Correctional Programs Research Articles

Pengaruh Dari Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi Taruna Utama Prodi Manajemen Pemasyarakatan B

Found that the relationship between transformational leadership and affective commitment is transmitted through perceived work impact. In this research, the population is cadets of the Correctional Science Polytechnic class 55 Correctional Management Study Program class B with a sample of 30 cadets.The method of collecting data for this study is to distribute questionnaire links or questionnaires using google form randomly which are then processed using SPSS v27 64Bit. the result is HO is rejected and there is a significant effect of variable x on y

Peculiarities and causes of difficulties in learning educational material among schoolchildren and ways to overcome them

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of using the neuropsychological approach to solve the learning difficulties of schoolchildren. An empirical study summarized the evaluation of the correction program carried out using neuropsychological games and exercises with one hundred students in the second grade of the elementary school. The following evaluation strategies were used to assess the effectiveness of the programme: Schulte tables, the fourth extra technique and "memorization of two sets of words. The results obtained can be presented as follows: (1) The studied indicators of attention such as work efficiency and mental stability improved among students, only the criterion of the degree of workability remained without significant improvements but at the same time within the normative values. (2) Analyzing the mental processes of students, we can see a significant increase in the number of children who have improved such indicators of thinking as generalization and synthesis due to corrective exercises. (3) The study of memory processes showed that the number of students who experienced special correctional exercises was higher than words at the very beginning without special psychological support. This study concludes that the general solution to learning problems and the compensation of deficiencies in the development of various cognitive processes are the objective advantages of organised corrective neuropsychological sessions with students. This experiment may provide a plan for further research and adoption of the help for schoolchildren in practice.

Risk management in a medical organization

The introduction of ISO 9001:2015 standards into widespread clinical practice is one of the priorities for managing the quality of medical care. The risk-oriented approach is an essential component of standardization under the ISO system. The article proposes an algorithm for managing patient safety risks in a medical organization and general rules for developing a corrective risk program.

Análisis de los datos del Registro Español de Cirugía Cardiaca (RECC) 2021-2022

IntroductionSince February 8, 2021, the Spanish Society of Cardiovascular and Endovascular Surgery got under way the Spanish Registry of Cardiac Surgery (RECC), which is available for the different units of cardiovascular surgeons in our country. It is a tool that allows collect patient-level data of patients undergoing cardiac, vascular or endovascular surgery. After two years of development, we have carried out an analysis of the quality of the information obtained in order to acquire an overview of its content. MethodsThe information has been analyzed anonymously at patient, hospital and province level. For risk-adjusted mortality estimation, the EuroSCORE II preoperative risk estimation scale was used. ResultsA total of 7087 interventions have been included. Six thousand two hundred and sixty-seven were major cardiac surgeries: 53.9% valvular, 25.2% coronary artery bypass grafting, and 14.9% aortic procedures. The overall mortality was 5.0% and the risk-adjusted mortality rate was 0.88. The EuroSCORE II calibration in the overall sample was good in the lowest-risk patients, although it overestimated mortality in high-risk patients. ConclusionsRECC is a nationally defined clinical database in the field of cardiovascular surgery. RECC allows a patient-level data analysis in order to perform an accurate analysis of the volumen of activity, risk adjustment and results. Locally, it could be used as a tool to improve the quality of care and development of corrective programs.

Психофизиологические особенности взаимодействия с пугающим образом в виртуальной реальности

INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) technology, which is often used to generate situations of psychotherapeutic exposure, is presented to practitioners as a convenient visualization tool. However there is a risk of a distorted interpretation of the virtual experience by the client, in that case the stabilization of adaptive behavior and reduction of anxiety in contact with the object of the specified fear in the real world will not occur. AIM: To study the psychophysiological correlates of the emotional state arising in the situation of visual observation of a frightening virtual image. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of the study, a psychophysiological experiment was organized with the participation of 60 volunteers (10 boys, 50 girls, average age is 21) who made up experimental (persons with a history of identified fears) and control (conditionally healthy persons) samples. The experiment used controlled immersion of subjects in VR with a frightening virtual image with preliminary, accompanying and delayed removal of psychophysiological indicators of electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram, as well as using methods of psychodiagnostics. RESULTS: The study established the existence of a specific psychophysiological reaction in the experimental group of subjects in contact with a frightening virtual image represented as statistically marked fluctuations in heart rate and respiratory rate, as well as delta and alpha rhythms. In the subjects of the control group, this reaction is less marked and does not have a clearly defined specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of interacting with a frightening virtual image when immersed in VR, according to the results obtained, is sufficiently consistent with the experience of interacting with a similar object in reality. The conclusion is made about the validity of the use of VR for the formation of correctional programs for working with anxiety-phobic symptoms.

