oils on S. aureus and P. acnes and their alleviating effects on THP-1 cell inflammation. GC-MS combined with relative retention index method analyzed results stated that the 5 samples of C. morifolium to detect the 124 kinds of volatile components, including (E)-tibetin spiroether, are first detected in the volatile oil of the C. morifolium, and the content of (E)-tibetin spiroether is higher in immature inflorescence of C. morifolium and decreases as it extends its flowering period. Furthermore, the research results of inhibiting common acne-causing bacteria showed that the bacteriostatic effect of essential oils from JH at different flowering stages was better than that from JM and TJ, while the bacteriostatic effect of essential oil from stem and leaf of C. morifolium (SLC) at different parts was better than the roots of C. morifolium (RC). Finally, it was proved that the essential oil from SLC and C. morifolium could alleviate the inflammation of THP-1 cells induced by P. acnes. In conclusion, the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of C. morifolium essential oil may be related to heterospiroolefins compounds, and the antibacterial activity decreases with the prolongation of flowering stage. It was suggested that volatile oil from C. morifolium and SLC could be used as effective components of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory cosmetics.

Sustainable Green Processing of Grape Pomace Using Micellar Extraction for the Production of Value-Added Hygiene Cosmetics.

This study sought to evaluate the possibility of using grape pomace, a waste material from wine production, for the preparation of cosmetic components. Following the existing clear research trend related to improving the safety of cleansing cosmetics, an attempt was made to determine the possibility of preparing model shower gels based on grape pomace extract. A new method for producing cosmetic components named loan chemical extraction (LCE) was developed and is described for the first time in this paper. In the LCE method, an extraction medium consisting only of the components from the final product was used. Thus, there were no additional substances in the cosmetics developed, and the formulation was significantly enriched with compounds isolated from grape pomace. Samples of the model shower gels produced were evaluated in terms of their basic parameters related to functionality (e.g., foaming properties, rheological characteristics, color) and their effect on the skin. The results obtained showed that the extracts based on waste grape pomace contained a number of valuable cosmetic compounds (e.g., organic acids, phenolic compounds, amino acids and sugars), and the model products basis on them provided colorful and safe natural cosmetics.

Assessment of the knowledge of clients of beauty salons about treatments with the use of hyaluronic acid and their impact on skin revitalization

Skin aging is a natural, physiological and inevitable process. Today, many women strive to keep their young appearance as long as possible. The knowledge of women about the factors accelerating or slowing down the aging process of the skin is growing. Hyaluronic acid is a substance widely used in modern cosmetology and is one of the most valued on the aesthetic market due to its high biocompatibility and low toxicity. It maintains proper hydration, a healthy and youthful appearance of the skin. It occurs naturally in the human body and other living organisms and it is a crucial element of both cosmetic and aesthetic medicine treatments. Hyaluronic acid is a component of cosmetics used externally in preparations intended for home care. Therapies with HA support the counteraction against such skin defects as wrinkles, dry skin, loss of skin elasticity and firmness, scars, stretch marks, cellulite, burns, and wounds. Women are aware of the effects of hyaluronic acid on the skin. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge of clients of beauty salons about treatments with the use of hyaluronic acid and their impact on skin revitalization. The study was achieved by conducting a proprietary questionnaire checking the knowledge of female respondents about hyaluronic acid and its use in anti-aging therapy. By analyzing the obtained results, it can be concluded that women have basic knowledge of hyaluronic acid.

High-Level Production of Isoleucine and Fusel Alcohol by Expression of the Feedback Inhibition-Insensitive Threonine Deaminase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

