Correct Understanding Research Articles

Engineering Professors' Conceptions on the Conceptual Field of Electrostatics in Mexico

This study explores the conceptual understanding of electromagnetism among physics professors at the Aeronautical University in Querétaro, Mexico. While student misconceptions in electromagnetism have been extensively studied, research on professors' understanding and its potential impact remains limited (Pardhan & Bano, 2001). This research aims to address this gap by focusing on the core concepts of electrostatic force, electric field, and electric potential. Eight professors participated in the study. Their academic background, electromagnetism course history, and teaching experience were documented. A three-tier diagnostic test, based on Vergnaud's theory of conceptual fields, was then used to assess their conceptualisation of these concepts and their interrelationships. The analysis revealed that only one professor consistently demonstrated correct understanding across all three concepts. Interestingly, this professor was also the one with the most extensive teaching experience in the subject. The results suggest a potential connection between teaching experience and a deeper conceptual understanding of electromagnetism. Further research is needed to explore this connection and its implications for mitigating student misconceptions through effective teaching practices.

A UV-related risk analysis in ophthalmic malignancies: Increased UV exposure may cause ocular malignancies

PurposeTo explore the role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the occurrence and development of various ocular malignancies. MethodsIn this article, we retrieved ocular malignancy data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and performed correlation analysis with the global UV index and sunshine duration. We searched for associated studies using the following databases: Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. We conducted the literature by searching the Mesh terms denoting an exposure of interest ("UV radiation", "ultraviolet rays", and "ocular malignancies", All studies included are published until December 30, 2023 without language restrictions. ResultsThe mechanisms and epidemiological statistics of UVR on the onset and progression of eyelid malignancies are the most studied and clear. The role of UVR in conjunctival melanoma is similar to that in eyelid melanoma. The relationship between uveal melanoma and UVR is controversial, however, it may have at least a certain impact on its prognosis. UVR causes ocular surface squamous neoplasia by further activating HPV infection. ConclusionsUVR is a decisive risk factor for ocular malignancies, but the incidence of ultraviolet-induced tumors is also affected by many other factors. A correct and comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of UVR in the pathogenesis of ocular malignant tumors can provide patients with more effective and selective immune regulation strategies.

Социально незащищенные категории семей: проблемы соблюдения норм противопожарного режима в местах их проживания

The article provides the first scientific and practical commentary on the norm set out in paragraph 851 of the Rules of Fire Protection in the Russian Federation, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1479 of September 16, 2020, which entered into force on March 1, The problem of ensuring fire safety of large families, families in a difficult life situation, in a socially dangerous situation, living in residential premises (rooms, apartments, residential buildings) belonging to them by right of ownership or being in their use is considered, as well as legal acts regulating fire safety issues are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the problems of compliance with the new norm of these Rules, as well as the implementation of state fire supervision, were identified. In order to solve the task set by the state to reduce the number of fires, save the population, correct and unambiguous understanding by individuals and public authorities of their responsibilities, the authors formulated proposals to amend the Family Code of the Russian Federation and the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

Methodological suggestions for creating subquestions for the Force Concept Inventory (and other research-based assessments)

The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) is a research-based assessment that is used internationally to assess student understanding of Newtonian mechanics. The assessment has been investigated from a number of perspectives and many suggestions have been made for its improvement. One suggestion is the creation of subquestions. Subquestions are a tool to reduce false positives (answering a survey item correctly without correct understanding) and false negatives (answering incorrectly despite correct understanding). In this presentation, we will discuss how we created subquestions for two items on the FCI, informed by survey-based interviews with students and the original intended targets of the items. Our research aims are not only to present the subquestions we developed, but to share our methodology of creating these subquestions, as this methodology can be used in general for producing subquestions on other research-based assessments as well.

Прогнозування потенційних похибок аномалій висот глобальних моделей геоїда для різних систем припливів