Correction of the attitude to the family role and the child of parents in the conditions of preschool education

The article examines the theoretical analysis and importance of psychological correctional work with parents in relation to their own family role, their parents' attitude to the child, which includes such indicators as optimal emotional contact, emotional distance with the child and excessive concentration on the child in a preschool educational institution. This article shows the results of conducting a primary study in an experimental group using the PARI (parental attitude instrument) technique by authors E.S. Schaefer and R.K. Bell. This technique explores the indicators of the parent's attitude to his family role and the child that interest us. After the correctional program, a repeated study was conducted in the same experimental group; with the indicators of the primary and repeated studies, a comparative analysis was made for changes in the indicators of attitude to the family role and the child, where their qualitative change is observed. The authors of the PARI methodology point out that the study of the attitude to one's own role in family life and the attitude to the child are intended primarily for mothers. The article presents a brief description of the correctional program, with the help of which a corrective effect was made on the attitude to the family role and the child in mothers of preschoolers 3-7 years old.

Pengaruh Smartphone Addiction Terhadap Bedtime Procrastination Taruna Poltekip Angkatan 56 Prodi Manajemen Pemasyarakatan

The general public must continually be informed of technological developments, such as the use of smartphones, also referred to as "smarphones," in order to be able to complete this role. Large-scale touchscreen cellphones have already been adopted by several countries throughout the world. Additionally, this phenomena was noticed by Cadets from the Polytechnic for Criminal Justice, notably Class 56 for the Correctional Management Study Program. However, there may be certain drawbacks to utilizing a smartphone. The taruna's most obvious practical effect, which resulted in time-wasting tiredness, was a brilliant addiction phone, The researcher did research to comprehend the relationship between the smartphone's kecanduan and the prokrastination of sleep time in the 56th program study of management of the POLTEKIP. This study employs quantitative methods to assess the effects of the independent and dependent variables. The study sample consists of 31 cadets from batch 56 of the POLTEKIP Correctional Management Study Program. The distribution of surveys through Google Forms was done using the random sample data collection technique. Because of the strong association between the variables X and Y revealed by the study's findings, the alternate hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected. The study also reveals a weak relationship between procrastinating before bed and smartphone addiction.

Safeguarding Children from School Violence: A Systematic Analysis of the Issue of Psychological and Physical Pressures from Teachers and Peers

Aim. The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the fact that in modern society violence against children is a social problem that is associated with human rights violations and has devastating consequences for the psyche and future life of the child. In this regard, the purpose of this study is an in-depth analysis of the problem of physical and psychological violence at school and to address the issue of student protection. Methods. The leading methods of investigating this problem are analysis, classification, induction, deduction, generalisation, and comparison of psychological and pedagogical methods and approaches aimed at protecting a child from school violence. Results. The study covers the specific features of the influence of the school environment and the pedagogical process on the mental and physical health of students. The specific features of categories of student behaviour are examined. Individual problems and disorders of the psyche and emotional state that are a consequence of violence are shown. The benefits of healthy family support and comfortable society for emotional independence and achievement of goals are characterised. The results of violence in the school environment are diagnosed and presented. A correctional and developmental programme, coaching psychology and preventive activities are proposed. Conclusion. The study materials are of practical and theoretical value for young teachers, psychologists, students, teachers, sociologists, educational figures, and politicians who will be able to understand and solve the problem of violence, preventing its occurrence in educational institutions.

The effect of saffron and corrective exercises on depression and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which causes various complications such as reduced ability to do daily activities, depression and early death of patients. The present study aimed to compare the effect of saffron and corrective exercises on depression and quality of life in women with MS. This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 MS women for 12 weeks. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and allocated into four study groups (three intervention groups and one control group) using the stratified block randomization. The Expanded Disability Status Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale were used to collect data at the start of the study and also at the end of the sixth and the twelfth weeks. At the end of the twelfth week, the depression mean scores in all experimental groups (saffron group, corrective exercises group, corrective exercises + saffron group) were significantly different compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and this difference in corrective exercises + saffron group was more than the others. Also, at the end of the twelfth week, the mean scores of the quality of life (both physical and mental dimensions) in all experimental groups were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). The saffron group in physical dimension and the corrective exercises + saffron group in psychological dimension showed a significant difference with other groups. Although each of the corrective exercises program and saffron consumption alone were effective in reducing depression and enhancing the quality of life in MS patients, the consequences will be more beneficial in case these two interventions are used together. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage MS patients to consume saffron supplement along with doing physical activities in caring and rehabilitation programs.

