Correctional Center Research Articles

Women offenders’ experiences of rehabilitation in a South African correctional centre

This study explored gendered rehabilitation of women in correctional spaces and the systems and structures that recreate inequities in women’s incarceration experiences. Eighteen black women completed in-depth interviews on their offender rehabilitation experiences. Their age ranged from 23 to 69 years old, and they were mostly incarcerated for violent offenses. Thematic analysis of the interview data yielded the following themes: lack of active participation in rehabilitation processes; exclusion through language and religion; and enforcement of domestication for incarcerated women. Social justice centred approaches that recognise the diversity (classification, socio-cultural background, and gender dynamics) of people inhabiting correctional centres would help reduce disparities in correctional rehabilitation that disadvantage women offenders.

Cancer screening in prisons: lessons for health providers.

Lifestyle factors place those who experience incarceration at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from a range of preventable diseases, including cancer. Two nurses were employed for a period of 6months to facilitate bowel and breast cancer screening of prisoners across four correctional centres in Queensland. We identify factors impacting on cancer screening in prisons and document the outcomes for those screened. Both screening programs produced a positivity rate of ∼17% in those screened, with 23 individuals returning a positive faecal occult blood test and five women requiring further investigations following breast screening. At 3months postscreening, all of the positive cases had been referred for further investigations. It is likely that the screening programs were instrumental in preventing morbidity (and mortality) in the subgroup with positive test results. Cancer screening within the prison environment presents a number of challenges. Intervention at the individual and systems level is required to ensure prisoners can access a standard of care equal to that provided in the community.

Organization of educational work with convicts serving sentences in correctional centers

Organization of educational work with convicts serving sentences in correctional centers

The Role of Community Advisor as Case Managers in Revitalization Correctional at Correctional Center

The Role of Community Advisor as Case Managers in Revitalization Correctional at Correctional Center

Incarcerated students' experiences of UNISA’s open distance e-learning at one Medium Correctional Centre

Technology mediated pedagogies of the 21st century present new and unprecedented challenges for incarcerated tertiary students. The researchers, employing a qualitative exploratory research design, sought to explore the learning experiences of UNISA students incarcerated at Baviaanspoort Medium Correctional Centre. Six participants were sampled purposively and recruited to participate during a focus group interview. Qualitative content analysis revealed the ever-changing landscape of higher education due to the advent of digitised e-learning; the unique challenges encountered by incarcerated students studying at tertiary level; strategies for overcoming barriers associated with ODeL; and that lastly, in the context of imprisonment, student-centeredness is still primarily informed by a constructivist approach to ODL. The study concluded that students’ learning experiences, and by extension, academic success, can be enhanced provided learner support is augmented for incarcerated tertiary students.

EXPLORING THE PERCEPTIONS OF CORRECTIONAL SERVICE PROVIDERS AND ELDERLY PAROLEES OF POST-INCARCERATION SOCIAL WORK PROGRAMMES IN ETHEKWINI METROPOLITAN

This qualitative study explored the perceptions of correctional service providers and elderly parolees regarding post-incarceration social work programmes. Primary data were drawn from semi-structured interviews conducted with 15 (n=15) elderly parolees, three (n=3) social workers and two (n=2) correctional officials from South Africa’s Department of Correctional Services. The findings of this study indicated that correctional social work programmes often did not prioritise the unique needs of elderly parolees; the study findings also revealed the urgent need for developing social work programmes that cater exclusively to the needs of elderly parolees. Moreover, the study found the need for developing ongoing training programmes to strengthen reintegration services offered to the elderly cohort, and finally, the study also revealed that the increase in the number of elderly offenders being released on parole impacted negatively on the responsiveness of social work post-incarceration programmes. This article concludes by offering recommendations to the Department of Correctional Services and social workers working in community correctional centres. Keywords: community correctional centres, correctional service providers, elderly parolees, post-incarceration, reintegration services, social work programmes

The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy with Emotional Intelligence Training on Social Adjustment in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder

Aim: This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with emotional intelligence training on social adjustment of adolescents with conduct disorder. Method: The present research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group (two experimental groups and one control group). The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescents with conduct disorder who are present in the Tehran Correctional Center in 1398. Samples were screened from subjects with conduct disorder, 45 adolescents were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group of 15 people in each group). Sampling was done purposefully in the selection stage of the subjects and randomly in the replacement stage in the experimental and control groups. The data collection tool in this study was the California Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1953). Multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotional intelligence training are effective in increasing social adjustment of adolescents with conduct disorder (P<0.001). Also, comparison of the two experimental groups showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has a greater effect on increasing adolescent social adjustment (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotional intelligence training are effective in increasing social adjustment of adolescents with conduct disorder.

Prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Taif social correctional center, Saudi Arabia.

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are primarily distinguished through their genetic characteristics. These strains carry the smaller types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome, specifically types IV and V. These infections occur mostly in healthy younger patients, and have been linked to such severe clinical conditions as necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis. A higher risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contagion exists among incarcerated sub-populations; therefore, this study investigated colonization rate and risk factors among the residents of the Taif Social Correctional Center. The study included 93 inmates and 19 employees. Specimens were collected from participants' noses and hands and from different environmental locations. The isolated organisms were identified according to standard microbiological methods. Methicillin resistance was evaluated using the standard cefoxitin disk diffusion method and oxacillin screen agar procedure. Methicillin resistance was further confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. High methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization rate was found among the center residents (24.7%) and employees (15.8%). Long duration of residence in the correctional institution and bad hand hygiene emerged as prominent risk factors for this colonization. An antibiogram categorized the isolated strains into six phenotypes, with a predominance of two antibiotic-resistant patterns suggesting cross-contamination and the presence of local foci of dissemination. Taif Social Correctional Center residents exhibited a higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization than was found in similar institutions. Poor personal hygiene and infection control measures are likely the major contributors to the problem.

Problematizing transitions in relation to correctional centres for people living with HIV: Unpacking the taken for granted.

Transitions into and out of correctional facilities for people living with HIV are a pivotal point in the HIV treatment cascade where adherence metrics are significantly affected. In this paper I use Alvesson and Sandberg’s problematization method of literature analysis to critique and understand the taken-for-granted assumptions underpinning how knowledge is generated within the intersecting fields of HIV, transitions, and corrections. Utilizing problematization, two assumptions underpinning knowledge generation are identified: the linearity of the HIV care continuum model and the tendency to create and perpetuate spatially segregating metaphors of transitions inside versus outside correctional facilities for people living with HIV. These assumptions are discussed in the context of how they shape dominant ways of thinking and practicing in the field. An alternative way to understand transitions for people living with HIV is proposed along with recommendations to guide the HIV care practices of nurses and other healthcare providers.

Barriers and enablers to health and social services for older prisoners transitioning to community

PurposeWhen properly designed and implemented, prison-to-community transition programs targeting older prisoners could potentially save resources, reduce reoffending rates and contribute to improved public protection and safety. However, older prisoners transitioning to community are often neglected and overlooked, and thus, interventions targeted to address their needs are limited. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and enablers to health and social services for older prisoners transitioning to community.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions with corrections officers, community corrections officers and parole officers (n = 32) in four correctional centres, two community corrections offices (CCOs) and one parole unit in New South Wales (NSW) in 2019. The authors used thematic analysis to analyse the findings.FindingsThe study identified three main themes relating to barriers and enablers: organisational, social and economic and individual and family and seven sub-themes: planning the transition, communication, assisting prisoners, transition programs, officers’ knowledge and scope of work, social and economic issues and offenders’ conditionsResearch limitations/implicationsThe processes required to ensure effective prison-to-community transition of older prisoners are not well-developed suggesting the need for more systemic and organised mechanisms. Implications of the barriers and enablers for policy, research and practice are discussed.Originality/valueThis study identified a composite of barriers and enablers to health and social services for older prisoners in NSW prisons and CCOs.