The article presents the method of predicting the errors of height anomalies obtained from high-order global geoid models (EGM_2008, EIGEN_6C4, GECO, XGM2019e2159, SGG_UGM_2) and taking into account different tide systems (free/zero/mean-tide). A correct understanding of how much the choice of the global model height tide system affects the accuracy of calculating the normal heights of the Earth’s physical surface is an important component for obtaining reliable results. The purpose of the work is to predict the potential errors of height anomalies for three main concepts of tidal corrections (tidal systems) used in the creation of global geoid models. Method. The essence of the prediction method is to find a connection between the height anomalies of the global geoid models and the PL-quasi-geoid2021 regional quasi-geoid model. On the basis of the established connection, the prediction of potential errors of height anomalies was made, taking into account the choice of one or another system of tides. The prediction of the errors of height anomalies is implemented on the basis of 200 GNSS stations located on the territory of Ukraine and in the border sector. To find the connection between the heights of the global geoid models and the PL-quasi-geoid2021 regional model, a territory was allocated in the western border sector measuring 48°-52° in latitude and 21°-25° in longitude. For 36 GNSS stations located in the border area, a scale coefficient between global and regional height anomalies was found. Results. In the border sector, the factual errors of height anomalies are estimated at the level of 0.01-0.03 m based on the standard deviation and at the level of the mean square deviation of 0.17–0.18 m, 0.15-0.16 m, and 0.08–0.09 m for the free, zero and mean-tide systems, respectively. The standard deviations of the predicted potential errors for the border sector were 0.02-0.03 m, and the mean square values were 0.17–0.18 m, 0.13 m and 0.06 m for similar tidal systems. The residual errors of height anomalies for the border sector amounted to 0.03 m according to the standard and mean square deviation. Assessment of accuracy prediction of potential errors of height anomalies of models EGM_2008, EIGEN_6C4, GECO, XGM2019e2159, SGG_UGM_2 carried out on the basis of 200 GNSS stations was 0.03 m by standard deviation and 0.15 m (free-tide), 0.13 m (zero-tide) and 0.06 m (mean-tide) by mean square value. Scientific novelty. First implemented was the prediction of potential errors of height anomalies of global geoid models, which was performed by the scale factor for GNSS stations located on the territory of Ukraine and taking into account different tidal systems. Practical significance. The predicted errors of height anomalies make it possible to calculate the normal heights of GNSS stations and points on the Earth’s physical surface with an accuracy of about 3 cm. The obtained results allow the use of height anomalies of global geoid models of high order for more accurate geodetics work.

Exploring We Media's Impact on Sex Education in Chinese University Students

Sex education is an essential component of public health, involving topics such as sexual health, relationships, and identity. In China, the Internet and We Media have become major sources of information for university students, potentially shaping their attitudes and behaviors regarding sex education. While there is a lot of literature on sex education in China and the influence of the internet, there is a need to understand the specific impact of We Media on university students’ sex education. This paper will discuss the impact of We Media on sex education including sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors among Chinese university students. The study found that We Media provides Chinese university students with comprehensive sexual knowledge and understanding; however, exercising judgment and critical thinking about the content is necessary. Sexual attitudes have been correctly and positively reversed through the intervention of We Media. At the same time, the inappropriate behaviors resulting from Chinese university students' lack of correct understanding of sexual behavior have been reduced.

The Effects of Metacognitive Strategies on Reading Comprehension of ESL Students

In Pakistan, English holds prestige as an official language. Being the language of instruction, reading comprehension of the English language is crucial in the development of critical thinking and equips learners to understand complex content. In this regard, metacognition can help the learner by understanding their thinking and improving their learning processes. Many studies show that by applying metacognitive strategies, students can develop their critical reading skills to comprehend advanced reading material. However, without correct application and understanding of the process, teachers and students remain in want of achieving results. This article explores the development of reading comprehension of ESL students by implementing meta-cognitive strategies in the students of the M.A. English programme. The aim is to explore the relation between metacognitive strategies (planning, monitoring and evaluating) and reading comprehension, and how metacognitive awareness has a direct impact on reading comprehension of ESL students.

The Mental Health Literacy Status of Pregnant Women in Eastern Iran Regarding Postpartum Depression and its Associated Factors

Background and aims: Reducing the burden of mental health disorders can be achieved by increasing mental health literacy. The purpose of the current study was to investigate mental health literacy regarding postpartum depression among pregnant women in eastern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 pregnant women referred to health centers of Sarayan City (eastern Iran) in 2022. A standard health literacy questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 19.0 using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.28±1.5 years. In total, 96% had a diploma or a lower education level, and 59.6% had an average monthly income of less than 5 million Tomans. The mean total mental health literacy score regarding postpartum depression was 110.96±20.28 (score range: 31-155). The highest score was related to the attitude towards postpartum depression (3.73±0.91), and the lowest was related to the field of awareness of health services (3.09±1.36). The regression analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between mental health literacy (P<0.0001) and income (B=0.4) and education (B=0.3). Conclusion: The findings showed that the pregnant women participating in the research had an average level of mental health literacy. Since low health literacy prevents the correct understanding of health messages, it is recommended that mental health literacy should be increased and pregnant women should be empowered through education, especially mothers with lower income and educational levels.

Значение структурно-функционального анализа для формирования понятийного аппарата права социального обеспечения

The round table conference held on September 20, 2023, by the Center for Labor and Social Security Law of the Lomonosov MSU and dedicated to the problems of the conceptual framework of social security law proved that the issues related to industry-specific concepts are relevant. Such issues include the development of concept definitions and the use of special terminological framework. Opinions of leading law scholars and famous economists studying social security issues that were expressed during the round table meeting will be reflected in further publications. In this article, the author pays attention to the importance of correct and accurate understanding of not only general key and generic concepts of social security law but also the concepts of the very first level of the social security law system: specific pensions, allowances, other security types as these are the elements that develop the initial idea of social security. The concepts are analyzed from the standpoint of systematic nature of the industry and taking into account the rules of the structural and functional analysis.

Knowledge graph question answering based on relational attention enhancement and feature cross-coding

Knowledge graph question answering aims to answer natural language questions using structured knowledge graph data. The key to achieving this is having a correct semantic understanding of the question phrases. Query graph generation is an important step for knowledge graph question answering systems to tackle complex questions. Unlike simple single-hop questions, complex questions often require reasoning between multiple triples to get the right answer due to multiple entities, relationships and constraints, making it difficult to generate correct query graphs. In previous studies, researchers have primarily focused on improving the extraction and representation of question features, neglecting the prior structural information implicated in the question itself. In this paper, we propose a question structure classifier to classify the question structure, and alleviate the noise interference in query graph through classification results. In the classifier, we strengthen the information about the question structure through the attention mechanism, while weakening the irrelevant information. Moreover, a query graph sorting module based on feature cross-coding is proposed to sort candidate paths in the query graph using fine-grained feature interaction between words. Extensive experiments are conducted on two public datasets (MetaQA and WebQuestionsSP) and the experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other baselines.

Study on the Optimization Strategies of English Graded Reading in Rural Junior High Schools

Abstract: In order to better improve the reading ability of rural students and promote the development of junior high school English in rural areas, this paper describes the importance of graded reading in English teaching in rural areas, and tries to analyze the problems and deficiencies in junior high school English reading teaching from the perspectives of students, teachers and society. The main problems are that rural students lack a correct understanding of English learning, teachers lack graded reading teaching skills, and the teaching facilities in rural schools are poor. Based on this, this paper suggests that students should change their perceptions of English learning psychologically, teachers should master the skills of English graded reading and schools should provide a good English reading environment. This study finds that in rural English reading teaching, teachers need to take into account the cognitive ability of rural middle school students, the awareness of multi-level reading teaching and the teaching facilities of rural middle school. On the basis of teachers􀆳 awareness of multi-level reading teaching, reading materials suitable for students􀆳 multi-level reading are selected and the existing teaching reading materials and teaching facilities are used to pay attention to students􀆳 subjective initiative in class and extracurricular reading and stimulate students􀆳 interest in reading, so as to promote the gradual improvement of students􀆳 reading ability.

Experience of focused workshop intervention in presentation skills - Importance of foundational skills for ophthalmologists in training

Background The study was conducted to assess the impact of a workshop intervention designed to enhance presentation skills of ophthalmology fellows. Methods A 10-hour workshop was conducted for ophthalmology trainees. Trainees were invited via email to participate by preparing a five-minute slide presentation and presenting it in person. Trainees from the fellowship 2022 batch (19 females and ten males) were included in the study. Participants completed a self-rating questionnaire to assess improvement in their presentation skills at different time points: Pre-Workshop (after introduction), During the Workshop (after trainee presentation), End-Workshop Intervention (after conclusion of all presentations), and Post-Workshop (scope of improvement). The self-rating questionnaire utilized a ten-point rating scale (1–10) and evaluated properties and content (PC) and soft skills (SS). Data were analysed using SPSS software. Friedman and post-hoc tests compared self-ratings at four time points. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Results The self-rating scores indicated presentation skills PC and SS significantly (Friedman Test, p<0.001) improved at the post-workshop self-rating (PC4 and SS4) compared to earlier time points (PC1, PC2, PC3 and SS1, SS2, SS3). Conclusions Presentation skills empower medical professionals to better communicate with diverse audiences, demonstrating their currency in medical knowledge, lobbying for correct understanding, and bringing praxis to pedagogy. The findings support the integration of similar workshops into medical curricula to foster well-rounded medical professionals.

