Corn Extract Research Articles

Purple Corn Extract Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating Prostate Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis.

Purple corn (Zea mays L.), utilized as a natural pigment in food production and processing, has been used to treat obesity, cystitis, and urinary tract infections. However, no reports of its use for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) exist. Purple corn extract (PCE) contains anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, which have various pharmacological characteristics. Therefore, this study sought to elucidate the ameliorative effect of PCE on BPH in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-stimulated WPMY-1 cells and testosterone propionate (TP)-induced rats. Expression levels of the upregulated androgen receptor (AR) and its related genes in DHT-stimulated WPMY-1 cells were reduced by PCE, and proapoptotic gene expression increased by modulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling cascade. PCE reduced the weight of the enlarged prostate by inhibiting the androgen/AR signaling-related markers. Histological variations in the prostate epithelium caused by TP injection were restored by PCE. Thus, PCE alleviates BPH by modulating prostate cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Lowering of Blood Glucose Levels with the Peptide Mixture Deglusterol in In Vitro and In Vivo Models.

This study aimed to investigate the blood glucose-lowering effect of the peptide complex Deglusterol, which was isolated from corn extract, in insulin-resistance models. It was found to inhibit insulin receptor substrate (IRS) Ser302 phosphorylation, known as the insulin resistance mechanism, through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling and the induction of AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of IRS Tyr632, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and AKT that is involved in the insulin action mechanism was decreased by TNF-α, whereas Deglusterol increased their phosphorylations, leading to an increase of glucose uptake rate by 190% through glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) compared with TNF-α-treated group in C2C12 cells. In addition to insulin signaling activation, Deglusterol treatment resulted in significantly greater mRNA expressions of IRS (190%) and GLUT4 (140%) as well as that of leptin (260%) and adiponectin (140%), which are indicators of insulin sensitivity. In animal models with type 2 diabetes, the blood glucose concentrations in the Deglusterol-administered group were significantly reduced by 50% compared with the control group. Deglusterol suppressed insulin resistance and restored insulin sensitivity, which contributed to lowering blood glucose concentrations in the insulin-resistant models, suggesting its potential as a blood glucose-lowering agent for people at high risk of type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.

Estimation of Vitamin C and the Fructose Levels in Some Medicinal Plants and their Effects on Iron Bioavailability in Rats

Iron deficiency is considered as a common problem facing the general world population. In the current research, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Acacia senegal (Gum Arabic, GA), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Zea mays (corn), and Capsicum annuum (red chili pepper) on iron and ferritin levels in rats. Vitamin C and fructose levels were first estimated in these plants by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the GA extract contained the highest level of fructose (853 mg.L-1), followed by red chili pepper (635 mg.L-1), corn (521 mg.L-1), and spinach (271 mg.L-1) extracts. Also, the results of vitamin C estimation showed levels of 3.376, 0.645, 0.579, and 0.347 mg/ml in the extracts of spinach, red chili pepper, corn, and GA, respectively. Next, thirty male albino rats (age 8-12 weeks, weight 120-200 g) were divided randomly into six groups, each kept in a separate polypropylene rat cage. Treatments of rats with various plant extracts were conducted following a CRD complete random design, with five replicates for each treatment. The results of lipid profile test revealed that GA treatment caused the highest reduction in the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, and HDL in the treated rats (76.25, 55.25,23, 15.25, and 38 mg/dl , respectively), as compared to the other plant extracts. Evidence from this study suggests that the higher serum level of fructose in the group of rats treated with all plant extracts enhances the process of ferritin formation, possibly via increasing the level of bioavailable iron.

QUALITY ENHANCEMENT OF TOMATOES (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) USING GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA) FROM VARIOUS PLANT MATERIALS

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a fruit with many benefits. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) prove effective in improving the quality and production of tomatoes. Gibberellic Acid/GA is a PGR that stimulates the process of flowering, parthenocarpy, and carbohydrate mobilization during germination and influences other plant physiological aspects. However, because synthetic GA is costly, numerous natural ingredients have been proposed as its source, for example, bamboo shoots, vegetable ferns, corns, and shallots that can improve the quality of tomatoes. This study aimed to determine the role of natural GA from various plant extracts on the quality of tomatoes, providing recommendations for the best extract to improve the quality of tomatoes. It was conducted in the experimental garden at the Agronomy and Horticulture Laboratory, Physiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, and Food Analysis Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University. This research was compiled using a Randomized Group Design consisting of one factor, i.e., the type of natural extract with five settings and four repetitions. The tomato plant treatments were E0 = no extract sprayed, BE = sprayed with bamboo shoot extract, VE = vegetable fern extract, OE = onion extract, and CE = corn extract. The results showed that gibberellins from natural ingredients significantly affected fruit diameter, fruit thickness, and total sugar content of tomatoes. The best tomatoes were obtained by applying onion extract as a source of natural gibberellins.

