Corruption In Countries Research Articles

Association between the environmental efficiency and corruption perception index: A dynamic alternative metafrontier SBM approach.

Corruption involves abuse of power and increases economic inequality, which may hinder progress toward achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 16.B. While some studies have examined the economic and environmental implications of corruption, the dynamic relationship between the environmental efficiency and different levels of corruption in different countries, while accounting for their respective geographical regions, has still not been fully explored. To address this gap, this study proposes a dynamic alternative which is meta-frontier slacks-based measure approach to investigate variations in environmental efficiency across different corruption levels while accounting for geographic regions. Empirical results reveal that the corruption perception index is associated with environmental efficiency, and that geographical region and government transparency are both determinants of environmental efficiency.

Determinants of Corrupt Economy: A Tobit Regression Analysis on G20 Countries in the 2012-2021 Period

This study aims to analyze the economic determinants of corruption in G20 member countries. Some of the economic factors that are thought to be the cause of corruption based on the author's literature review are GDP per capita, economic growth, inflation, and economic freedom. The data used in this study are annual data from 2012-2021 taken from the World Bank report and Heritage.org. The analysis technique used is Tobit regression with the help of the STATA version 17.0 program as the main research software to process the data of the research variables. The results showed that simultaneously (simultaneously) the independent variable of economic freedom had a significant and positive effect, while the variables of GDP per capita, economic growth, and inflation had an insignificant effect on the probability of corruption levels in the G20 member countries in 2012-2021.

Gendered Corruption: How Gender Norms Underpin Experiences of Corruption in Asian and Pacific Countries

Gendered Corruption: How Gender Norms Underpin Experiences of Corruption in Asian and Pacific Countries

How Do People Morally Judge Corruption? A Comparison Between the Netherlands and Indonesia

ABSTRACTExtant research on corruption has uncovered the important role of norms. Yet, little is known about how people view specific acts of corruption in countries that differ in the prevalence of corruption. The present research examines moral judgements of four different types of corrupt acts in a high‐ versus low‐corruption country, thereby providing a critical test of two opposing hypotheses. The descriptive norms approach predicts that citizens of a high‐corruption country will be morally more lenient than citizens of a low‐corruption country. The relative deprivation approach predicts the opposite, that citizens of a high‐corruption country will morally condemn corrupt acts stronger than citizens of a low‐corruption country. Drawing samples from the Netherlands and Indonesia (a low‐ vs. high‐corruption country), two experiments (total N = 477) show that Dutch participants are often more morally permissive towards corruption than Indonesians, although specific results varied for the four types of corruption. This largely supported the relative deprivation approach. In addition, Indonesian participants expressed more disappointment and anger towards corruption than Dutch participants. This research suggests that feeling deprived through regular corruption experiences leads people to condemn corrupt acts more strongly.

Enhancing Cross-Border Justice: Facilitating Asset Recovery from Corruption Between Indonesia and Australia Through Mutual Legal Assistance

The level of corruption crimes that are committed in today's society is growing from year to year, and it is accompanied by other types of criminal activity, such as the concealment of assets that result from corruption in other countries. In order to eradicate a variety of crimes that have a transnational character, particularly corruption, one of the actions that can be made is to take assets that have been developed due to corruption in other countries. This can be done through Mutual Legal Assistance. Regulations about MLA have been enacted due to the passage of Law Number 1 of 2006, which discusses providing mutual assistance in criminal matters. Mutual Legal Assistance is considered to be the first stage of law enforcement, particularly in the process of recovering state assets that have been stolen as a result of corruption crimes. As a result, cooperation with other nations is required, such as the cooperation between Indonesia and Australia, which aims to return state assets that have been stolen due to corruption crimes hidden in Australia.

