Correctional Center Research Articles

Black Ephemera: The Crisis and Challenge of the Musical Archive

Black Ephemera: The Crisis and Challenge of the Musical Archive

Discrimination in inmates classification: Corrolate to disorder within correctional centres in Nigeria

Inequality precedes injustice, as seen in the class difference evident in Nigerian Correctional Centres due to the classification of inmates into high profile and ordinary profile. Therefore, this study examines the dual classification of inmates and its effects on order within correctional centres. Karl Marx’s theory of social conflict was adopted in explaining the differences in economic status and power among the inmates. The study adopts a phenomenological research design. Qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were used in this study. The study population was purposely selected to elicit responses to the research questions. 30 participants of different classifications relevant to the study were purposely selected and interviewed. Content analysis forms the basic method of data analysis as responses were quoted verbatim. Findings show that preferential treatment of highprofile inmates made ordinary inmates feel inferior, rebellious, and frustrated which led to riots or protests. Findings also show that highprofile inmates often break rules, instigate inmates against officers and often look down on officers based on their connection. The study concluded that the incarceration of highprofile inmates sends a message to the public that nobody is above the law and promotes conformity. Still, the special treatment of highprofile inmates says otherwise. It is recommended that no preferential treatment should be given to high-profile inmates to reduce protests and agitations by ordinary-profile inmates. The Government should ensure adequate welfare is provided for every inmate to reduce the show of class in the centres.

A Critical Analysis of the Living Conditions of Female Offenders Incarcerated in South African Correctional Centres

The past few years have seen a rise in both the number and proportion of incarcerated women in South Africa. Even though the rate of incarceration for women continues to be far lower than for men, the number of women in correctional facilities is growing. Hence the aim of this paper is to critically analyse the living conditions of female offenders who are incarcerated in South African correctional centres. This critical analysis was done by means of qualitative document analysis. This paper traverses, synthesises, and analyses empirical studies as well as other relevant academic and policy literature on women’s incarceration in South Africa to suggest viable strategies and solutions that can be adopted to ensure good practises and address the identified challenges that are associated with the incarceration of women. Furthermore, the paper highlights various adversities that women in correctional facilities face, such as health issues and rehabilitation challenges, as well as the impact that development and care programmes have on them.

Cognitive bibliotherapy for delinquent adolescents with psychopathic disorder: a quasi-experimental study

ABSTRACT Bibliotherapy is used as a low-cost, non-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of many mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive bibliotherapy on personality traits of psychopathic disorder in delinquent adolescents. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and posttest design and experimental and control groups. The study's statistical population consisted of all 160 male adolescents at the Tehran Correctional Center, and the samples consisted of 30 persons with psychopathic personalities. They were selected by purposive sampling. After the bibliotherapy and poetry therapy intervention, there was a significant difference in the overall score of psychopathic traits between the experimental and control groups favoring the experimental group (P = 0.001). The findings showed that bibliotherapy and poetry therapy intervention reduced personality traits of psychopathy in delinquent adolescents, thus it can be concluded that bibliotherapy effectively reduces and improves the traits that constitute a psychopathic disorder.

Placed-Based Experiences of the Young Adult Inmates in Nsukka Correctional Centre

Considering the peculiarities of the young adults in their transition period from adolescence to adulthood, this study aims to explore the place based experiences among young adult inmates in Nsukka Correctional Centre. Exploratory qualitative research design was employed. 15 young adults that have spent between 1 month and 10 years were purposely selected for the study. Informed consent form was signed by the participants after due explanations of the research purpose. Data were collected through face to face in-depth interviews done in a quiet office to maintain privacy. The data were transcribed, analyzed thematically and emergent themes were supported by quotes from the respondents. Findings from the study showed that the young adults were depressed, longed for freedom to become productive, regretted past mistakes and bored of regimented life. Recommendations were made for the reduction of the number of young adult inmates, by ensuring access to opportunities and increased support that enhance restoration from any long-term negative physical and mental health effects of incarceration and skills needed for resilience and effective functioning for sustainable national transformation when re-integrated into the society.

Implementation of group cognitive processing therapy in correction centers: Anticipated determinants from formative evaluation.