Nutritional Regimes Enriched with Antioxidants as an Efficient Adjuvant for IBD Patients under Infliximab Administration, a Pilot Study.

Antioxidants are privileged candidates for the development of adjuvants able to improve the efficiency of pharmacological therapies, particularly for chronic inflammatory syndromes. During the last 20 years, anti-TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) monoclonal antibodies infusion has been the biological therapy most frequently administered but there is still large space for improvement in disease remission rates and maintenance. In this context, nutritional bioactive compounds contained in dietary patterns or included as supplements, may act as adjuvants for the induction and maintenance of IBD (inflammatory bowel diseases) remission. To verify this possibility, a single-center preliminary study (SI-CURA, Soluzioni Innovative per la gestione del paziente e il follow up terapeutico della Colite UlceRosA) was designed and carried out to evaluate whether a daily administration of purple corn supplement could improve the response to Infliximab (IFX) infusion of IBD patients with both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A cohort of 47 patients was enrolled in the study. Biological samples were collected before the first and the third IFX infusion. All patients received nutritional guidelines, 27 of them received commercial red fruit tea with low anthocyanins content, while 20 received a purple corn supplement with a high anthocyanin content. Results show that the administration of an antioxidant-enriched purple corn supplement could improve IFX-mediated disease remission in terms of circulating inflammatory markers. Comparison between CD and UC patients revealed that, at this anthocyanin dosage, the purple corn extract administration improved the IFX response in CD but not in UC patients. Our results may pave the way for a new metacentric study of CD patients, recruiting a wider cohort and followed-up over a longer observational time.

Synchronous Efficient Reduction of Cr (VI) and Removal of Total Chromium by Corn Extract / Fe (III) System.

In this study, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly composite system for the remediation of Cr (VI)-polluted groundwater was developed. The system of simultaneous reduction of Cr (VI) and precipitation of Cr (III) was innovatively constructed, using corncob extract as electron donor and Fe (III) as strengthening reagent. In the process of the total chromium removal, the addition of alkaline substances was not required, when pH ≤ 4 it showed an optimal reduction of Cr (VI). In addition, the removal rate of total chromium reached 88% within 120min. To understand the mechanism of this system, we characterized the corn extract and particulate matter before and after the reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry suggested that alcohols, phenols, and aldehydes provided the electrons that were required to reduce Cr (VI). As an electron shuttle, Fe (III) improved the efficiency of electron transfer, and Fe (II) and nano-zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles were formed during this process. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that FeOCl was formed under the action of the plant extract and adsorbed Cr (III), thus reducing total chromium. Both nZVI and FeOCl were covered with a layer of paste cap, which maintained the stability of their physical and chemical properties. The regulation of pH during the repair process was not required, and the cost of the process was significantly reduced. Therefore, this technology provides a new strategy for the in situ remediation of Cr (VI) pollution in groundwater.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK JAGUNG MANIS DAN AIR KELAPA PADA MEDIA MS SECARA IN VITRO TERHADAP INDUKSI TUNAS ADVENTIF BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.)

[SWEET CORN EXTRACT AND COCONUT WATER EFFECT TO INDUCE GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) ADVENTIST SHOOTS BY IN-VITRO CULTURE]. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the horticultural plants used daily for various uses. This study aims to determine the best extract concentration of sweet corn and coconut water and its interaction for induction garlic Adventist shoots (Allium sativum L.) var. Lumbu Hijau. The study was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, UPN ”Veteran” East Java, in February – April 2021. The experimental design used was a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor is four levels of extract of sweet corn concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 g/L), while the second factor is four levels of coconut water concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 mL/L). The results showed that the extract of sweet corn concentration-time treatment increased the growing adventist shoots percentage, adventist shoots number, and adventist shoots size. The section of sweet corn concentration of 150 g/L increased the rate of growing adventist shoots, adventist shoots number, and adventist shoots size. The treatment of coconut water concentration and its interaction with the extract of sweet corn concentration is still not able for induction garlic adventist shoots (Allium sativum L.) of the var. Lumbu Hijau.

Biotechnology of Newly Created Bacterial Composition for Siloing Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria

Peculiarities of high-quality silage production are the use of biological products based on lactic acid bacteria. The composition of such starters varies greatly according to the use of bacterial cultures, so among the starters available on the market, the range of their effectiveness is also different. It is very common to use a one-sided approach to the choice of bacterial components, which in combination with imperfect production technology have low preservative activity. The study of combined preparations, which combine homo- and heterofermentative types of lactic acid fermentation, allows to stabilize the preservative properties throughout the ensiling time, and increase the aerobic stability of the silage after access of oxygen. Aim. Development of biotechnology of bacterial preparation for corn ensiling, optimization of cultivation conditions of newly created bacterial composition, and selection of cryoprotectants for its lyophilization. Methods. The combined preparation was created on the basis of heterofermentative strain Lactobacillus buchneri 3806 combining it in two- and three-strain compositions with other representatives of lactic acid bacteria, which are characterized by obligate homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative types of metabolism. Optimization of the environment and technological parameters was carried out using a central-compositional plan, further statistical analysis of the obtained data and determination of optimal values of input parameters according to the created mathematical model of optical density response. The effectiveness of the selected protective media was tested for the survival of bacteria after lyophilization. Results. The most effective bacterial composition was found during experiments: L. buchneri 3806, Enterococcus faecium C-8-12, L. plantarum 3216. The effectiveness of the obtained composition was tested by laboratory silage of corn. Tests of the drug based on the selected bacterial composition showed an improvement in the chemical composition of the silage compared to the untreated control and treated only with monoculture L. buchneri 3806, namely: there was a decrease in dry matter loss by 2.21% and 2.04%, 22 due to the increase of lactic acid content, and increase of aerobic stability of silage – 341 h against 57 h of the control sample, and 313 h in case of using monoculture. For the obtained bacterial composition, the culture medium of the following composition was optimized: base (hydrolyzed milk with the addition of the following components: monosubstituted potassium phosphate – 2 g/L; 5-aqueous manganese sulfate – 0.05 g/L; 7-aqueous magnesium sulfate – 0.2 g/L; twin-80 – 1.0 g/L); glucose – 19.7 g/L; yeast extract – 7.8 g/L; corn extract – 23.6 g/L; peptone – 9.1 g/L; sodium citrate – 6.6 g/L; sodium acetate – 3,4 g/L. Cultivation of the bacterial composition on an optimized medium made it possible to obtain the maximum biomass yield, at which the optical density was 2.01 units, which is almost twice as much as the value obtained by culturing the same composition in MRS medium. The optimal technological parameters of culturing the bacterial composition were established, namely the best growth was observed at a temperature of 36.4±0.4°C with constant maintenance of the pH value in the culture medium at the level of 6.5±0.1 units. In addition, the optimal composition of the protective medium containing sodium citrate, sucrose and agar was selected, and ensures the survival rate of lactic acid bacteria 98.4% after lyophilization. Conclusions. The newly formed bacterial composition can be used for the production of preparations for corn silage, and tested on other raw materials, in particular on some perennial legumes (alfalfa, clover), and the conditions of its production can be used to scale the technology.

Study of the effect of alcoholic extracts of Maidenhair fern and corn silk in breaking up kidney stones out of living body

This study was conducted on a number of patients with kidney stones, as (60) samples were collected for patients from Baghdad hospitals, while recording the necessary information about the patients. As the results of the analysis on stones taken from 60 patients with kidney stones that shows the materials involved in the formation of the stones were analyzed and the following percentages were calcium 60%, phosphate 30%, oxalate 30%, uric acid 5%, ammonium 3%, magnesium 2%, carbonate and cysteine 0%. Some chemical discoveries have been made of the active compounds in plants, such as the active substances in the coriander plant are tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds, and the absence of coumarins. As for maize stigmas, the active substances are the presence of coumarins, saponins, steroids, phenolic compounds, and glycosides. The presence of tannins, and the toxicity of plant extracts was revealed, as it showed the non-toxicity of maidenhair and the toxicity of corn stigma. The effect of the alcoholic extracts of plants on the gravel weight and the percentage of degradation outside the body, as well as the concentrations of liberated phosphates, uric acid, calcium, and the acidic function of each of the alcoholic extracts of coriander and corn stems were estimated before adding the gravel and after adding it, and it was calculated over a period of four weeks.