Digital public governance and corruption: Analysis of a two-way relationship in Africa

The objective of this study is to assess the two-way relationship between the level of public sector digital governance and corruption in a sample of African countries. We use a multilevel mixed-effects regression model on data from the World Bank and Transparency International between 2020 and 2022. Previous literature has evaluated the effect of government digitization on institutional quality. However, because of the high level of corruption in African countries, this study is the first to also assess the effect of corruption on the development of digitized public governance systems. The results show that the development of digital governance has a significantly negative bidirectional relationship with corruption. All the digital governance indices have a negative relationship with the level of corruption. Despite this, corruption does not significantly affect the quality of the digital public service allocated and citizens’ commitment to using digital procedures.

Corruption and neo-colonialism in Latin America

Corruption is deemed one of the main drivers of development challenges in many countries, mainly in those territories that drag the shackles of colonialism. The roots of corruption in underdeveloped countries can be traced from Colonial times from South America, Asia to Africa the pattern seems to be repeated: populations subjugated to new masters, disenfranchised indigenous people, labour and sexual exploitation, brutal punishments for those who resisted colonial power were commune features for countries that experienced colonialism. Many of those power excesses have been recognised historically, however one of the most persistent element of Colonialism that survives until nowadays is corruption. The present text aims to shine a light on the relation of colonialism and corruption in Latin America. The hypothesis raised suggests that corruption was installed through colonialism in the Latin America region. The text is presented in three parts; the first one offers some historical considerations about European colonialism, the second one describes the strategies used by colonisers and the use of corruption as a tool to impose their rule and consolidate their power, and the third one exposes the new colonial form of corruption carried out by the West, led today by the United States.

Relationship Corruption and Economic Growth ASEAN Countries

Corruption is a detrimental act for many people, especially related to the economy. Various groups widely discuss corruption and economic growth from academia, government, and the private sector. This is even more complex when coupled with competitiveness between countries and democratic systems. So this study aims to analyze the influence of global competitiveness, corruption and democracy on economic growth in ASEAN countries. This study used panel data analysis methods in 7 ASEAN countries from 2014-2019. The seven countries are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. It is related to economic growth, corruption, and competitiveness in ASEAN countries. The results of this study show that corruption brings mudhorot but has yet to be significant to economic growth. Another interesting finding is that democracy negatively affects global competitiveness and increases economic growth. This research can be one of the government's policy recommendations by increasing economic growth through strict enforcement against corruption and increasing global competitiveness. To realize economic growth that prospers society requires the role of the government through increasing human and institutional resources to support other competitiveness factors that focus on technological, environmental, and innovation aspects

The Relationship between Global Competitiveness, Corruption, Democratic Systems on Economic Growth ASEAN countries

Corruption is a detrimental act for many people, especially related to the economy. Various groups widely discuss corruption and economic growth from academia, government, and the private sector. This is even more complex when coupled with competitiveness between countries and democratic systems. So this study aims to analyze the influence of global competitiveness, corruption and democracy on economic growth in ASEAN countries. This study used panel data analysis methods in 7 ASEAN countries from 2014-2019. The seven countries are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. It is related to economic growth, corruption, and competitiveness in ASEAN countries. The results of this study show that corruption brings mudhorot but has yet to be significant to economic growth. Another interesting finding is that democracy negatively affects global competitiveness and increases economic growth. This research can be one of the government’s policy recommendations by increasing economic growth through strict enforcement against corruption and increasing global competitiveness. To realize economic growth that prospers society requires the role of the government through increasing human and institutional resources to support other competitiveness factors that focus on technological, environmental, and innovation aspects.

Institutional Anomie Theory and Country-Level Public Corruption

Public-sector corruption siphons trillions of dollars from the global economy and contributes to social instability. Institutional Anomie Theory, with its focus on the links between social institutions, individualistic and achievement-oriented cultural norms, and crime, offers a possible framework for understanding corruption. This possibility is contrasted with research indicating that individualistic values and free markets reduce corruption. Using twenty years of data from 83 countries, this study finds institutional imbalance toward the economy is associated with higher levels of corruption. The lowest levels of corruption are found in highly individualistic countries, though institutional imbalance had a strong positive effect on corruption in such countries. Conversely, corruption is high in collectivistic countries regardless of institutional imbalance. Findings underscore the importance of institutional and cultural configurations, and their interplay, for corruption. We discuss the implications of our study for Institutional Anomie Theory and directions for future research.

Corruption in unlikely places

Corruption, defined as the “misuse of public position for private gain”, represents an act of deviance from official duties in the interest of self-enrichment. Denmark is ranked as one of the least corrupt countries in the world. Danish court records, however, show that corruption cases have appeared in the 21st century. Using Luhmann’s systems theory and Foucault’s method of genealogy, this article asks how this has happened. I argue that understanding corruption in Denmark may go back to changes in public administration ideas and practices since the 1990. New Public Management reform has increased the complexity in public administration where meaning horizons of communication related to different functional systems – especially the sub-systems of law and economy – clashes. I theorise and illustrate using court cases how the coexistence of different codes creates an environment for public employees that in some circumstances – however still rare – result in corruption.

Tax Compliance among Managers: Evidence from Randomized Audits1

Abstract Earlier studies of individuals’ law-abiding behavior find significant effects of home country corruption level on compliance. In our study of manager’s tax compliance, we use data from random audits and find associations between tax compliance and the use of an external accountant, age, manager’s place of origin and employees’ conflict exposure, but no effect from a manager’s own conflict exposure, nor Corruption Perception Index scores. The use of an external accountant seems to commit managers to comply with reporting requirements. Our findings suggest that factors such as managers’ age and company characteristics are important in understanding manager compliance. To study whether other mechanisms not previously tested may provide explanatory power, we specify two machinelearning models, which confirm our findings, but also suggest other associations. Nontechnical summary Our study examines tax compliance among managers using data from random audits. We found associations between tax compliance and the use of an external accountant, age, manager’s place of origin and employees’ conflict exposure. However, the manager’s own conflict exposure and corruption levels in their home country did not affect compliance. External accountants seem to encourage managers to comply with tax rules. Machine-learning models confirmed these findings and suggested other relevant factors.

Democracy is hot. Or not? Examining the link between political dissatisfaction and democratic support in European democracies

ABSTRACT The article focuses on the evaluative attitudes of citizens and their association with regime support in European democracies. In the context of widespread public scepticism with politics, different findings about the effect of political dissatisfaction in terms of democratic legitimacy have appeared. This may imply that citizens’ attitudes towards politics and their interrelations are complex and that the effects might not be the same across individuals and contexts. To investigate the link between political dissatisfaction and democratic support, data from the European Values Study and hierarchical regression models are used. The results of the analysis suggest that political dissatisfaction is not related to democratic support by highly interested and highly involved citizens. Nevertheless, contrary to the assumptions, the negative effect is quite strong in less corrupt countries, while in corrupt ones it tends to be positively related to democratic support.

Making or breaking the cycle of corruption: Exploring the impact of transitional justice on corruption in postconflict countries

Does the implementation of transitional justice (TJ) mechanisms such as trials, truth commissions, and institutional reforms reduce corruption by enhancing accountability, building trust, and creating a culture of deterrence? Although prior work has studied whether economic crimes should be included in TJ agendas, TJ’s potential to address corruption has been mostly overlooked. On the one hand, theory suggests that TJ could reduce corruption; yet, on the other, it indicates that TJ mechanisms are not effective enough at solving deep-rooted corruption. Testing these opposing arguments using data from 106 postconflict countries that experienced conflict between 1946 and 2006, I find that the implementation of TJ and corruption are not statistically associated. However, when I further investigate this relationship with only “well-implemented” TJ mechanisms, purges are found to be negatively associated with political corruption and amnesties are positively associated with regime corruption.