ABSTRACTA variety of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with intracellular accumulation of isoleucine (Ile) would be a promising strain for developing a distinct kind of sake, a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage, because Ile-derived volatile compounds have a great impact on the flavor and taste of fermented foods. In this study, we isolated an Ile-accumulating mutant (strain K9-I48) derived from a diploid sake yeast of S. cerevisiae by conventional mutagenesis. Strain K9-I48 carries a novel mutation in the ILV1 gene encoding the His480Tyr variant of threonine deaminase (TD). Interestingly, the TD activity of the His480Tyr variant was markedly insensitive to feedback inhibition by Ile, but was not upregulated by valine, leading to intracellular accumulation of Ile and extracellular overproduction of 2-methyl-1-butanol, a fusel alcohol derived from Ile, in yeast cells. The present study demonstrated for the first time that the conserved histidine residue located in a linker region between two regulatory domains is involved in allosteric regulation of TD. Moreover, sake brewed with strain K9-I48 contained 2 to 3 times more 2-methyl-1-butanol and 2-methylbutyl acetate than sake brewed with the parent strain. These findings are valuable for the engineering of TD to increase the productivity of Ile and its derived fusel alcohols.IMPORTANCE Fruit-like flavors of isoleucine-derived volatile compounds, 2-methyl-1-butanol (2MB) and its acetate ester, contribute to a variety of the flavors and tastes of alcoholic beverages. Besides its value as aroma components in foods and cosmetics, 2MB has attracted significant attention as second-generation biofuels. Threonine deaminase (TD) catalyzes the first step in isoleucine biosynthesis and its activity is subject to feedback inhibition by isoleucine. Here, we isolated an isoleucine-accumulating sake yeast mutant and identified a mutant gene encoding a novel variant of TD. The variant TD exhibited much less sensitivity to isoleucine, leading to higher production of 2MB as well as isoleucine than the wild-type TD. Furthermore, sake brewed with a mutant yeast expressing the variant TD contained more 2MB and its acetate ester than that brewed with the parent strain. These findings will contribute to the development of superior industrial yeast strains for high-level production of isoleucine and its related fusel alcohols.

Chemical properties of Helix aspersa mucus as a component of cosmetics and pharmaceutical products

Snail mucus is widespread component in modern pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, so the chemical analyses of samples, obtaining from different breeding snail species remain of current interest. The samples of native snail mucus and lyophilized ones obtained from one Ukrainian farm company breeding Helix aspersa, were analyzed. Indices defined in the samples of native mucus are: pH = 8.2, the moisture content is 98,43%. In water-soluble fraction presence of complex proteins was determined by the Biuret test, the obtained index is 24.33 g/L. Mineral ash content in native snail mucus was determined as 0.58%, and 27.25% in the lyophilised samples. Elemental analysis of ash residue by X-ray spectral method showed mass content of main minerals such as Cl (64.7%), Ca (18,1%), K (6.5%), S (5,7%), P (2,6%), Mg (1,7%).

Eyelid defect reconstruction

Eyelid reconstruction remains one of the more challenging areas of the face to reconstruct due to its dynamic complexity. They play an essential role in protecting the globe, forming a barrier against trauma, excessive light, and pumping tears towards the nasolacrimal duct system. A critical understanding of the anatomy and soft tissue reconstructive options is essential to properly reconstruct the eyelid and maintain the functional and cosmetic components.

A Review on Cosmetics Causing Conatct Urticaria.

Physical appearance is more strongly pursued than ever in today's world and is considered to provide confidence, success and self-esteem. Cosmetics are the important product in beauty market and their growth is unstoppable. It is estimated that about 95% of women and 75% of men were daily using cosmetics. Despite the considerable use of cosmetics, most people are unaware of its adverse reactions. Urticaria is severe as well as the most common adverse reaction caused by cosmetics. Major cosmetics that cause urticaria include fragrance, preservatives, hair care products, lip plumbers, plant- and animal-derived products, bindi or kumkum, nail cosmetics, glycol peel, permanent makeup and tattoos, etc. This review provides a brief explanation of the cosmetic components that cause urticaria.

Micro-Mesoporous Carbons from Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Enabling High-Capacity Silicon Anodes and Sulfur Cathodes for Lithiated Si-S Batteries.

Manufactured globally on industrial scale, cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharides produced by enzymatic conversion of starch. Their typical structure of truncated cone can host a wide variety of guest molecules to create inclusion complexes; indeed, we daily use CD as unseen components of food, cosmetics, textiles and pharmaceutical excipients. The synthesis of active material composites from CD resources can enable or enlarge the effective utilization of these products in the battery industry with some economical as well as environmental benefits. New and simple strategies are here presented for the synthesis of nanostructured silicon and sulfur composite materials with carbonized hyper cross-linked CD (nanosponges) that show satisfactory performance as high-capacity electrodes. For the sulfur cathode, the mesoporous carbon host limits polysulfide dissolution and shuttle effects and guarantees stable cycling performance. The embedding of silicon nanoparticles into the carbonized nanosponge allows to achieve high capacity and excellent cycling performance. Moreover, due to the high surface area of the silicon composite, the characteristics at the electrode/electrolyte interface dominate the overall electrochemical reversibility, opening a detailed analysis on the behavior of the material in different electrolytes. We show that the use of commercial LP30 electrolyte causes a larger capacity fade, and this is associated with different solid electrolyte interface layer formation and it is also demonstrated that fluoroethylene carbonate addition can significantly increase the capacity retention and the overall performance of our nanostructured Si/C composite in both ether-based and LP30 electrolytes. As a result, an integration of the Si/C and S/C composites is proposed to achieve a complete lithiated Si-S cell.

Characterization of Fatty Acids, Polysaccharides, Amino Acids, and Minerals in Marine Macroalga Chaetomorpha crassa and Evaluation of Their Potentials in Skin Cosmetics.

Cosmetic industries are highly committed to finding natural sources of functional active constituents preferable to safer materials to meet consumers’ demands. Marine macroalgae have diversified bioactive constituents and possess potential benefits in beauty care products. Hence, the present study was carried out to characterize the biochemical profile of marine macroalga Chaetomorpha crassa by using different techniques for revealing its cosmetic potentials. In results, the FTIR study characterized the presence of different bioactive functional groups that are responsible for many skin-beneficial compounds whereas six and fifteen different important phycocompounds were found in GCMS analysis of ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively. In the saccharide profile of C. crassa, a total of eight different carbohydrate derivatives were determined by the HRLCMS Q-TOF technique, which showed wide varieties of cosmetic interest. In ICP AES analysis, Si was found to be highest whereas Cu was found to be lowest among other elements. A total of twenty-one amino acids were measured by the HRLCMS-QTOF technique, which revealed the highest amount of the amino acid, Aspartic acid (1207.45 nmol/mL) and tyrosine (106.77 nmol/mL) was found to be the lowest in amount among other amino acids. Their cosmetic potentials have been studied based on previous research studies. The incorporation of seaweed-based bioactive components in cosmetics has been extensively growing due to its skin health-promoting effects.

Extraction of salicylic acid from wastewater using ionic liquid-based green emulsion liquid membrane: COSMO-RS prediction and experimental verification

Salicylic acid is an important component in cosmetics and skincare products and is widely found in aqueous streams as waste material. The present study reported the extraction of salicylic acid from wastewaters using a new technique termed as ‘ionic liquid-based emulsion liquid membrane’ (IL-ELM). Ionic liquids were introduced as carriers in IL-ELMs to enhance the emulsion stability. COSMO-RS simulation tool was employed to identify the effective IL among the 45 ILs composed of different cations and anions. It was found that IL [TMAm][Cl] (tetramethylammonium chloride) was found to be the most effective extracting agent for the extraction of salicylic acid that possesses the higher capacity, selectivity and lower activity coefficient towards analyte molecules. The COSMO-RS prediction results were in good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, this study optimized several operating conditions, including surfactant concentration, stripping agent concentration, IL concentration, emulsification time, homogenization speed and extraction time that affected the extraction efficiency. Overall, the proposed IL-ELM showed 90.04% extraction efficiency for salicylic acid under the optimized conditions of 0.005 M NaOH as stripping agent, 1.0 wt% Span-20 as emulsifier, 0.2 wt% [TMAm][Cl], 4000 rpm homogenization speed, 3:1 treat ratio and 25 min of extraction time.

Main Carotenoids Produced by Microorganisms

Carotenoids are the pigments present in plants, animals, and microorganisms which are responsible for a broad variety of colors found in nature. Their capacity as antioxidants mainly established their marketable success as health, food, and feed supplements, and cosmetics components. Currently, chemical synthesis dominates the worldwide market; however, due to the high biological value of natural carotenoids, the production scheme is moving towards microbial production as a profitable alternative.