Gathering Trainee Feedback to Improve Programs With Low Annual ACGME Survey Content Area Compliance: A Pilot Study.

Systematically investigating annual Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Resident/Fellow Survey results by directly gathering trainee feedback could uncover training program problems and clarify misunderstandings as they arise, leading to faster corrective actions and program improvement. The Focus Group Forum (FGF) was created based on the utilization-focused evaluation approach to systematically gather comprehensive, high-quality, actionable trainee feedback on specific annual ACGME survey results and involve trainees in program improvement (Henry Ford Hospital, 2021). Trainees from programs with survey results indicating <80% compliance within several content areas were invited to attend FGF sessions. During FGF sessions, neutral moderators experienced in conducting focus groups and creating psychologically safe spaces and neutral scribes gathered trainee feedback on survey results through structured, iterative discussions and an anonymous electronic polling system. Summaries of FGF findings were created, combined with actual annual ACGME survey data, and used to develop recommended corrective actions and monitoring plans. In 2021, 6 training programs had survey results below the institution's compliance threshold for 4-8 of the 9 content areas. Of the 180 trainees (from the 6 programs) invited to attend an FGF session, 79 (44%) participated. Five key issues were identified: misinterpretation of several survey questions, lack of knowledge of institutional policies and procedures, perceived inability to share feedback with faculty, feelings of being overwhelmed with administrative duties, and lack of sufficient protected time for educational activities and requirements. The authors are developing an FGF process for faculty so that all stakeholders have a voice regarding annual ACGME survey results. They are also improving scheduling processes so that feedback from experienced trainees who are leaving the institution will not be missed and developing longer-term processes for tracking outcomes since time for implementing corrective actions before the next ACGME survey is limited.

Training on Corrections and Health Within U.S. Academic Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review.

Despite the scale, inequity, and consequences of mass incarceration, health care provider knowledge and awareness on correctional health remain limited. Understanding the educational experiences of health professions learners and the studies used to evaluate them can provide useful information about current gaps to guide future curricular improvement. To address this need, we conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies examining United States-based academic health professions educational programs on correctional health. Studies were coded based on study characteristics, learner outcomes, and degree to which they contained elements described in relevant position statements by two professional medical associations. Overall, 27 articles (1975-2021) were included. Learner outcomes were primarily documented at the "reactions" (93%) and "learning" (52%) levels of the Kirkpatrick model (1979), relative to "behaviors" (11%) and "long-term outcomes" (0%). Comparison of curricula to select position statements revealed multiple content gaps in the realms of prevalent conditions requiring expertise (e.g., violence and self-harm); ethical and medical-legal considerations (e.g., privatization of correctional health care); and correctional health care systems, structures, and administration. Taken together, findings highlight gaps in, and opportunities for, correctional health educational programs. Addressing health care workforce training needs is a necessary yet insufficient step to achieving health equity for populations affected by incarceration.

Can body-worn cameras reduce injuries during response-to-resistance events in a jail setting? Results from a randomized controlled trial

PurposeInvestigate the effect of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on jail resident injuries during response-to-resistance (RTR) events. MethodsOne-year randomized controlled trial among 12 housing units in the Loudoun County Adult Detention Center in Virginia. Negative binomial regression investigated the effects of BWCs on jail resident injuries during RTRs, and logistic regression predicted whether RTRs result in an injury. ResultsA 58% reduction in predicted injuries in unit-months where jail deputies were assigned BWCs, corresponding to an average of 0.17 resident injuries in unit-months without cameras and 0.07 injuries in unit-months with cameras. BWCs also reduced the likelihood of injury occurring by a factor of 0.12 (injuries occurred in 28.4% of RTRs without BWCs, versus 8.8% of RTRs with BWCs). ConclusionsLittle is known about use-of-force incidents in prisons and jails, nor the rate at which these incidents result in injuries to incarcerated residents. Yet, in response to calls for greater transparency and accountability among criminal justice agencies, correctional administrators have increasingly turned to BWCs to address these issues and enhance the safety and security of their staff and resident populations. This study addresses critical knowledge gaps and offers one of the first tests of a correctional BWC program.