Outcome of Tuberculosis Case Surveillance at Kano Central Correctional Center, North-west Nigeria: A Need for Routine Active Case Findings for TB in Nigerian Correctional Centers

Aim: To demonstrate the need for routine active TB case finding in Nigerian correctional centers through a TB case surveillance intervention at the largest correctional centre in the most populous state in Nigeria by KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation Nigeria.
 Study Design: It was a retrospective review of public health intervention data derived from the mass TB screening of Kano central correctional centre inmates in Kano state, Nigeria. Methodology: A digital X-ray with artificial intelligence (AI) was used for mass TB screening of 1,967 consenting inmates at the Kano central correctional centre in Kano state, Nigeria, from 21st September to 2nd October 2020. Participants with CAD4TB score ≥ 60 had a GeneXpert assessment of their sputa for TB diagnosis. Where sputum production was not possible, or GeneXpert result was negative, expert clinical evaluation of the presumptive radiogram was carried out by experienced radiologist. Data from the project were extracted and analysed for this report. Proportions and means were compared with Fisher Exact test and Student t-test, respectively. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results: Overall, 1,967 inmates were screened for TB and 92 (4.7%) presumptive were identified - males (4.8%, 91/92), females (1.9%, 1/92). Out of the 92 presumptive, 21 males were diagnosed as TB cases giving a TB prevalence of 1.1% among the inmates and 22.8% among presumptive. One of the TB cases had multi-drug resistant TB. The number needed to screen (NNS) was 94. All TB cases were enrolled in treatment.
 Conclusion: The prevalence of TB at the Kano central correctional centre during the mass TB screening project was high. The National Tuberculosis Control Programme of Nigeria should accelerate the planned paradigm shift from passive to active case-finding for TB in Nigerian correctional centers.

Nearest neighbors-based adaptive density peaks clustering with optimized allocation strategy

Density peaks clustering (DPC) model is simple and effective in clustering data of any shape, and has attracted wide attention from scholars in recent years. However, it is difficult for DPC to determine the cutoff distance when calculating the local density of points, and to select the correct cluster centers of data with large differences of density between clusters or multi-density peaks in clusters; in addition, the point allocation method in DPC has low accuracy. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper presents a novel nearest neighbors-based adaptive DPC algorithm with an optimized allocation strategy (NADPC in short), and demonstrates its application in image clustering. First, the mutual nearest neighbor relationship between points is defined, the mutual neighborhood of point is proposed, and then a new local density of points is defined and does not need to set the cutoff distance. The candidate cluster centers and relative density are developed. According to the relative density and the high-density nearest neighbor distance of candidate cluster centers, their credibility as the cluster centers is calculated, and then the cluster centers are selected. Second, the mutual neighbor degree and similarity between two points are constructed. The neighborhoods of points are defined according to the high-density nearest neighbor, shared nearest neighbors, mutual neighbor degree and similarity, respectively. The similarity set, similarity domain, positive set, negative set, prediction set, positive value and predicted value of point are provided based on the above-mentioned neighborhoods. Then the optimized allocation strategy of points is proposed. Finally, the allocation algorithms of the non-abnormal and abnormal points are designed, respectively, and then the NADPC algorithm is designed. To evaluate the effectiveness of NADPC, it has been applied to 22 synthetic datasets and 26 actual datasets including 4 image datasets, and has great performance in terms of several evaluation metrics when compared with the other latest clustering algorithms.

Effects Of Rehabilitation Counselling and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy on the Reduction of Recidivism Among Prison Inmates in Correctional Centre of Ebonyi State

Effects Of Rehabilitation Counselling and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy on the Reduction of Recidivism Among Prison Inmates in Correctional Centre of Ebonyi State

Hepatitis C treatment as prevention in the prison setting: Assessments of acceptability of treatment scale up efforts by prison correctional and health personnel.

Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is prevalent in the prison setting, with sharing of unsterile injecting equipment the most common mode of transmission in high income countries. Mathematical modelling suggests that HCV treatment scale-up could prevent onward transmission, known as treatment as prevention. Direct-acting antivirals have enabled rapid scale up of HCV treatment, underpinning the first clinical trial of treatment as prevention in the prison setting. The Surveillance and Treatment of Prisoners with hepatitis C (SToP-C) study was carried out in four correctional centres in New South Wales, Australia. This paper utilises Sekhon's Theoretical Framework of Acceptability to examine correctional, prison health, and study personnel's assessments of acceptability of HCV treatment as prevention in the prison setting. Correctional (n=24) and health personnel (n=17) including officers, nurses (including seven study nurses), and senior administrators across the four prisons where SToP-C was delivered, participated in interviews. This included two maximum security, one minimum security, and one women's medium/minimum security prison. Data analysis was informed by a seven-component theory of acceptability. Participants reported broad acceptability of HCV treatment as prevention in the prison setting across five components of acceptability (affective attitude, burden, ethicality, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy). Attributes contributing to acceptability included reduced HCV prevalence within the prison, and public health benefits for the community when people are released without HCV (affective attitude). Elements which may negatively impact on acceptability included limited clinic space (burden) and lack of correctional officers' understanding of availability of equivalent healthcare in the community (ethicality). System-wide prison participation was viewed as necessary for treatment as prevention to be successful (perceived effectiveness), while nonjudgmental care was seen as instrumental to HCV treatment scale up efforts (self-efficacy). Correctional and prison-based health personnel view HCV treatment as prevention as an acceptable health intervention. Overall, environmental issues relating to implementation (i.e., clinic space) were viewed as requiring a strategic approach to support prison-wide HCV treatment scale up.

Pelaksanaan Pembimbingan dan Pengawasan Klien Asimilasi Covid-19 di Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas II Garut

The emergence of a very dangerous country at this time has made the world experience the effects of epidemics in various fields. This pandemic is happening in every country in the world. This outbreak is known as the Covid-19 Pandemic or Corona Virus Disease (covid-19). As a form of preventing the spread of the corona virus in Correctional Institutions, the Directorate General of Corrections through Circular of the Director General of Corrections Number: PAS-20.PR.01.01 of 2020 concerning Progressive Steps to Overcome the Spread of Corona Virus (Covid-19) in Correctional Technical Implementing Units in the form of assimilation and integration. In terms of supervising and supervising supervision and children, the Penitentiary Refers to a Community Advisor to carry out this obligation online. This study aims to provide an explanation of the function of the Correctional Center as well as efforts to optimize it even as a supervising institution that is assimilated at home in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The study was conducted using qualitative methods by observation at the Garut Class II Correctional Center. The results of this study found that the correctional center was optimal in guiding and supervising the assimilation and integration of Covid-19 clients.

Pelaksanaan Pembimbingan dan Pengawasan Klien Asimilasi Covid-19 di Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas II Garut

The emergence of a very dangerous country at this time has made the world experience the effects of epidemics in various fields. This pandemic is happening in every country in the world. This outbreak is known as the Covid-19 Pandemic or Corona Virus Disease (covid-19). As a form of preventing the spread of the corona virus in Correctional Institutions, the Directorate General of Corrections through Circular of the Director General of Corrections Number: PAS-20.PR.01.01 of 2020 concerning Progressive Steps to Overcome the Spread of Corona Virus (Covid-19) in Correctional Technical Implementing Units in the form of assimilation and integration. In terms of supervising and supervising supervision and children, the Penitentiary Refers to a Community Advisor to carry out this obligation online. This study aims to provide an explanation of the function of the Correctional Center as well as efforts to optimize it even as a supervising institution that is assimilated at home in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The study was conducted using qualitative methods by observation at the Garut Class II Correctional Center. The results of this study found that the correctional center was optimal in guiding and supervising the assimilation and integration of Covid-19 clients.

The Motherhood Penalty—Understanding the Gendered Role of Motherhood in the Life Histories of Incarcerated South African Women

The number of incarcerated women in South Africa has steadily increased over the last decade. However, as a minority in the carceral population of the country, their narratives are underrepresented. An emergent body of feminist, gender responsive research has found that motherhood is central to the narratives of incarcerated women. This study endeavored to document the life histories of 17 women who are incarcerated in the largest correctional center in South Africa. The narratives of these women explicate how the gendered role of motherhood impacted on their incarceration pathways, contributing to the developing literature of justice-involved women in South Africa.

PELAKSANAAN HAK KLIEN PEMASYARAKATAN UNTUK MEMPEROLEH BIMBINGAN DI BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN KLAS I PADANG

One of the goals of the Correctional System is to prepare Correctional Inmates (WBP) or hereinafter referred to as Correctional Clients so that they can integrate in a healthy manner and play a responsible role again in the family and the wider community. Class I Correctional Center Padang as a Technical Implementation Unit from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of West Sumatra as a law enforcer who carries out duties in the field of guiding Correctional Clients who must carry out correctional duties and functions based on applicable legal rules so that the fulfillment and protection of Human Rights can be realized. The fulfillment of the client's rights is regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections and the rules for its implementation.

Implementation of Transcendental-Based Juvenile Criminal Sanctions

The development of law in Indonesia is carried out based on the noble values contained in the precepts of Pancasila. These noble values are actually an inseparable part of transcendental values. Transcendental thought is an alternative to answer the failure of the positivistic view in solving legal problems in society. Regarding the implementation of juvenile criminal sanctions which commit criminal acts as regulated by Law number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, it turns out that in its regulation it has implemented transcendental values by placing child as noble creatures created by God who must always be guided and protected even though they have been or have committed a mistake or crime. Regulations on diversion, restorative justice, strengthening the role of the correctional center and the types of crimes that are humane are evidence that the implementation of juvenile criminal sanctions in Indonesia has contained transcendental values. Keywords: Implementation of Sanctions, Transcendental, Juvenile Crime

Most Wanted

Most Wanted Quayshaun Bailey (bio) Most Wanted As I come out with my hands upMy past comes to me in flashes.If anyone asks it,All I can say is it was good while it lasted. Evading my capture,Fleeing—eluding, avoiding crashes.But now it's all past tense,Dust-to-dust; ashes-to-ashes. Part of me hates it when this happens,Cuz last time didn't end well.That shit knocked the wind out of meAnd it took me awhile to inhale. Cuz I fought so hard for it,So when I noticed that it failedIt forced me to runAnd I ended up breaking the bond and skipped bail. But "its well" is what's saidIn another part of my brain.Like "these are different times andCircumstances, it's hardly the same." Cuz this time its not a set-upFor some heartache or pain.It's a chance for new opportunities,A fresh start, and some change. It's just strangeGoing through all this again, my brain is buzzin'.My eyes are wideAnd it's a funny feeling inside my stomach. But in a way I am relievedCuz I always knew that my time was coming. [End Page 237] And it's 'bout time you brung it,Cuz deep down I'm tired of running. And I don't want to duck, hide, or nothing,But please trust me;I've still got memoriesOf how the last situation crushed me. Cut me, scarred me, bruised meAnd even scuffed me.So "don't handle me roughly"Is all that I say as I let you cuff me. It must be something wrong with meIs yelled from everyone that's close.Saying if they were me,They would've ran off as soon as you approached. And I used to be just like them,Preferring to see my face on a most wanted post.But now I see that all alongThis is what I wanted most. [End Page 238] Quayshaun Bailey Quayshaun Bailey is a poet and author from Preoria, IL. He currently resides at Stateville Correctional Center and is enrolled in the Northwestern Prison Education Program with Northwestern University. He was first introduced to poetry by his mother as a kid and credits her for his interest in creative writing. He is presently working on a book compiling some of his works. Copyright © 2020 Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University