Health Effects of Dyes, Minerals, and Vitamins Used in Cosmetics

The average woman uses 12 different cosmetic products every day, but they can have a negative effect on human health. Therefore, in recent years, consumer preferences have changed towards buying natural or ecological cosmetics free from preservatives or unnecessary dyes. The aim of this work is to discuss the use of dyes, minerals, and vitamins in cosmetics in terms of their safety and impact on human health. These substances are very important in the cosmetics industry. Most of them are of natural origin. Some minerals used in the production of face masks or creams are recommended to work against inflammations such as ulcers and acne. Clay minerals have exceptional qualities, among others, low or no toxicity and high bio-compatibility. However, some of them may be harmful. For example, the safety of using talc has been widely debated in recent years. Cosmetic-grade talc cannot contain detectable fibrous asbestos minerals. Moreover, talc should not be applied to the skin when the epidermal barrier is missing or significantly disrupted. The use of talc in cosmetic products in the European Union is restricted. Vitamins are one of the most commonly used, biologically active, and easily accessible components in cosmetics. For example, provitamin B5 (D-panthenol) is a bioactive substance. In cosmetic preparations, it has a softening, repairing, and anti-inflammatory effect and is responsible for regulating sebum secretion. However, some vitamins may be harmful to human health. For example, the use of skin-whitening cosmetics containing vitamin C causes allergic contact dermatitis, whereas the most common adverse effect of topical use of vitamin A is skin irritation, erythema, and peeling. Dyes, which are used to color cosmetics, do not improve the condition of the skin, hair, or nails. Some of them may be harmful to human health. For example, the dye CI 60730 (Acid Violet 43) is prohibited for use in eye products and cosmetics that have contact with mucous membranes. In conclusion, some of the popular cosmetic ingredients discussed in this paper may exert a negative influence on human health, and many of these harmful effects have been discovered recently. Therefore, there is a need for further studies on the possible negative effects of dyes, minerals, and vitamins used in cosmetic products.

A phytopharmacological review on an important indigenous medicinal plant Hyoscyamus gallagheri

Since the ancient time, medicinal plants play a central role in the day-to-day life of humankind as crucial additive agents in foods, drinks and drugs and also as components in perfumes and cosmetics. The nutritional, pharmacological, biological and toxicological properties of the medicinal plants also have extensive applications. Globally, the majority of people nowadays rely on alternative and complementary medicines as safe sources for the treatment of various ailments obtained from natural sources. Plenty of plant and marine sources are available worldwide including the Sultanate of Oman with notable medicinal values. Hyoscyamus gallagheri ( H. gallagheri ), is one of the leafy plants grown in the desert areas of the Sultanate of Oman which belongs to the family of Solanaceae. Omanis have used the selected plant species traditionally to increase hair density, hair fall, dental pain, relieve snake bite, scorpion sting pain, motion sickness, asthma and cough. This plant is considered as a new species because still now there is no evidence on phytochemicals, pharmacological and toxicological studies available of the selected species. Previously, our group from Nizwa University has conducted two studies on the pharmacological and phytochemicals of the selected plant species and the results showed that the plant extracts contain different groups of phytochemicals, which possess notable biological activity. This present review is to summarize the updated scientific information available on the selected plant species grown in Oman. Therefore, the main objective of this current review is to compare and contrast the morphology, toxicity, pharmacological activity, phytochemicals, potential uses with other species belong to this family including the selected plant species of H. gallagheri . In conclusion, the raw plant materials, its crude extracts and isolated ingredients might be used as a novel therapeutic or herbal medicine to treat various ailments.

Evaluation of Marketing Components of Organic Cosmetics in terms of Sociodemographic Composition of Women Consumers

The study aims to examine the evaluations of female consumers in terms of the socio-demographic variables for the marketing components of organic cosmetics. The study is designed as quantitative research in the descriptive model. The main population of the study is the female consumers in Malatya province. 583 samples with population characteristics were found suitable for the research. The consumer evaluation survey for the marketing components of organic cosmetic products and the survey form containing the questions concerning the socio-demographic qualities of the consumers were used as the assessment instrument. The unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used in the data analysis. Significant differences were found between the socio-demographic qualities of the participants and their evaluations for the marketing components of organic cosmetics.

Chemical Characterization of Sambucus nigra L. Flowers Aqueous Extract and Its Biological Implications.

The main goal of this study was to chemically characterize an aqueous S. nigra flower extract and validate it as a bioactive agent. The elderflower aqueous extraction was performed at different temperatures (50, 70 and 90 °C). The extract obtained at 90 °C exhibited the highest phenolic content and antiradical activity. Therefore, this extract was analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-MS, which allowed the identification of 46 compounds, being quercetin and chlorogenic acid derivatives representative of 86% of the total of phenolic compounds identified in hydrophilic fraction of the aqueous extract. Naringenin (27.2%) was the major compound present in the lipophilic fraction. The antiproliferative effects of the S. nigra extract were evaluated using the colon cancer cell lines RKO, HCT-116, Caco-2 and the extract’s antigenotoxic potential was evaluated by the Comet assay in RKO cells. The RKO cells were the most susceptible to S. nigra flower extract (IC50 = 1250 µg mL−1). Moreover, the extract showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. These results show that S. nigra-based extracts can be an important dietary source of bioactive phenolic compounds that contribute to health-span improving life quality, demonstrating their potential as nutraceutical, functional foods and/or cosmetic components for therapeutic purposes.