MANUSIA PELAKU DARI ANTROPOSENTRISME MANUSIA DAN ALAM SEMESTA

Humans are creatures that are the center of the earth and mangula is often referred to in environmentalethical theory as humans are positioned tobe the central being son earth, but sometimes in anthropocentrism thinking it gives preservation to the universe but humans can also destroy or dissolve all universes with their advantages so that human needs and desires which is fulfilled without looking at the damaged environment, but humans can also preserve the universe as a whole, in Hindu religious teachings which are included in the teachings of the Hinducosmological concept interms of the creation of the entire universe.Cosmology is one of the important knowledge in Hinduism, because cosmology not only provides knowledge about the creation of the universe, further more cosmology can explain the true nature of human beings,which has so far been difficult to understand.Cosmological teachings in Bali are written down in local theology. In particular, lontars or Shivaistic texts always put forward the teachings or knowledge of God (Stwa)and knowledge of the path to attaining Himand the creation of the universe,be it bhuana agung or bhuana alit.For this reason, true knowledge and proper implementation of concepts are also needed it is especially important to put forward the concept of Hindu cosmology in the Bhuana Kosa text on the correct understanding in everyday life burning a harmonious life and increasing devotion to God.

Perception–Intention–Action Cycle in Human–Robot Collaborative Tasks: The Collaborative Lightweight Object Transportation Use-Case

AbstractThis study proposes to improve the reliability, robustness and human-like nature of Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC). For that, the classical Perception–Action cycle is extended to a Perception–Intention–Action (PIA) cycle, which includes an Intention stage at the same level as the Perception one, being in charge of obtaining both the implicit and the explicit intention of the human, opposing to classical approaches based on inferring everything from perception. This complete cycle is exposed theoretically including its use of the concept of Situation Awareness, which is shown as a key element for the correct understanding of the current situation and future action prediction. This enables the assignment of roles to the agents involved in a collaborative task and the building of collaborative plans. To visualize the cycle, a collaborative transportation task is used as a use-case. A force-based model is designed to combine the robot’s perception of its environment with the force exerted by the human and other factors in an illustrative way. Finally, a total of 58 volunteers participate in two rounds of experiments. In these, it is shown that the human agrees to explicitly state their intention without undue extra effort and that the human understands that this helps to minimize robot errors or misunderstandings. It is also shown that a system that correctly combines inference with explicit elicitation of the human’s intention is the best rated by the human on multiple parameters related to effective Human–Robot Interaction (HRI), such as perceived safety or trust in the robot.

Research on the Impact of Integration of Factor Markets in the Yangtze River Delta Region on High Quality Economic Development

The Yangtze River Delta region is the region with the strongest economic strength and the most intense inter provincial competition in China. While achieving rapid economic growth, there has also been a serious phenomenon of industrial structure convergence. Promoting high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region should start with promoting and supporting market integration in the region. To achieve the dual integration of "integration" and "high-quality" development, we cannot only focus on one aspect. The integrated development strategy of the Yangtze River Delta market is no longer only related to the economic development of the region, but also to the strategic choice of the overall national economy. A correct understanding of the development process and current situation of market integration in the Yangtze River Delta is beneficial for each region to clarify its own positioning and develop the optimal economic growth strategy for the region according to local conditions. It has important theoretical and practical significance for achieving regional coordination and narrowing regional differences. This article will study the impact mechanism of market integration in the Yangtze River Delta region on high-quality economic development from the perspective of factor markets and propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Definition "farmer" in EU legislation and its implementation into the legislation of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the issue of unification in Ukrainian legislation the definitions that are used in the European legislative acts concerning the Common Agricultural policy (hereinafter - CAP), particularly, the definition of "farmer" as a beneficiary of direct payments.
 There are numerous definitions of subjects providing agricultural activity according to the current Ukrainian legislation: agricultural producer, manufacturer of agricultural products, household, agricultural enterprise, subject of agro-industrial complex, agricultural cooperative, individual farm, farming enterprise, family farming enterprise, farming enterprise as an individual entrepreneur. Instead of this the European agricultural law operates with the term "farmer".
 In order to provide the correct and barrier-free applying of CAP provisions that would regulate the agricultural activity of Ukrainian persons, legal and natural ones, after Ukraine becomes the member of the European Union, it is necessary now to conduct a research of the concept of term "farmer" according to EU legislation and the related definitions such as "agricultural activity", "agricultural products", "active farmer", "young farmer", "new farmer". The obtained results could be taking into account in the legislative amendment process that is taking place in Ukraine due to the granted status as a candidate to the EU. Abovementioned is the aim of these thesis.
 In order to gain correct understanding of the term "farmer” in the EU countries the structure of the European agricultural sector is analyzed by the author. Summarizing the conducted research it is stated that due to the European approach enshrined in the CAP the term "farmer” is a general definition to all the persons that provide agricultural activity irrespectively to their size, organizational structure, type of management etc. In order to harmonize the national Ukrainian legislation to the European one there are several propositions how to amend the legislation.

Utilizing Science and Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah in Resolving Contemporary Issues of Islamic Family Law

Contemporary ijtihad is required in the formulation of new formulas, such as legal protection of the rights of children outside marriage whose biological father is known. Reformulation of Jurisprudence as an analysis of Islamic law must be able to answer socio-cultural problems in the modern era, such as proof of the use of DNA as genealogy. An adaptive formulation of Jurisprudence on contemporary cases by combining science and Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah is analyzed in this article. The resolution of Islamic law by referring to the opinions of the Four Madhhabs of Jurisprudence needs to be approached or juxtaposed with science. A correct understanding of the values contained in the sharia and the application of Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah are indispensable in contemporary ijtihad so that the face of Jurisprudence can dialect with the times. So that the determination of lineage by DNA can be used as a legal reference that is adaptive to science and in accordance with the great objectives of Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah.

Kontroversi dan Klarifikasi Thalaq sebagai Hal Halal Namun Dibenci Allah

This research is conducted to address the controversy surrounding the thalaq hadith that circulates widely in society. Various opinions are spread about this hadith without properly delving into the quality of the hadith and solely relying on a single narration. However, thalaq (divorce) is a very sensitive matter, and misunderstanding a hadith without a proper understanding can lead to incorrect beliefs. Using a qualitative approach in the form of literature review, this study aims to explore a correct understanding of the controversial thalaq hadith. The findings of this research indicate that the controversy in society arises due to a lack of in-depth understanding of the origin of the hadith and a failure to comprehend the hadith comprehensively. There are other narrations that strengthen and clarify the thalaq hadith, making it evident that the hadith can be utilized as long as there are no conflicting narrations. Through this research, it is hoped that answers to the controversies circulating in society can be provided.

ЄВРОПЕЇЗАЦІЯ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА АДМІНІСТРУВАННЯ ЯК ПРОЦЕС ФОРМУВАННЯ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

The article substantiates the fundamentally important importance of a methodologically correct understanding of Europeanization as a cultural and ideological phenomenon. It is claimed that the content of Europeanization is socio-cultural, socio-psychological processes and mental attitudes that support the cultural-ideological process of perception of European values in Ukraine. The result of these processes should be the institutional European identity of Ukraine, the completion of which should be based on the establishment of a logical connection along the lines: «society – culture – social institutions – institutional practices of public management and administration – social strata – organizations – small groups – the individual». The logic of actions should be aimed at instilling stable habits and traditions of people-centered public management and administration, public management behavior and a way of thinking, adequate to the norms and principles of European governance. In turn, the results of the implementation of governance in Ukraine should be a new institutional order based on trust between the state and regions, the state and business, the state and civil society.
 The authors claim that today in Ukraine to solve the theoretical and practical problems of Europeanization, it is necessary to comprehensively develop the theory of Europeanization, define the strategic goal and expected results of Europeanization in the concept or program of institutional development of Ukraine.

The impact of artificial intelligence technology innovation on economic development -- from the perspective of generative AI products

The new generation of artificial intelligence products, represented by ChatGPT and Wenyan Yixin, is rapidly and extensively integrating into human production and life at an unprecedented pace, breadth, and depth. Generative artificial intelligence possesses distinct characteristics and functionalities compared to rule-based artificial intelligence, exerting a more prominent dual impact on the high-quality development of China's economy. On the one hand, it can promote high-quality economic development through empowering effects such as innovation-driven effects, enhanced production efficiency, and industrial transformation and upgrading effects. On the other hand, it may give rise to deep-seated risks, including labor market disruptions, market monopolization issues, national security risks, and misinformation phenomena, which could hinder high-quality economic development. It is crucial to have a correct understanding and a scientific approach, leveraging its positive effects while proactively addressing negative impacts, guiding it to better serve the needs of China's high-quality economic development.