Nearly all people in prison have experienced trauma, and many meet the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Untreated PTSD increases the risk of substance use problems after release, contributing to a well-documented cycle of trauma, addiction, and incarceration. However, evidence-based, trauma-focused therapy for PTSD is rarely offered in prisons, and there is little research that can guide implementation efforts. In preparation for an effectiveness-implementation hybrid II pilot trial examining group-delivered cognitive processing therapy (CPT) in prisons, we conducted a formative evaluation using interviews structured according to the consolidated framework for implementation research (i.e., CFIR). Participants were correction center leadership, treatment staff, health care staff, and security staff (n = 22) and incarcerated persons (n = 14; 57.1% female). We found that CPT was highly compatible with residents' needs and the centers' available resources, culture, existing programs, and current workflow. CPT was also acceptable to all stakeholders. Potential barriers were the lower relative priority for CPT compared with programs that are reinforced at the system level, limited staff time to deliver CPT, limited staff knowledge about PTSD, and center features that could distract from CPT groups and/or training or be countertherapeutic. Taken together, CPT is a promising trauma-focused therapy for corrections, but these findings underscore the importance of identifying and matching potential barriers to effective implementation strategies a priori and work in the policy arena to promote sustainability.

Legal Imperatives for Decongesting Correctional Centres in Nigeria: A Review of Recent Legislative Measures

One of the major drawbacks in the Nigerian criminal justice system is the congestions in correctional centres. Custodial centres are not only the pivot on which the wheel of criminal justice revolves. They are also institutions which provide homes for a technical segment of the society and protection for the general public. Having regard to modern objectives of correctional services, it has become more paramount for custodial or correctional centres to indeed provide platform not only for housing inmates but more importantly as an opportunity to rehabilitate, remould and make lives of inmates more useful whether during custody or after their release. Unfortunately, these objectives are very difficult to realize in Nigeria as a result of several factors accounting for the congestion of Nigerian prisons. It was in the light of this that certain critical legislations were enacted i.e. the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) 2015, the Police Act 2020, and the Nigerian Correctional Service Act, 2019 to deliberately arrest some of the major factors which are responsible for why custodial centres have always been overstretched beyond official capacity. Though the ACJA and others were overwhelmingly received with approval by all, it is observed that there is gross lack of will on the part of the government and other stakeholders in the criminal justice sector to fully adhere to and implement the provisions of the laws. The government is urged to increase efforts in empowering relevant and critical stakeholders like the police, the courts and the correctional centres in implementing the laudable objectives of the ACJA and other relevant legislations for a purposeful criminal justice delivery.

The relationship between emotional regulation and anger control skills and self-esteem of correctional center adolescents

Background and Aim: Every year we face a significant increase in juvenile delinquency in many countries and Iran, which has negative psychological consequences for this group; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between emotional regulation and anger control skills and self-esteem of adolescents in Tehran Correctional Center. Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The population of this study consisted of all adolescents of the Rehabilitation and Training Center of Tehran in 1607 in 2018. Of these, 113 were selected by simple random sampling. To collect data, emotional regulation, anger control and self-efficacy were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis with Spss.22 software. Results: The findings showed that with an increase in the mean (SD) of emotional regulation, the anger control skill decreases (r=0.27, P<0.001) and with an increase in emotional regulation, the mean of self-esteem increases (r=0.25, P<0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis using simultaneous method showed that the multiple linear regression coefficient for emotional regulation and predictive variables are significant (p<0.01, F(2,197)=11.697, R2=0.11, R=0.33). Conclusion: The study showed that with increased emotional regulation with anger control skill and self-efficacy in adolescents, the correctional center of Tehran is related. Therefore, emotional regulation in adolescents is an important psychological construct in anger control skill and self-efficacy.

Knowledge and Practice of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Prevention among in-Mates and Staff of Taraba State Correctional Centres

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern worldwide, with vulnerable populations, such as inmates and staff within correctional centers, facing unique challenges. This study conducted in Taraba state, Nigeria, aimed to assess the knowledge and practices related to TB prevention among this specific population. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 25 to provide insights into TB awareness, attitudes, and behaviors within 3 correctional centers in Taraba State. Simple descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequency distribution tables were used. This study revealed a diverse socio-demographic profile of participants, with variations in gender, age, education, income, occupation, religion, household size, and smoking habits. While some respondents demonstrated accurate knowledge about TB, a substantial proportion held misconceptions about its causes, transmission, and symptoms. Attitudes towards TB were generally positive, with most participants considering it a serious disease; however, fear of infection and stigmatizing attitudes persisted. Practices related to TB prevention and seeking medical care showed a range of behaviors, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The findings from this study emphasize the importance of tailored, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based TB education and awareness campaigns within correctional settings. These campaigns should address knowledge gaps, dispel myths, reduce stigma, and promote timely diagnosis and treatment. The study underscores the critical role of public health initiatives in ensuring that all individuals, regardless of their circumstances, have access to accurate information and the necessary resources to prevent and control TB effectively.