Small arms procurement and corruption in small NATO countries

PurposeThe study aims to assess military procurement strategy in NATO countries labelled as emerging markets (Czechia, Slovakia and Lithuania) and capitalist Norway, which vary in national culture as indicated by the Hofstede Culture Compass.Design/methodology/approachThis comparative case study analyses the procurement of a simple, mass-produced, off-the-shelf military product (FN Herstal MINIMI gun) in four small but very economically free countries from 2008 to 2023. The study answers the research question of how the unit price of MINIMI guns varies across post-communist and historical NATO countries distinguished by the variables operationalising national culture.FindingsThe general disability of the government to control corruption deviates the strategy of military procurement in post-communist defence institutions from an effective strategy of liberal capitalism, minimising the unit price and risks (Norway), to an odd strategy maximising the unit price and risks by preferring middlemen as agent of hidden agenda (Czechia).Research limitations/implicationsSome defence institutions in post-communist countries may be burdened by legislature capture, and detailed research is needed to determine this.Practical implicationsThe authors argue that national culture may contribute to significant goal displacement in the procurement strategy adopted by the government in an economically liberal state.Social implicationsWithout perfecting the control of corruption in post-communist defence institutions, the NATO burden-sharing debate on 2% of GDP will remain controversial.Originality/valueWith variables characterising national culture and the government’s ability to control corruption, the study elucidates a slow pace of convergence of post-communist countries to NATÓs values and procedures.

Entry cost, fixed cost and markup: Theory and evidence from the impact of corruption on prices

Entry cost, fixed cost and markup: Theory and evidence from the impact of corruption on prices

Societal trust and corporate bankruptcy

Societal trust and corporate bankruptcy

Gender stereotypes and petty corruption among street-level bureaucrats: Evidence from a conjoint experiment

Do female public servants receive a stronger negative public reaction from being involved in corruption than their male counterparts? While there are good theoretical reasons to suggest they do, the empirical evidence on this question to date, which primarily focuses on elected officials, remains inconclusive. To shed new light on this matter, we investigate a larger but hitherto understudied group: street-level bureaucrats. Using a conjoint experiment conducted in Paraguay, one of the most corrupt countries in Latin America, we evaluate public preferences for corrupt versus non-corrupt bureaucrats. Contrary to existing theories of gender and corruption, our results suggest there is no significant difference in how citizens react to male and female corrupt bureaucrats.

Causality And Long-Term Impacts Of Investment, Corruption, Unemployment, And Economic Growth In Asia-Pacific Countries

Causality And Long-Term Impacts Of Investment, Corruption, Unemployment, And Economic Growth In Asia-Pacific Countries

Public Administration Ethics Education to Build Anti-Corruption Integrity among Students of SMP N 13 Padang

The high level of corruption, which has become a pathology in developing countries, especially Indonesia, is evidenced by the 2022 international transparency data, which scored 34/100 and ranked 110 out of 180 surveyed countries. Indonesia ranks as the 5th most corrupt country in Southeast Asia. With these results, Indonesia has only been able to increase its Corruption Perception Index (CPI) score by 2 points from 32 over the past decade since 2012. Despite Law No. 20 of 2001's eradication of corruption, which covers various aspects, related to anti-corruption efforts, including education and anti-corruption socialization, this pathology remains unresolved. Therefore, a strong foundation is needed, especially among the younger generation as the nation's future leaders, by strengthening students' character regarding integrity and courage against corruption. This community engagement used socialization, interviews with school members, and participatory observation within the school environment. The concept of public administration ethics serves as the basis for this activity. The results showed that anti-corruption education through the perspective of public administration at SMP N 13 Padang plays a significant role in shaping students' integrity and courage in combating corruption. As adolescents, students are in the process of forming moral values and behaviors. Thus, anti-corruption education interventions can significantly impact shaping their character. Students improved their understanding of corruption and developed a more courageous attitude and strong integrity. The results provided valuable insights and a foundation for further improvement in anti-corruption education in middle schools.