Corporate Involvement Research Articles

Turning Eastside Kids Into Westside Kids: Employability Skills in the British Columbia Career and Personal Planning Curriculum

This paper critically examines employability skills in the Career and Personal Planning Curriculum (CAPP) that existed in four Vancouver, British Columbia schools from 1995-2004. With corporate involvement in school curriculum on the rise through programs like the Conference Board of Canada's Employability Skills Profile, it is increasingly important for educators to examine the larger role that employer based skills are playing in career education curricula. This paper examines how the corporatized CAPP curriculum influenced the ways in which teachers taught about work and employment skills in their career education classrooms and highlights an important tension whereby students were taught differently based on perceptions of social class. This study reveals that there was an important class distinction to how employability skills are presented to students.

Ignorantia Facti Excusat? The Viability of Due Diligence As a Model to Establish International Criminal Accountability for Corporate Actors Purchasing Natural Resources from Conflict Zones

Corporations purchasing natural resources from conflict regions indirectly contribute to perpetuating often devastating armed conflicts. As a result, calls to hold these corporations accountable for their contribution to the financing of bloody armed conflicts have grown louder in recent years. The current contribution aims to assess the potential of the Rome Statute framework to address corporate involvement in the illegal exploitation of natural resources, focusing specifically on the role of corporate actors in purchasing natural resources from conflict regions. For this purpose, the contribution focuses on the war crime of pillage. It identifies opportunities, constraints and challenges offered by the war crime of pillage. The most important challenge that the current contribution identifies is the issue of mens rea for corporate actors. In search for solutions, the contribution assesses to what extent the investigative duty that is inherent in the due diligence standard could help to determine knowledge for the purpose of international criminal law.

Inhibition of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomised Laboratory Trial in Piglets

Background: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) modulates the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). RAGE inhibition was recently associated with attenuated lung injury and restored alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in a mouse model of ARDS. However, clinical translation will first require assessment of this strategy in larger animals. Methods: Forty-eight anaesthetised Landrace piglets were randomised into a control group and three treatment groups. Animals allocated to treatment groups underwent orotracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid i) alone; ii) in combination with intravenous administration of a RAGE antagonist peptide (RAP), a S100P-derived peptide that prevents activation of RAGE by its ligands, or iii) in combination with intravenous administration of recombinant soluble (s)RAGE that acted as a decoy receptor. The primary outcome measure was net AFC at 4 h. Arterial oxygenation was assessed hourly for 4 h and alveolar-capillary permeability, alveolar inflammation, lung histology and lung mRNA expression of the epithelial sodium channel (α1-ENaC), α1-Na,K-ATPase and aquaporin (AQP)-5 were assessed at 4 h. Findings: Treatment with either RAP or sRAGE improved net AFC rates (median [interquartile range], 21.2 [18.8-21.7] and 19.5 [17.1-21.5] %/h, respectively, versus 12.6 [3.2-18.8] %/h in injured, untreated controls), improved oxygenation and decreased alveolar inflammation and histological evidence of tissue injury after acid-induced ARDS. RAGE inhibition also restored lung mRNA expression of α1-Na, K-ATPase and AQP-5. Interpretation: RAGE inhibition restored AFC and attenuated lung injury in a piglet model of acid-induced ARDS. Funding: Auvergne Regional Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Direction Generale de l'Offre de Soins. Declaration of Interest: No conflict of interest, other source of financial support, corporate involvement, patent holdings, etc. is to be declared for all authors. Ethical Approval: Animals were maintained and all procedures were performed with the approval of the ethics committee of the French Ministere de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche in the Centre International de Chirurgie Endoscopique, School of Medicine - University of Clermont-Ferrand (approval number 01505.03). All experiments were performed in accordance with the “Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments” (ARRIVE) guidelines.

Неинтрузивное измерение температуры потоков жидкости с использованием трубопроводных компенсаторов

The article presents the results of a numerical study that aimed to accuracy improvement for non-intrusive measurements of the liquid flow temperatures in standard pipelines compensators. Non-intrusive measuring devices are one of the modern promising and profitable tools that stimulate the improvement of technologies and the involvement of world corporations in this sphere, while the growing intellectualization of measurements positively affects the safety and efficiency of the industry. The numerical study result is consistent with the results of laboratory tests and shows the general regularity of flow velocity effect the error of non-intrusive temperature measurements. Shown that measurements after the upper or lower elbow of the compensator makes possible to reduce the measurement error in the Reynolds (Re) range of about 1000–7000, which is characteristic for the onset of turbulent flow of a liquid. Also shown that gravity negatively affects the accuracy of measurements, so preference should be given to horizontally located compensators. Obtained that the flow in pipeline determines the largest temperature change in the wall region of the pipe for relatively high Re, and along the pipeline axis for small Reynolds numbers. In combination with the flow characteristics in the compensator, it changes temperature distribution and error, depending on the flow velocity in the pipeline. In particular, this effect determines error decreasing for temperature measurement in the compensators at low Re numbers. The existing surface temperature sensors, with correction the surface temperature measurements to the flow temperature, require calibration to work on flows with Re numbers varying over a wide range, and binding these measurements to pipeline compensators can improve the quality of measurements due to smoothing and, fluctuation thermal and hydrodynamic influences.