Work Ideologies of Juvenile Probation Officers: The Effects of Individual Characteristics

Probation is the oldest and most widely used community-based corrections program. Research on probation primarily focuses on the experiences of justice-involved juveniles and the supervision of juveniles in the probation system. Much less is understood about the impact probation officers' perceptions have on job performance and what factors influence those perceptions. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between individual characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race, level of education, tenure, political party affiliation, and jurisdiction) and juvenile probation officers' perceptions about their work ideology. Data for the study came from a sample of juvenile probation officers in nine states. Participants were asked questions about sanctioning, disposition, and role orientation. The study's findings show that few individual characteristics are significantly associated with attitudes/perceptions about work ideology. Probation officers’ race was the only predictor significantly associated with several outcomes. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.

Kifotik adölesanlarda bütüncül yaklaşımlı düzeltici egzersiz programının fiziksel uygunluğa ve beden imajına etkisi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kifotik adölesanlarda bütüncül yaklaşımlı düzeltici egzersiz programının fiziksel uygunluğa ve beden imajına etkisini incelemektir.&#x0D; Yöntem: Çalışmaya yaşları 10-18 yıl aralığında olan 62 kifotik birey dahil edildi. Bireyler basit rastgele yöntemle üç gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar, bütüncül (n=21), torakal (n=22) ve kontrol grubu (n=19) olarak düzenlendi. Bütüncül gruba düzeltici egzersizler ile birlikte postüral algı eğitimi verilirken, torakal gruba torakal bölge odaklı egzersizler uygulandı. Egzersiz gruplarına 12 hafta, haftada 3 gün 40-50 dakikalık egzersiz programları uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna müdahale yapılmadı. Fiziksel uygunluk 6 dakika yürüme testi (6DYT) ve Münih fiziksel uygunluk testinin (MFUT) alt başlıkları olan, vertikal sıçrama-basamak-top sektirme-öne eğilme-asılma-ağırlık atma testleri, beden imajı ise çok yönlü beden-benlik öz/ilişki ölçeği (ÇYBBÖ) kullanılarak değerlendirildi.&#x0D; Bulgular: Eğitim sonrası, 6DYT mesafesi ve VO2 maksimum değerleri bütüncül ve torakal gruplarda düşüş gösterdi (p

A Scoping Review of Correctional-Based Interventions for Women Prisoners with Mental Health Problems

Women prisoners are a population at a high risk of experiencing stress, anxiety, and other mental health problems. This is because stressors in prisons, such as strict prison rules, intimidation, and conflicts with other inmates and staff, cause a high prevalence of mental health problems in women prisoners. Mental health services, such as correctional-based interventions, are an important part of overcoming these problems. Therefore, this study aimed to identify correctional-based interventions for women prisoners with mental health problems, specifically to determine the types of correctional-based interventions, the types of mental health problems experienced by women prisoners, and the effectiveness of the interventions. The method used was a scoping review based on Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Articles were searched using Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with the keywords “Mental Health Care” OR “Mental Health Services” AND “Correctional Program” AND “Interventions” AND “Mental Disorder” OR “Mental Health Problems” AND Women” OR “Female” AND “Inmates” OR “Offenders” OR “Prisoners” OR “Convicts”. The inclusion criteria used were the year of publication (2000–2023), full-text articles in English, and the study sample was women prisoners with mental health problems. After selection, a total of 10 articles were found to meet the review inclusion criteria. The results showed that the correctional-based interventions given to women prisoners with mental health problems included Yoga, which combines mind and body; Seeking Safety, which was a manual CBT model; Transactional Analysis (TA) training program to enhance communication, relationships, and personal well-being; Transcendental Meditation (TM), a simple technique to reduce mental stress; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) teaches the ability to accept painful or unwanted emotions; and Trauma Effect Regulation to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). All correctional-based interventions had significant results and can be used by health practitioners in prisons to address mental health problems experienced by women prisoners.

