Prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Taif social correctional center, Saudi Arabia.

Khalid Jamaan Alzahrani,Khalaf Faisal Alsharif,Mazen Mohamed Almehmadi,Alwaleed Abdullah Almuwalld,Fahad Abdullah Al-Ghamdi,Emad Mohamed Eed,Saud Faisal Alotaibi,Taisir Saber,Salem Hamed Alamri

doi:10.3855/jidc.14999

Khalid Jamaan Alzahrani, Khalaf Faisal Alsharif + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14999

Copy DOI

Abstract

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are primarily distinguished through their genetic characteristics. These strains carry the smaller types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome, specifically types IV and V. These infections occur mostly in healthy younger patients, and have been linked to such severe clinical conditions as necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis. A higher risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contagion exists among incarcerated sub-populations; therefore, this study investigated colonization rate and risk factors among the residents of the Taif Social Correctional Center. The study included 93 inmates and 19 employees. Specimens were collected from participants' noses and hands and from different environmental locations. The isolated organisms were identified according to standard microbiological methods. Methicillin resistance was evaluated using the standard cefoxitin disk diffusion method and oxacillin screen agar procedure. Methicillin resistance was further confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. High methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization rate was found among the center residents (24.7%) and employees (15.8%). Long duration of residence in the correctional institution and bad hand hygiene emerged as prominent risk factors for this colonization. An antibiogram categorized the isolated strains into six phenotypes, with a predominance of two antibiotic-resistant patterns suggesting cross-contamination and the presence of local foci of dissemination. Taif Social Correctional Center residents exhibited a higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization than was found in similar institutions. Poor personal hygiene and infection control measures are likely the major contributors to the problem.

Highlights

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are primarily distinguished through their genetic characteristics
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has defined CA-Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as “any MRSA infection diagnosed for an outpatient or within 48 hours of hospitalization if the patient lacks the following healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) risk factors: hemodialysis, surgery, residence in a long-term healthcare facility or hospitalization during the previous year, the presence of an indwelling catheter or a percutaneous device at the Alzahrani et al – community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) prevalence in social correctional center
No significant difference in smoking rate was observed between the two groups, but diabetes was more prevalent among the Taif Social Correctional Center (TSCC) employees

Summary

Introduction

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are primarily distinguished through their genetic characteristics. These strains carry the smaller types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome, types IV and V. A higher risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contagion exists among incarcerated sub-populations; this study investigated colonization rate and risk factors among the residents of the Taif Social Correctional Center Methodology: The study included 93 inmates and 19 employees. Conclusions: Taif Social Correctional Center residents exhibited a higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization than was found in similar institutions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has defined CA-MRSA as “any MRSA infection diagnosed for an outpatient or within 48 hours of hospitalization if the patient lacks the following healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) risk factors: hemodialysis, surgery, residence in a long-term healthcare facility or hospitalization during the previous year, the presence of an indwelling catheter or a percutaneous device at the Alzahrani et al – CA-MRSA prevalence in social correctional center

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion