Core Meaning Research Articles

한 중견기업 중년여성 팀장의 심리적 좌절 후 성장경험에 관한 내러티브 탐구

The purpose of this study is to explore in depth the growth experience of the female team leader in a mid-sized company. As a narrative inquiry method, this study examines interactions at the individual and social level, continuity at the past, present, and future levels, and the situation at the location level, and analyzes the meaning derived from the participants' specific growth experience. As a result, the core meaning derived from the growth experience of the study participants was 'self-awareness of finding one's own identity'. This turned out to be three significant results. First, the research participant created a positive virtuous cycle of nurturing her own shortcomings and deficiencies as her own abilities in the process of experience, based on a humble attitude on life that considers her own shortcomings and deficiencies to be her luck. Second, the study participants had potential for growth in that she endured the hardships of life in order to maintain her work and family. Third, the psychological frustration that came along with the crisis was turned into an opportunity for psychological growth in which the research participants finds ‘her self'. Based on these results, this study provides a broad discussion on the glass ceiling experience in organizational structure, personal growth experience after psychological setbacks, and self-identity recovery.

Structure within Morphemic Meaning

Abstract The entire conceptual content represented by a single morpheme—its plenary meaning—is in general both copious and structured. This structuring consists of both the patterning of its content and the distribution of attention over that pattern. With respect to the patterning of its content, a morpheme’s plenary meaning can be divided into a core meaning and an associated meaning. In turn, its associated meaning can be subdivided into five sectors: the holistic, infrastructure, collateral, disposition, and attitude sectors. And with respect to its distribution of attention, eight specific attentional factors and three general attentional principles are cited. The main attentional factor is that a morpheme’s core meaning is generally more salient than its associated meaning or any of the sectors therein. But another attentional factor holds that the attitude sector, especially its expletivity type, can challenge or exceed the core meaning in salience.

The Centrality of Rivalry

The aim of this article is to argue that the old-fashioned idea of rivalry remains central to the concept of effective competition and, in turn, to the promotion of the competitive process. Rivalry was the core meaning of competition among the early economists. The concern with vigorous, sustained actual rivalry may have been lost sight of, but it ought not to have been. Rivalry cannot of course be the exhaustive focus for many other factors and influences affect the level of effective competition. But a searching rivalry inquiry provides a valuable initial screen. By reemphasizing the primacy of rivalry, we may also foster the ability of competition law to act not just as a key driver of economic efficiency and growth, but also as a pro-democratic vehicle to check powerful private centers of economic power.

Licentia: Cicero on the Suicide of Political Communities

This paper studies the term and concept of licentia in the Latin Republican corpus, focusing on Cicero’s political theory. Its first part is a philological analysis of the term. It concludes that in the first century BCE licentia had three core meanings: permission, permission to do wrong, and permissiveness. The second part is a study of the concept licentia in Cicero’s rhetoric and political theory. It shows Cicero’s awareness of the effect of permissions unduly given and permissiveness on the force of social standards at Rome.

From Data to Wisdom: A Case Study of OPOP Model

The purpose of this research is to: (1) clarify the scope and connotation of the OPOP (One Product/Project/Performance, One Paper) model comprehensively; (2) show its application in design and creative teaching; (3) introduce this model to more people. First, the author reviews the design doctoral education system and its shortcomings and analyzes the similarities and differences between “Ph.D. of Design” and “Master of Design”; second, the researcher discusses the DIKW (Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom) pyramid, cognition and communication theory separately. The author also interviewed the two teachers who created the OPOP model to clarify its core meaning and goals. Finally, the author invited students who participated in an OPOP forum to fill out a questionnaire in order to analyze and understand their responses and suggestions. The OPOP model allows participants to realize that “creativity” and “interpretation” are equally important and to gradually learn to use academic papers to transform personal “tips” and “experience” into “knowledge” that can be imparted. The author hopes that the OPOP model and the general frameworks mentioned in this study can inspire all readers, enabling them to continuously explore the connotation and further possibilities of OPOP in light of the actual situation.