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices, Involvement and Participation of Major Tractor Farm Industries in India – A Review

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices, Involvement and Participation of Major Tractor Farm Industries in India – A Review

European Corporate Involvement in the Americass Impact on Capital Market and Currency Union Integration in Europe

The purpose of this study is to provide a contribution to the analysis of foreign cross-listing behaviour in general, and on the state of the integration of the European region's capital markets and economies in specific; while also examining the market preferences of European firms in the Americas and around the world in the context of their integration within the Americas. A logistic regression model is developed which takes into consideration exchange, firm, geographic, and industrial regressors in order to determine whether firms prefer listing on which American stock exchange. Unit-root causality tests and ARCH regressions are run on the economic specific characteristics of the European economies to analyse currency union and finance market integration possibilities. It seems as if the European governments utilise the global financial markets quite efficiently, as the amount of entities they have is relatively equal to the number of issuances. The European governments do look to their home exchanges first for their financing needs, then to the regional European markets, and then to the world markets, thus suggesting that the European governments utilise the financial markets efficiently.

Open-source projects as incubators of innovation: From niche phenomenon to integral part of the industry

Over the last 20 years, open-source development has become an integral part of the software industry. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to develop a systematic overview of open-source communities and their socio-economic contexts. I begin with a reconstruction of the genesis of open-source software projects and their changing relationships to established information technology companies. This is followed by the identification of four ideal-type variants of current open-source projects that differ significantly in their modes of coordination and the degree of corporate involvement. Further, I examine why open-source projects lost their subversive connotations while, in contrast to former cases of collective invention, remaining viable beyond the initial phase of innovation.

Corporate Involvement and the Performance of Internal Corporate Ventures

In this paper, we theoretically derive and empirically analyze various forms of corporate involvement and discuss how they influence the performance of internal corporate ventures (ICVs). Drawing on participative management as a theoretical lens, we theorize about the impact of each of three forms of corporate involvement (corporate framework setting, corporate engagement, and corporate mandates) on ICV sales performance, generating three sets of hypotheses that we confront with novel data drawn from a representative, hand-collected sample of Spanish corporations hosting 86 ICVs. Econometric analysis in form of a double-hurdle model takes account of the truncated nature of ICV sales data, tests our hypotheses, and reveals important insights for scholars, managers, and intrapreneurs.

Corporations, Politics and Democracy

Corporate involvement in democratic processes takes the form of Corporate Political Activity (CPA). This paper develops a framework of political corruption to explain the corroding influence of CPA...

The role of corporate social marketing

PurposeThis commentary aims to discuss the potential role of corporate social marketing and identify instances where corporate involvement in social marketing is appropriate. This argument is based on the rationale that there should be a focus on the social outcomes of initiatives rather than on which organisations are delivering the message.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual and draws on previous marketing, social marketing and health-related literature to discuss the potential positive role of firms in social marketing.FindingsThe paper proposes that there are many instances where corporations can play a vital role in enhancing social outcomes, even though they too may benefit from these social marketing activities (defined as corporate social marketing). It is argued that corporate social marketing is not only appropriate but also may, in fact, be more effective than social marketing undertaken solely by non-profits or governments. However, it is also identified that there may be inappropriate corporate participation in social marketing.Practical implicationsTwo typologies are put forward to assist in evaluating the impact of firm behaviour on society and the situations where corporate social marketing may be more appropriate. These typologies may assist in identifying where firms can play a valuable role in social marketing activities.Social implicationsUse of the typologies proposed will assist in identifying where firms can play a valuable role in social marketing activities and bringing about social benefit.Originality/valueThe discussion of corporate involvement in social marketing generally has been positioned as negative and this paper identifies instances where corporate social marketing may not only be appropriate but also may, in fact, bring about better social outcomes than if the activities were undertaken by government or non-profits.

Open Source Projects as Incubators of Innovation: From Niche Phenomenon to Integral Part of the Software Industry

Over the last 20 years, open source development has become an integral part of the software industry and a key component of the innovation strategies of all major IT providers. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to develop a systematic overview of open source communities and their socio-economic contexts. I begin with a reconstruction of the genesis of open source software projects and their changing relationships to established IT companies. This is followed by the identification of four ideal-typical variants of current open source projects that differ significantly in their modes of coordination and the degree of corporate involvement. Further, I examine why open source projects have mainly lost their subversive potential while, in contrast to former cases of collective invention, remaining viable beyond the emergence of predominant solutions and their commercial exploitation: In an industry that is characterized by very short innovation cycles, open source projects have proven to be important incubators for new product lines and branch-defining infrastructures. They do not compete against classical forms of production but instead complement and expand these.

Porównywalność w czasie informacji o wynikach działalności społecznie odpowiedzialnej firm raportujących według zasad GRI

Porównywalność w czasie informacji o wynikach działalności społecznie odpowiedzialnej firm raportujących według zasad GRI The involvement of corporations in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities with respect for work- ers' rights and ethical principles brings tangible benefits to the enterprise. CSR activities can therefore be considered as an investment, the effects of which should be measured. CSR benefits derive from im- proved assessment of the corporation by the stakeholders and increased social trust. However, in order to achieve the desired results of CSR activities, it is necessary to provide adequate information to customers, employees and owners. Moreover, the measurement of CSR results is necessary to determine the effec- tiveness of the actions taken. The aim of the article was to answer the question if companies present the same measures in successive CSR reports and whether it is possible to compare the CSR activity results for successive years. Examination of 31 CSR reports for two consecutive editions of the reporting showed that companies change the number and type of disclosed measures.

How Leading U.S. Corporations Govern and Spend on State Lobbying

This project looks at how corporations oversee and govern money spent on corporate lobbying at the state level. It establishes a baseline for that spending by a representative sampling of the biggest U.S. publicly-listed corporations. Alongside intense public and investor attention about corporate involvement in elections, institutional investors and others have increasingly called for more transparency about corporate lobbying expenditures designed to influence legislation and regulation. Since 2014, more than half the shareholder proposals at public companies which concern political activity have included requests for actions related to lobbying. Indeed, more than 40 percent of the shareholder proposals about corporate political activity disclosure have focused specifically on lobbying, rather than campaign contributions. While considerable information is available about federal political spending, including lobbying, data are not available for all the states. Even where disclosure requirements do exist they are mixed in their comprehensiveness and utility. Disclosure requirements are missing entirely in 22 states. This report explores what is known now, under current reporting rules, so that investors and the public can contemplate whether reforms are needed and if a more precise voluntary corporate lobbying disclosure code makes sense. Key findings are that while companies are increasing their board oversight of state lobbying, they voluntarily disclose almost none of their state lobbying spending.

The Value-Adding Role of the Corporate Headquarters in Innovation Transfer Processes: The Issue of Headquarters Knowledge Situation

The aim of this study is to investigate the value-adding role of corporate monitoring and corporate involvement in ‘sticky’ inter-subsidiary innovation transfer environments. The value added role of these two managerial approaches is viewed in terms of their impact on innovation transfer efficiency and effectiveness. Based on the network view of the MNC, our research builds on the notion that the corporate headquarters (CHQ) is ill-informed and may suffer from a radical uncertainty about what it actually knows and needs to know. By using a data sample containing 87 innovation transfer projects in 25 multinational companies, we test six sets of hypotheses. Overall, our findings show that the value added of CHQ monitoring as well as an active CHQ involvement is considerably constrained. However, contrary to our expectations, the results show that CHQ monitoring gives rise to an increase in both transfer efficiency and effectiveness when the ‘stickiness’ is based on tangible resource constraints. The results imply that when it comes to CHQ involvement during the innovation transfer processes, the choice between a hands-off and a hands-on approach has to be understood in the light of the CHQ’s knowledge situation.

HTML5, Digital Rights Management (DRM), and the Rhetoric of Openness

This paper traces linkages between the commoditisation of the Web and “app-centric media”, an environment composed of a multitude of concrete-but-connected software applications. Within this environment, multiplatform HTML5 apps are often framed as the antithesis of Apple’s iOS and Google/Android “siloed” mobile app platforms, but this rhetoric of openness masks corporate involvement in the development of HTML5 and the commoditisation of the very protocols used to build the Web. To illustrate this process, this paper examines one new element of HTML5 that was hotly debated: the inclusion of digital rights management (DRM) protocols. Proponents of DRM in HTML5 argued it would increase overall interoperability while balancing the rights of content creators, providers and users. This paper argues, however, that it instead essentially legitimises U.S.-centric copyright protections on a global scale and allows the future development of the Web to be dominated by a select group of media institutions.