Self-harming Behaviors and suicide probability in delinquent adolescent girls: The role of emotion dysregulation and modeling the self-harming of peers

Background: Adolescents may be exposed to several mental health related difficulties due to lack of complete cognitive maturity. Objective: This study investigated the mediation of emotion dysregulation and modeling of peers in relation between self-harming behaviors and suicide probability in adolescent. Material& Methods: In a descriptive study, we investigated juvenile delinquents of Correction and Rehabilitation Center of Mashhad during 2021. A total of 148 individuals were selected and evaluated using the self-harm motivation scale, Ottawa self-harming inventory, regulation problems scale and peer self-harm modeling scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS-3 software. Results: The mean age of participants was 16.21 (standard deviation=2.42). There was significant direct effect of self-harming behaviors on suicide probability (β=0.86 , P= 0.001 ). The significant indirect effect of self-harming behaviors on suicide probability through emotional dysregulation (β= 0.36, P= 0.001 ) was stronger than indirect effect mediated by peers modeling (β=0.17 , P= 0.04 ). The model account for 87 % of total variance of suicide probability. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that emotion dysregulation and peers modeling play a role in increasing suicide probability and should be considered in preventing harmful behaviors in adolescents.

Compilation of psychological security training package for teenagers with mental insecurity

Background and Aim: Adolescence research is a life stage of an individual's life cycle in which a teenager experiences all-round physical-cognitive-moral and behavioral changes and transformations. This life stage is when changes in the roles and responsibilities of a person occur based on society's expectations of him as an adult. This study was conducted with the aim of developing a special psychological safety training package for adolescents suffering from psychological insecurity. Methods: This research was qualitative and content analysis based on the method of Heish and Shannon (2005). The research environment was all the texts related to psychological security and psychological insecurity of adolescents, 17 texts were selected and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results of content analysis showed five main concepts, which were: 1) security based on self-perception and acceptance, 2) spiritual security, 3) perceived moral and legal security, 4) security based on social capacities and 5) communication and family security. Conclusion: School counselors and adolescent counselors in behavioral correction centers can use this method to improve the mental health of adolescents.

Toward Modernization: Using Strategic Development to Address Deficits in the Juvenile Justice System

The Juvenile Justice System was established on the premise of rehabilitative action for behaviors that have led youth to the criminal justice system. However, the system has increasingly moved away from this original concept toward a punitive model. The authors present how this movement resulted in the devolution of human rights for the youth involved, a decrease in public safety, and a radical departure from fiscal responsibility related to the theoretical origins of rehabilitation. Studies on topics ranging from costs of correctional centers to trauma experienced by youth in these systems, along with many others, are compared to identify specific areas for renovation. Evidence-based pathways are presented to address these concerns along with pragmatic strategies for utilization of a constructed theory focused on the relationship between diversionary policies, attrition, and growth through the reinvestment of existing resources.

Contour Modeling Arbitrary-Oriented Ship Detection From Very High-Resolution Optical Remote Sensing Imagery

Under the multiscale distribution, due to dramatic aspect ratio variance leading to prominent arbitrary-oriented character of ships in very high-resolution (VHR) optical remote sensing imagery, how to generate accurate oriented bounding box (OBB) becomes a hot research topic for arbitrary-oriented ship detection. Consequently, in this letter, a concise and effective one-stage anchor-free contour modeling detector called CMDet is proposed for accurate arbitrary-oriented ship detection. Different from currently existed methods via carefully decoupling several independently characteristic parameters for OBB modeling and regression, we resolve the OBB modeling by jointly regressing the contour information. Specifically, the contour information is expressed as a series of Fourier transform coefficients, which are generated by setting up the mapping relation of 1-D Fourier contour coefficients and spatial OBB contour. In addition, a new inherent geometry loss is designed to make detector better learn the geometry information in training phase. After that, the proposed CMDet only needs to predict the correct center point of ships and regress the corresponding entire 1-D Fourier contour coefficients to generate accurate OBB for ship detection. Finally, extensive experiments are carried out on two public OBB ship detection datasets (e.g., HRSC2016 and DIOR-ship), and comparison results demonstrate that the proposed CMDet can obtain the competitive result than the state-of-the-art (SOTA) detectors.

Проблемы обеспечения прав и законных интересов осужденных к наказаниям и иным мерам уголовно-правового характера, не связанным с лишением свободы, в сфере труда

The problems of protecting the rights and legitimate interests in the sphere of labor of convicts sentenced to penalties and other criminal law measures not related to deprivation of liberty are identified. Penal inspectorates and the administration of correctional centers do not sufficiently take into account convicts' qualifications when ensuring that convicts follow the requirements of a court verdict. When enforcing the performance of compulsory and correctional labor, suspended sentence, penal inspectorates ignore the requirements of labor laws regarding the age of a minor, the “feasibility” of labor for minors, women, persons suffering from various types of diseases, the obligatory passage of medical examination of convicts when hiring them and further annual examination. In practice, the time free from studies when serving compulsory labor is incorrectly determined. There are cases of incorrect calculation of the term of correctional labor for convicts; groundlessness of the reasons for the convict's dismissal from the organization; problems with compensation for harm in case of injury to a convict associated with the performance of compulsory labor. In order to bring the convict to serving the sentence in a timely manner, the author proposes to establish in the criminal procedure law a rule providing for a period of time between the presentation of a sentence for execution and its acceptance for execution, and to introduce a rule in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation providing for administrative responsibility for violations of this period. The author substantiates the necessity of improving the means of ensuring the execution by the convict of the order and conditions of serving correctional labor, and, in the penal legislation, proposes to provide for the possibility of imposing a duty on those convicted to correctional labor upon registration, as it was before, and also of changing this type of punishment to a more severe one for convicts who (a) systematically commit administrative offenses against public order or those similar to crimes for which the person was convicted; (b) evade registration or coming to the penal inspectorate for registration and do not leave their place of residence. Art. 79 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should secure the right of the court to impose obligations on those released on parole from serving sentences during the probation period upon the penal inspectorate's presentation.

GUARANTEE OF CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAL PROTECTION

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze (1) the guardianship arrangements for children in conflict with the law, (2) the ideal arrangements for the guardianship of children in conflict with the law. The research method used is a normative juridical approach. The conclusion of the study The regulation of child guardianship in the Child Protection Law only regulates the protection of children in a civil manner, does not include Children in Conflict with the Law who are being processed in the process of the juvenile criminal justice system, and in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act there are no guardianship provisions for Children in Conflict with the Law. The ideal arrangement for the guardianship of children in conflict with the law as regulated in Article 33 of the Child Protection Law, by reconstructing and dividing two guardianship phrases, namely guardianship in the civil aspect which must be carried out through a court decision process, and the criminal aspect whose stipulation directly appoints the institution. or a body that is given the task and authority to carry out guardianship of Children in Conflict with the Law without having to go through a court order. The appropriate institution or body to handle and carry out the guardianship of Children in Conflict with the Law is the Correctional Center (Bapas), because the role of the Fathers has so far been less than optimal, because it is only limited to conducting community research (Litmas) and is finished after reading the results of its Litmas at the trial of children in court

Influence of Family Environment on Patterns of Crime Charged among Nigerian Inmates of Correctional Centres in Anambra and Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

Influence of Family Environment on Patterns of Crime Charged among Nigerian Inmates of Correctional Centres in Anambra and Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

Managing curriculum policy implementation at correctional centres in selected South African Regions

In terms of section 29 (1) (a) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, Act 108 of 1996, everyone has the right to a basic education, including adult basic education. Notably, education is a basic human right even for those in conflict with the law (offenders). This study is geared towards investigating management of curriculum policy implementation at Correctional Centres in North West (NW) and Gauteng (GP) regions in South Africa as Department of Correctional Services (DCS) geographical demarcations. It is therefore imperative for education managers in Correctional Centres to manage education curriculum effectively and efficiently in order to avert criminal behaviour and relieve socio-economic hardships that citizens might experience. The theoretical framework of this study, instructional leadership model would be engaged in order to foster the change required. Schools are more effective and efficient teaching and learning environment through instructional leadership (IS) as a critical aspect of school leadership. Instructional leaders should ensure that every student receives the highest quality instruction in line with the managing of curriculum policy implementation. The study seeks to outline the challenges faced by research participants towards management of curriculum policy implementation in Correctional Centres schools (CCS) and to identify possible solutions to those challenges. The anticipated possible outcome would be a development of a model towards the proper management of curriculum policy implementation strategy in correctional centres. For the purpose of conducting empirical research, the qualitative methodology will be used. Both educators and SMT’s should possess learning area matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge. The DCS and DoE should train members of SMT’s on how to monitor, evaluate and support educators in terms of new teaching methodologies. . DCS and DoE must have a common understanding of how they would enhance training to successfully manage curriculum policy implementation process.

PERAN BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN DALAM MELAKSANAKAN BIMBINGAN TERHADAP KLIEN ANAK PEMASYARAKATAN (STUDI DI BAPAS MATARAM)

Correctional Centers are institutions to carry out community guidance, in this case, it is different from Correctional Institutions where Correctional Institutions are places to carry out coaching for prisoners and correctional students. This study aims to find out how the role of guidance is carried out by the Correctional Center for clients of correctional children at the Mataram Correctional Center. This study uses a qualitative method that is descriptive. The conclusion of this study is that the Mataram Community Center in carrying out guidance has a role, namely Providing counseling and social guidance, Providing counseling and social guidance, and Conducting research on various elements of the correctional system with the aim of change.

Hubungan Antara Beban Kerja Dengan Stres Kerja Pada Pegawai Di Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Medan

This study aims to see the correlation between workload and work stress on the staff of the Class I Penitentiary in Medan. The population of this study were all employees of the Class I Correctional Center in Medan, amounting to 142 employees, and the sample in this study amounted to 43 employees at the Class I Correctional Center in Medan. The sampling technique used was Random Sampling. This research method uses quantitative methods. Collecting data using a workload scale and a work stress scale measured using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique uses the Product Moment Correlation technique. Where the results of the study show a significant value with a correlation of p = 0.000 0.05, meaning that there is a positive relationship between workload and work stress on the staff of the Class I Correctional Center in Medan, with a determinant coefficient (r2) of 0.328 or 26.3%. In other words, the hypothesis can be accepted. The workload variable is classified as high (empirical mean = 73.40 and hypothetical mean = 55 where the difference is more than SD = 11,729), and for the work stress variable is high with (empirical mean = 94.30 and hypothetical mean = 67 ,5 where the difference is more than SD=8.921).

Students' attitudes towards the reform and rehabilitation diploma program at the Center for Training and Development of Correction and Rehabilitation Centers in Jordan in the light of some variables

هدفت هذة الدراسه الى التعرف على اتجاهات الدارسين نحو برنامج دبلوم الاصلاح والتاهيل في مركز تدريب وتطوير مراكز الاصلاح والتاهيل في الاردن وحاولت الدراسة الاجابة على السؤال الرئيسي التالي: ما اتجاهات الدارسين في برنامج دبلوم الاصلاح والتاهيل في مركز تدريب وتطوير مراكز الاصلاح والتاهيل في الاردن نحو البرنامج، وقد استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وفي هذة الدراسة تم اختيار افراد الدراسة بطريقة العينة القصدية وعددها (50) دارس ودارسه. وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من الدارسين في برنامج دبلوم الاصلاح والتاهيل في مركز تدريب وتطوير مراكز الاصلاح والتاهيل في الاردن والذين يبلغ عددهم (50) فردا، وقد بينت نتائج الدراسة ان اتجاهات الدارسين على بعد حسن اختيار الدراسة والرغبة فية كانت تقديراتهم مرتفعة وفي بعد مستوى الخدمات المقدمه للدارسين في المركز كانت متوسطه في حين جاءت على بعد ثقافه التنظيم ما بين مرتعه ومتوسطة وفي بعد التخطيط للدراسة والالتزام بالدوام مرتفعة ومتوسطه ,كما دلت الدراسة على عدم وجود فروق دالة احصائيا بين اراء الدارسين اتجاة دبلوم الاصلاح والتاهيل تعزى الى متغير الرتبة العسكرية وسنوات الخبرة والمؤهل العلمي . وقد قدم الباحث العديد من التوصيات في ضوء نتائج هذة الدراسة منها ضرورة الاهتمام المتزايد باعداد العنصر البشري وتطوير مراكز الاصلاح والتاهيل بمحاضرين من ذوي الاختصاص وتوفر الامكانات المادية لعقد مثل هذة الدورات واجراء المزيد من الابحاث والدراسات .