The Legal Balance Between Liberty and Equality

The paper explores the specific legal balance between liberty and equality, distinguishing it from political theories and constitutional settings, where they are often considered in opposition. In order to find the specific legal balance between liberty and equality, and after identifying some of their relevant meanings for the purpose, it becomes necessary to focus on the rule of law, and to examine the relationship between liberty and equality in its different versions. Once the core meaning of the rule of law in terms of liberty and equality is enucleated, it is possible to consider extending it to the international field.

On the discursive construction of the multiple meanings of francophonie/francophone viewed through the prism of argumentative semantics

This paper addresses the issue of polysemy, and more precisely of multiple meanings in the case of the words francophonie/francophone from the perspective of argumentative semantics. The aim of the paper is to examine the mechanisms that account for the multiple meanings of francophonie/francophone, i.e. the semantic and discursive mechanisms involved in the (re)construction of lexical meaning as the words occur in discourse. The data analysed in this paper consists of a set of discourse fragments about francophone identity, discourses that vary according to the speaker, the geographical location and the media support. The study is carried out within the framework of the SAP theory (Semantics of Argumentative Possibilities), following a procedure based on a pre-built reference meaning – i.e. a description of the argumentative potential of the lexeme – that will be used when analysing the discursive occurrences. First, the paper briefly presents the SAP theory and the pre-built reference meaning of the lexemes francophonie/francophone (described in terms of core-elements, stereotypes and argumentative possibilities). It then illustrates several discursive mechanisms of meaning construction. The analysis highlights a series of meaning construction mechanisms: transgressive activation of the argumentative potential, reconfiguration by scission of the core-elements or by deletion of one of the elements, modality addition, transgressive reconstruction of the core meaning, and finally core circularity. Thus, the paper indicates, from the perspective of argumentative semantics, that the multiple meanings of the words francophonie/francophone, i.e. the various semantic configurations attached to these words, can be seen as reconfigurations of a single lexical meaning.

상고중국어에 보이는 ‘풀다’를 중심의미로 갖는 단어가족에 대한 小考

The phono-semantic compound characters 悅yuè, 說shuō and 脫tuō which take their sound from 兌duì belongs to the same word family together with 奪duó. The core meaning found in this word family is to “release”. The character 悅yuè means to release something that rackles in the mind and feel at ease and content (to relieve), 說shuō is to release some thoughts and feelings with words (to explain), and 脫tuō is to release the body from something covering or tying it (to take off) or to release oneself from a place (to escape). Here, 脫tuō refers to the act of releasing done by “myself”. If the act is done by others, it is 奪duó which means “to take away”. In the past, studies on word families in old Chinese were limited to grouping certain ranges of characters that are correlated in terms of sounds and meanings, but now, based on advanced reconstruction phonology, it has been made possible to identify the root and examine how the words were derived from the root in a relatively specific way. According to the morphological markedness theory, the root of this word family appears to be *lod悅, and the word differentiated by adding the prefix h- is considered *hljod說, while *l˳ʰo:d脫and *l

Translating Tigers: The Visual Rhetoric of Fashion Communication in Kenzo’s Logo

In the 21st century, translation studies has expanded its boundaries and paradigms so that it is now possible to use its tools and methods to research the communication of fashion at textual as well as material levels, as inter-semiotic and cultural translation. Fashion communication, from the perspective of post translation studies, can be viewed as a process of cultural translation with visual symbols as its main text form, visual rhetoric as its core meaning system and a visual designer as its translator. At the intersection of translation, communication and fashion studies, the article takes Kenzo’s most successful “tiger icon” as the main research object, through the analysis of different forms of visual text structures throughout the whole process of fashion communication, to explore the semiotic transformation process and strategy of the “tiger icon” by means of visual rhetoric theories.

Inscriptional Layout in Continuous Texts of the Old Kingdomالنَّسَقُ الخَطِّيّ من خلال النُصُوص المُتَتَابِعَة فِي الدَّوْلَةِ الْقَدِيمَةِ

This article discusses features of inscriptional layout in continuous texts of the Old Kingdom. Inscriptions appear to be visual compositions as much as compositions of words. Through layout, salient articulations or expressions in a text can be foregrounded, the structure of a text can be mirrored visually, and core meanings of a text can be projected on the inscribed surface. In some cases, the complexity of layout makes it likely that the texts were composed directly with a view to how they would appear visually on the inscribed surface. The subtlety of some forms of layout, as well as cases of inscriptions revolving around central axes, raise further questions about how inscriptions were experienced in ancient times.