Community-Based Treatment for Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses Using the Integrated Risk Assessment and Treatment System Model Versus Standard Correctional Programming

The present investigation examined a group of 90 clients receiving treatment for issues related to sexual offending in The Central District (Ontario) Sex Offender Treatment Program operated by Correctional Service Canada (CSC). Treatment was provided in line with the Integrated Risk Assessment and Treatment System (IRATS) Model developed by the authors. A group of 55 individuals who had not received sexual offense–specific treatment but who received standard correctional programming offered by paraprofessionals were used as a basis of comparison. Risk assessment data were available for all clients included in the analyses. Results indicated that there were no differences between groups on the RRASOR (an actuarial instrument designed to assess risk of sexual offense recidivism) with reference to sexual offender recidivism risk. With reference to sexual offense recidivism, only one of the treated clients recidivated sexually over 8.17 years of follow-up versus four of the 55 comparison group who were followed for a significantly shorter period of time (i.e., 6.9 years).

The role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between ACEs and coercive family processes for Justice-Involved individuals

High rates of adversity in the lives of justice-involved individuals often co-occur with social and family dysfunction. Psychological flexibility is a construct that describes an individual’s ability to respond adaptively to emotions, thoughts, and environmental demands. This study aimed to explore the role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and coercive family processes in a sample of justice-involved individuals. The sample comprised 715 men and women who are currently on probation or parole. Participants completed questionnaires assessing adverse childhood experiences, psychological flexibility, coercive couple interactions, and coercive parent-child interactions. Direct and indirect effects were found, with ACEs affecting couple coercive processes directly, and indirectly, through psychological flexibility. In the subset of participants with children, lower levels of psychological flexibility were also related to more coercive parent-child interactions. The results provide further support for correctional programs that target psychological flexibility among justice-involved individuals.

Occupational Stress, Correctional Officers, and Training for the Job: Probing Sources of Stress During the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Training Program

Occupational stress remains a remarkable problem among correctional officers. While the scholarship on correctional services has scrutinized correctional work to identify and analyze sources and consequences of stress, correctional training has received little attention. Drawing on the literature on sources of stress in corrections work, we analyze and compare whether sources of stress on the job overlap with those of correctional training. We base our analysis on interviews with correctional officers from Canada’s federal prison system who were interviewed while completing the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Training Program. Findings suggest that sources of stress in training are not consistent with those of correctional work. The training program conditions succeed in preparing recruits to manage pressure, strain, and anxiety. However, the program does not necessarily equip recruits to deal with on-the-job stress, and does little to eliminate the occupational stressors and mental health disorders that too often emerge during occupational tenure. Correctional training programs in Canada and beyond must ensure that recruits are equipped with tools to deal with the specific sources of stress and possibly eliminate such sources in the course of work.

Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with mental disorders in combination with alcoholism

The article presents an assessment of the characteristics of the clinical and psychological state of patients with comorbid pathology (pulmonary tuberculosis and mental disorder) in combination with alcoholism. The purpose of assessing the characteristics of the clinical and psychological state of this category of persons is to create a medical and social portrait of the latter. Results. The study showed that a fairly high percentage of patients with comorbid pathology (pulmonary tuberculosis and mental disorder) are dependent on psychoactive substances. For the studied category of persons, characteristic psychological features and cognitive impairments were revealed. Conclusion. Taking into account the results of the study, it is necessary, in addition to the main anti-tuberculosis treatment, to such patients to carry out therapeutic measures aimed at improving cognitive functions and involve them in rehabilitation psychological and correctional programs. In terms of providing medical care, pay special attention to the organization and implementation of comprehensive treatment for patients with alcohol dependence and comorbid pulmonary tuberculosis, to implement it jointly: by phthisiatricians, psychiatrists, psychologists and narcologists.

НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ СТАДИЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ РЕБЕНКА С РАССТРОЙСТВОМ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРА

In modern Russian society, one of the most urgent problems is the creation of a versatile system of medical, psychological and pedagogical support for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The fact that the number of autistic children does not decrease every year, and approaches to the study, classification, diagnosis, and correction of symptoms of autism spectrum disorders continues to grow, indicates the objective complexity of the problem. Separate attempts to differentiate specific symptomatic conditions in children with ASD contribute to a qualitative improvement in correctional programs. In particular, within the framework of this study, we propose to turn to the analysis of the developmental features of the language personality of a child with ASD. In recent years, studies have been published that analyze one or more language levels, as well as their relationship with primary cognitive impairments. Meanwhile, the issue of the complexity of language development in relation to children with ASD is practically not considered, since the correction of their speech and cognitive impairments, the development of social skills and other forms that facilitate the process of integrating this category of children into society come to the fore. Meanwhile, the complex formation of the language skills of any child is the most important guarantee of his social and educational adaptation, as well as a key factor in personal growth. In the case of children with ASD, the study of neuropsychological parameters of the development of language personality is of particular importance.