Environmental bio-oxidation of toxic furan by the co-recycling of waste fermented broth and rest cells

Furoic acid (FA) is used widely as raw material for bio-based resin, food, pharmaceutical and perfume products. The biocatalysis of Gluconobacter oxydans is on the spotlight of furfural oxidation to FA because of high selectivity, safety and environmental friendliness. However, like most bacterial fermentations, we have to treat a lot of waste fermented broth, especially containing toxic furans. An integrated bioprocess was developed to achieve the co-recycling of cells and waste broth during FA bioproduction. We found sorbitol performed a critical role during the co-recycling bioprocess and the cost of yeast extract was substituted entirely by cheaper corn extract. Here, FA bioproduction efficiency kept six rounds with the productivity of 10.3 g/L/h and 98% yield. The integrated bioprocess provides a novel idea for biotechnology developments not only on bioconversion of toxic furans but also on industrial fermentation, especially for the troublesome problems around the recycling of waste fermented broth.

Purple corn extract alleviates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like phenotypes in BALB/c mice

ABSTRACT Zea mays L. (Poaceae), also known as purple corn, is an annual herbaceous plant that is grown as food for human consumption in a variety of forms, including cooking oils and sweeteners in processed food and beverage products. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a novel purple corn extract, FB801, might have an anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) effect on AD-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in BALB/c mice. Topical sensitization (1%) and challenge (0.3%) by DNCB were performed on the dorsal skin and right ear of BALB/c mice to induce AD. Following FB801 and dexamethasone administered orally, the severity of skin lesions was examined macroscopically and histologically. Serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and various cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oral administration of FB801 significantly reduced typical symptoms of AD (erythema/bleeding, swelling, molting/erosion and scaling/drying), scratching frequencies, and the recruitment of inflammatory and mast cells. In addition, FB801 suppressed serum levels of IgE and T helper (Th)2 type cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 in DNCB-treated BALB/c mice. Furthermore, FB801 reduced the degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB proteins (NF-κB) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. These results suggest that FB801 inhibited the development of the AD-like skin symptoms by regulating Th1 and Th2 responses in the skin lesions in mice and suppressing TNF-α induced NF-κB activation in HaCaT cells, suggesting that FB801 has potential application as an effective alternative therapy for the prevention and management of AD.

Conditions for surface cultivation on liquid nutrient media of the producer strain of microbiopreparation M-24 Penicillium sp., the antagonist of the sunflower Phoma rot pathogen

In recent years (2019-2021), research has been carried out at the biomethod laboratory of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops on the development of environmentally safe microbiopreparations of a multifunctional type of action with a prolonged shelf life against the pathogen of sunflower Phoma rot caused by the fungus Phoma macdonaldii Boerema, a teleomorph is Plenodomus lindquistii Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley. To develop the elements of the technological regulations for the production of a microbiopreparations in the preparative form of a “wettable powder” when growing the producer strain M-24 Penicillium sp. on the liquid nutrient media, there were determined the following optimal conditions for cultivating the strain: temperature is 25 °C, pH is 6; to use starch as a source of carbon nutrition is advisable; the optimal source of nitrogen nutrition is corn extract.

APPLICATION OF NATURAL PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND COW BIOURINE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SHALLOT IN RAINY SEASON (Allium cepa L.)

The use of natural hormones of young sweet corn extract, coconut water extract, and banana stem extract and application of cow biourine has been introduced as an innovation to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to increase the productivity of shallot. This study aims to compare the growth and yield of shallot with chemical fertilizer treatment and that of shallot treated with a combination of the natural hormone and cow urine. The study was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 in Temon Wetan, Temon, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta using a Complete Randomized Block Design, which consists of two factors and one control (chemical fertilizer). The first factor is a natural hormone: young sweet corn extract, banana stem extract, and coconut water. The second factor is the concentration of cow urine: 30%, 40%, and 50%. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test and Orthogonal Contrast at 5% It was revealed that the control group with combined treatments was not significantly different from the growth and yield of shallot of the group with chemical fertilizers. Types of treatments with natural hormone and cow urine concentrations provided the same growth and yield as that of chemical fertilizer.

Anthocyanin complex niosome gel accelerates oral wound healing: In vitro and clinical studies

An anthocyanin complex (AC), composed of extracts of purple waxy corn and blue butterfly pea petals, and AC niosomes, bilayered vesicles of non-ionic surfactants, were compared in in vitro and clinical studies. Cultured fibroblasts subjected to a scratch wound were monitored for cell viability, cell migration, nuclear morphology and protein expression. Scratched cells showed accelerated wound healing activity, returning to normal 24 h after treatment with AC niosomes (0.002 mg/mL). Western blots and immunocytochemistry indicated upregulation of type I, III and IV collagens, fibronectin and laminins in AC niosome-treated scratched cells. A randomized block placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial in 60 volunteers (18-60 years old) with oral wounds indicated that AC niosome gel accelerated wound closure, reduced pain due to the oral wounds and improved participants' quality of life more than AC gel, triamcinolone gel and placebo gel. These data are consistent with enhanced delivery of AC to fibroblasts by use of niosomes. AC niosomes activated fibroblasts within wounded regions and accelerated wound healing, indicating that AC niosomes have therapeutic potential.

Технологічні аспекти виробництва спиртових дистилятів з нетрадиційної цукровмісної сировини

An actual problem of the alcohol industry development is the expansion of the raw material base through the use of new, cheaper types of carbohydrate sources. Recently, glucose-fructose syrup has been of increasing interest to producers of ethanol. Among the producers of craft drinks, in particular rum-based drinks, cane molasses is in increasing demand. The article presents the technological aspects of the fermentation process of nonconventional sugar-containing raw materials on the example of glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses in ethanol by different yeast strains. It is determined that glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses are raw materials depleted of nitrogen, phosphorus and growth substances necessary for the yeast activity. To improve the technological properties of raw materials in the molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition and corn extract as a growth substance shall be added to a mash. Glucose-fructose syrup is of pH 3.68 and of acidity 0.12, which negatively affects the fermentation. It is established that in order to create optimal living conditions for yeast, it is necessary to add substances to the glucose-fructose syrup that will contribute to the safety of development and prevent the pH 3.5. It was determined that the alcohol yield from 1 ton of glucose-fructose syrup is 31.0 dal, from 1 ton of cane molasses is 24.0 dal on the yeast 46ED and 22 dal on the TegaYeast without the use of growth substances and vitamins necessary for the reproduction of yeast biomass. Under conditions of improving the technological properties of the mash from the glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses by adding biologically active substances promoting the synthesis of yeast biomass, the ethanol content in the fermented mashes increases up to 11.9 12% vol.

Pengaruh Suplemen Organik Terhadap Regenerasi Tunas Pisang Barangan Musa acuminata Colla. Secara In Vitro

The research purpose to know ability of natural supplements in supporting the regeneration of banana cv. Barangan Musa acuminata Colla. Explants were cultured on MS basal medium (control) with natural supplements: coconut water (CW) 5; 10; 15 and 20%, green bean sprout extract (GBSE) and sweet corn extract (SCE) at 50; 100; 150 and 200 g/l. After 4 weeks of cultivation, maximum multiplication shoots (7.11 ± 0.19), shoot length (2.00 ± 0.22), and number of leaves (4.00 ± 0.38) was obtained in MS + 200 g/l bean sprout extract. The addition of natural supplements to the medium showed better results on all parameters of observation than control. This results indicates the potential of natural supplements for supporting of Barangan Musa acuminata Colla. propagation in vitro culture.

Effects of ground corn and Acacia mearnsii tannin extract supplementation on nitrogen excretion and nitrous oxide emissions from sheep

The nitrogen (N) excreted by grazing animals is the main source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in livestock systems, and feeding strategies to mitigate N excretion should be further studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ground corn and tannin extract supplementation on mitigating N2O emissions from sheep excreta. The emissions factor (EF,% of N excreted, which was emitted as N2ON) under the studied conditions were also measured. Two experiments were conducted. In the first one, six Lacaune lambs, with an average BW of 27 ± 3 kg, were distributed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experimental design. The treatments included ad libitum access to ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage, which contained 21.1 g N/kg DM and was supplemented with 60 g of soybean meal (S), 140 g of ground corn + 60 g of soybean meal (SC) or 140 g of ground corn + 60 g of soybean meal + 40 g/kg Acacia mearnsii tannin extract concentrate (SCT). The daily production of faeces and urine was measured, and samples were collected each day. In the second experiment, urine and faeces were applied to static chambers in the field to determine their N2O emissions. Three replicates of type of excreta from each treatment were included. The nitrogen intake was similar between the treatments, with an average of 18 g/day. The faecal N excretion obtained with tannin extract supplementation was 16% higher (P < 0.01) than that obtained with the S and SC treatments. The daily urinary N excretion from the animals administered ground corn supplementation was 12% lower (P < 0.05) than that from the animals that received only soybean meal, whereas the inclusion of tannins did not effectively induce further decreases in urinary N excretion. The faecal EF of the different treatments was similar, with an average of 0.56 g N2ON/100 g N. The EF of the urine samples averaged 4.8 g N2ON/100 g N. Corn grain supplementation decreased urinary N excretion and N2O emissions from sheep excreta, whereas Acacia mearnsii tannin extract did not effectively improve this response.

Pengaruh substitusi gula pasir dengan ekstrak jagung manis (Zea mays l sacchara) terhadap sifat organoleptik es krim

THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUTION OF SUGAR WITH SWEET CORN (Zea Mays L Sacchara) ON ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF ICE CREAM. This study aims to determine the level of preference of panelists on ice cream by substituting sugar with sweet corn extract. This study uses a complete randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments as follows P0 = 200 g sugar, P1 = 50 g sweet corn + 150 g sugar, P2 = 100 g sweet corn + 100 g sugar, P3 = 150 g sweet corn + 50 g sugar, P4 = 200 g sweet corn with 40 replications.The observed variables are color, aroma, texture, taste. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, for very significantly different variables followed by the BNJ test. The results showed that the substitution of sugar with different sweet corn extracts had a significant effect (P &lt;0.01) on the aroma, texture and taste, but not the color. Based on the results and discussion, the substitution of sugar with sweet corn extract (Zea mays saccharata), P1 (150 grams of sugar and 50 grams of sweet corn extract) gives good results on the ice cream organoleptic properties ice cream of sweet corn extractedKeywords: Ice cream, Sweet Corn, Sugar

Monitoring the Interaction between Thermally Induced Whey Protein and Anthocyanin by Fluorescence Quenching Spectroscopy.

The color stability of anthocyanins was shown to improve with addition of whey proteins (WP). The goal of this study was to investigate the binding mechanisms of purple corn, grape and black carrot anthocyanin extracts to native and preheated WP (40–80 °C, 3.6 μM) at a pH of 3 using fluorescence quenching spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra were collected with an excitation wavelength of 280 nm at 25 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C. The quenching data were analyzed by using the Stern–Volmer equation. The fluorescence intensity of WP decreased (up to 73%) and its λmax increased (by ~5 nm) with increasing anthocyanin concentration (0–100 μM). The quenching data showed that the interaction between anthocyanin extracts and WP was a static quenching process. Thermodynamic analysis showed their binding was mainly through hydrophobic interactions. Their binding affinity was higher for preheated WP than native WP and decreased gradually with increasing preheating temperature. Black carrot anthocyanin extract had the lowest binding affinity with WP, likely due to the larger molecular structure. These results help better understand the protection mechanism of native and preheated WP on anthocyanin color stability, expanding the application of anthocyanins as food colorants that better withstand processing and storage.

New epiphytic strains of lactic acid bacteria improve the conservation of corn silage harvested at late maturity

We evaluated fifty-three strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from corn silages from different farms for use as inoculants in corn silages. Bacteria were characterized for growth and pH reduction in corn extract, growth at different temperatures and the ability to inhibit the growth of silage-spoilage microorganisms. The strains CCMA1362, 1363 and 1364 (Lactobacillus farraginis), CCMA1365 (L. plantarum), CCMA1366 (L. buchneri), and CCMA1367 (Pediococcus acidilactici) isolated from corn silage and CCMA170 strain (L. hilgardii) isolated from sugarcane showed good results in laboratory evaluation (good growth and reduction of pH in corn extract; good growth at different temperature and ability to inhibit silage-spoilage microorganisms). These strains were selected and evaluated in corn silages harvested at an advanced stage of physiological maturity (454 g/kg DM). Experimental silos were opened after 10, 32 and 100 days of storage. Crude protein, ash and starch contents were not affected by the inoculation or storage time. Inoculation with the obligate homofermentative strain CCMA 1367 (P. acidilactici) resulted in silages with the greatest DM loss and the lowest aerobic stability. Silages treated with the obligate heterofermentative strains (L. buchneri, L. hilgardii and L. farraginis) had the lowest DM loss, highest aerobic stability, good acid production and pH value, and lowest numbers of yeasts. The species L. farraginis is reported for the first time in studies with corn silage and in particular the CCMA1362 (L. farraginis) strain was effective in lowering DM loss and reducing the numbers of yeasts throughout the ensiling period. Our results are important because they show that silage conservation can be improved even in late maturity corn silage when treated with select lactic acid bacteria L. farraginis CCMA1362. More studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of these strains under field conditions.