Child-directed speech is optimized for syntax-free semantic inference

The way infants learn language is a highly complex adaptive behavior. This behavior chiefly relies on the ability to extract information from the speech they hear and combine it with information from the external environment. Most theories assume that this ability critically hinges on the recognition of at least some syntactic structure. Here, we show that child-directed speech allows for semantic inference without relying on explicit structural information. We simulate the process of semantic inference with machine learning applied to large text collections of two different types of speech, child-directed speech versus adult-directed speech. Taking the core meaning of causality as a test case, we find that in child-directed speech causal meaning can be successfully inferred from simple co-occurrences of neighboring words. By contrast, semantic inference in adult-directed speech fundamentally requires additional access to syntactic structure. These results suggest that child-directed speech is ideally shaped for a learner who has not yet mastered syntactic structure.

Drones in Military Warfare: The moral and emotional implications of an emerging technology

While there has been increasing interest in the design, adoption, and workplace-related issues pertaining to emerging technologies, the emotional and moral challenges for people interacting with them have received relatively less attention. In this paper, we study how emerging technologies trigger mixed feelings by disrupting the meaning and moral legitimacy of their work. We examine how drones—an emerging technology in warfare used to remotely observe and attack targets from offsite command centers—have changed the nature of the work of military personnel. To understand this change and its effects, we draw on field observations, interviews, internal documents, and 43 personal diaries from current and former military personnel working for the U.S. Air Force’s “drone program.” We explain how actors grapple with emotional ambivalence—the simultaneous pull of oppositional positive and negative emotions—but suppress the display of their emotions in an organization with strong social controls. We develop a model that explains how new technology changes the nature of work and triggers emotional ambivalence by unsettling its core meaning and moral legitimacy, and how actors deploy different strategies to uphold extant meaning in their work, add meaning to their work, or quit the organization altogether. We advance theory on emergent technologies by illuminating their emotional and moral implications for the nature of work.

Crowd-Based Accountability: How Social Media Commentary Reconfigures Organizational Accountability

Accountability is considered to be critical to organizations’ sustained performance and survival. Prior research has examined the structural and rhetorical response strategies that organizations use to manage accountability pressures from different stakeholders. With the advent of social media, where a dispersed, heterogenous, and pseudonymous “crowd” is able to express and disseminate their concerns about organizations and its workers, the structural and rhetorical response strategies used by organizations become less effective. How do organizations respond to accountability pressures from social media commentary and with what consequences for organizing? Adopting a performative approach, we conducted a multi-sited comparative study to examine this research question. Specifically, we investigated how organizations in two distinct service domains (emergency response and hospitality) responded to accountability pressures manifesting as social media commentary on two different platforms (Twitter and TripAdvisor). We find that organizations respond by actively engaging online with social media commentary, but end up enacting changes to their practices on the ground. Such changes shift ways of working by recalibrating risk, redeploying resources, and redefining service. Together, these practice changes reposition the core meanings, relations, activities, and outcomes of service work and reconfigure the boundaries of organizational accountability. Organizations, thus, become increasingly unclear about what they are held accountable for and uncertain about how, when, and to whom they are accountable. We synthesize these findings in a process model of crowd-based accountability and discuss the contributions of this study to research on accountability and organizing in the social media era.

El texto de El ser sobrenatural como contexto próximo para entender la noología, la metafísica y la visión de Dios sobre Zubiri