Design of a framework for the deployment of collaborative independent rare disease-centric registries: Gaucher disease registry model

Orphan drug clinical trials often are adversely affected by a lack of high quality treatment efficacy data that can be reliably compared across large patient cohorts derived from multiple governmental and country jurisdictions. It is critical that these patient data be captured with limited corporate involvement. For some time, there have been calls to develop collaborative, non-proprietary, patient-centric registries for post-market surveillance of aspects related to orphan drug efficacy. There is an urgent need for the development and sustainable deployment of these ‘independent’ registries that can capture comprehensive clinical, genetic and therapeutic information on patients with rare diseases. We therefore extended an open-source registry platform, the Rare Disease Registry Framework (RDRF) to establish an Independent Rare Disease Registry (IRDR). We engaged with an established rare disease community for Gaucher disease to determine system requirements, methods of data capture, consent, and reporting. A non-proprietary IRDR model is presented that can serve as autonomous data repository, but more importantly ensures that the relevant data can be made available to appropriate stakeholders in a secure, timely and efficient manner to improve clinical decision-making and the lives of those with a rare disease.

'Old' vs. 'New' Governance Regulatory Mechanisms to Prevent Human Trafficking

National legislation to prevent human trafficking globally reflects a commitment, perhaps a moral obligation to take foreigners' interests into account. The paper examines two types of legislation, the U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) and the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act (CTSCA), which represent different regulatory modalities. Whereas the TVPA follows the old model of top-down regulation, the CTSCA applies a new hybrid regulatory model that involves private actors in regulation. The paper evaluates the justification for both models in light of the theory of sovereign trusteeship. By comparatively analyzing the theory's application and limitations in both 'old' and 'new' governance mechanisms, the paper first explores how the trusteeship sentiment translates into legal regulation in each of these governance models, and furthermore, whether and how the involvement of transnational corporations in other-regarding regulation influences its potential to meaningfully take others' interests into account and promote global welfare.

THE POSITION OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY CORPORATE : The Legal Studies of Implementation Paradigm Polluter Pay Principle in Environmental Law Enforcement in Indonesia

The development activities is one of the government's efforts in order to realize a fairness and prosperous for the society. The natural resources management through the business activities carried out by the corporation, became one of the important factors in the success of national development. One of the impacts of development activities on the environment is the environmental pollution because of the utilization of natural resources. The pollution has caused a decrease in the quality of human life and other living creatures. Differences paradigm or way people view the polluter pays principle and the position of the responsibility of States to discredit the corporation still there is a difference of view and understanding. It is see from the practice of application of the Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL), which seems to have been removing corporate responsibility and involvement allocationof State budget revenue and expenditure of the State to penangulangan pollution, which performed by the corporation. This has led to uncertainty in the law enforcement environment in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the problem from the legal aspect and theory in relation to the position of state responsibility and corporate environmental pollution in the environmental legal system. This study uses normative juridical approach, through the method of approach to legislation, the conceptual approach, and an analytical approach. The scope of this normative juridical research includes the study of the principles and theory of law. Paradigm reform of the principles of pollution should be change or reform based on theory of law, whereby the position and extent of responsibility of states and corporations definitely be regulated in the Indonesia environmental legal system.

The Importance of Corporate and Social Involvement in the Implementation of Climate Friendly Projects

Everyday people have been experiencing changes in weather and climate. The question is whether we are really on the top of a tendency or we just overstate the weather change because of our heuristic mentality? If the negative tendency of change is adopted we must involve climate friendly technologies in the strategic decision making process of enterprises. On the other hand, the important thing to keep in mind is that the main motor of the strategy is the profit. In case of the latest climate related strategies the problem is the hard quantification of the real profitability because it also depends on external effects. In spite of the classical investment analysis, the cost-benefit analysis is able to take into account negative and positive external effects. In case of strategic decision the new technologies or methods are also confronted with resistance. In the strategic decision making process we should calculate with these resistances as well. The aim of this study is to highlight those long-term calculation methods and business models which are able to consider the external effects of projects and examine the real profitability and break-even point in case of bad climate tendency scenarios. In this paper we present a new method which includes the cost-benefit analysis and the change equation.

A Challenge for Equity Markets on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Can Liquidity be Augmented, Volatility Better Controlled, and Price Discovery Sharpened?

Abstract After suggesting that optimizing equity market structure remains a work in progress (as it has for the past five decades), the paper focuses on liquidity provision – a critical determinant of market quality – and its associations with intraday volatility and price discovery. Controlling intraday volatility and sharpening price discovery is of critical importance, it is not a simple matter, and it depends on market structure. After considering each term separately, we call attention to the public goods property of price discovery, set forth the traditional suppliers of liquidity (market makers, high frequency traders, and limit order placers), and contrast continuous and call auction trading. As liquidity is widely thought to be insufficient in equity markets in the US and Europe, we stress that listed companies should provide supplemental liquidity for their own shares and, to this end, we address a proposal that formalizes a corporate involvement.