The philosophy of Xavier Zubiri is recognized as one of the most diffi cult to understand because there is something unclear in it. Therefore one may guess that there is a hidden presumption done by Zubiri. Zubiri in the self-presentation of his philosophical backgrounds acknowledges that his philosophy owes most to the phenomenology of Husserl and metaphysics of Heidegger. He also admits of being infl uenced by Aristotle to a certain degree. Zubiri starts his analyses from perception of things, with which he fulfi lls phenomenological requirement of beginning philosophy with the description of reality. As the fi nal step he ads metaphysics, which explains the description of reality. Following this code of interpretation of Zubiri’s philosophy it is difficult to grasp its core meaning. What is this hidden supposition? In The Supernatural Being: God and Deifi cation in Saint Paul’s Theology, which he wrote in the 30s’ and 40s’ of the 20th century, Zubiri presents early Christian Neoplatonic theology. In the same work Zubiri also states that it is possible to discover the same ideas following the way up, i.e. departing from the creatures and ascending to God. And this will be the hidden supposition of his philosophy. This paper tries to show the philosophy of Zubiri can be understood as a kind of proof that the Neoplatonic vision of the reality presented in The Supernatural Being: God and Deifi cation in Saint Paul’s Theology is true and can be discovered by reason alone, i.e. departing only from description of facts.

Living in the Era of an Ideological Climate of Globalisation: A Study of Psychological Sense of Community Among Young and Older Adults in Two Cultures (India and Norway). Challenges for Community Psychology and the Applied Social Sciences.

How do people describe the psychological sense of community (PSOC) in the present day ideological climate of globalising neo-liberalism, assuming that people are essentially individualistic, that solidarity, social commitment, and citizenship are not natural dispositions, as we all are the lonely citizen? This issue is addressed by a mixed-methods study using semi-structured interviews with two age groups—young and older people—from two different cultures—India (Mumbai) and Norway (Oslo). This two by two design gives the opportunity to analyse people’s meaning systems of PSOC, asking; is there a core meaning system of PSOC shared by people within as well as across cultures? Belongingness and citizenship are continuously formed and negotiated, just at the intersection of two dimensions: culture and historical time. The young and older adult informants often live in different “historical times.” The meaning systems of PSOC were explored and compared by language analyses of words used by the informants. Text search queries were made for 69 words. “Help,”, “care,” “different,” “problem,” and “family” were identified as central for further in-depth qualitative analyses. The word, “family” demonstrated high frequencies of use across sub-samples. There was nothing more relevant for the groups than the family when thinking of PSOC, revealing almost a “prior to society perspective.” PSOC is about being part of families. Simultaneously, we are members of other communities: schools, workplaces, neighborhoods, cities and nations. The informants mentioned such communities, but not often. Feeling part of the family, helping and caring not only the family but also your neighbourhood, local community, or national and global communities are particularly necessary today, as we live in a time where communities, societies, and nations across the world are heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this crisis, it is vital that nobody forgets that we are national and transnational citizens and part of many interrelated social systems. This study points out how community psychology and the applied social sciences can work to strengthen the feelings of connections to other communities, societies, and nations outlining and co-creating transformative multi-level interventions of public policy programmes of inclusion and “we-ness.”

Populism in the 21st century: Today, tomorrow, always?

The concept of populism has been known since Antiquity. However, in recent decades it gained new prominence amongst politicians and political experts. The present paper attempts to reconstruct the image of populism of the 21st century and to assess the viability of populist parties and movements involved in the context of current social and political processes within Western societies. The first section of the paper examines various definitions of populism elaborated by both Russian and foreign political scholars. On that basis the author attempts to identify the core meaning of this phenomenon, its historic roots and psychological underpinnings, as well as a social-political profile today. The author highlights such constituent elements of the populist discourse that crystallized throughout its development, as direct appeal to the public sentiments, oversimplification of reality and the use of manipulative techniques. The second section of the paper examines the origins and characteristic features of the populist wave that spanned across both developed and developing countries in the early 21st century. For that matter, the effects of globalization are considered particularly problematic, as they have uncertain implications for international relations and exacerbate social and economic tensions even within developed societies creating both ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. They also allowed various populist movements to take advantage of the growing social instability in the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. Additionally, the author links the recent rise in the populist sentiments to the deepening crisis of traditional political party systems, the erosion of principles of parliamentarianism and the development of new information and communication technologies. The author stresses that in these circumstances different charismatic leaders gain new opportunities for mobilizing public support. The research concludes that the prospects for the ongoing populist wave are best described by a formula, proposed by a German political scientist Klaus von Beyme: ‘Populism never lasts very long — but it is somehow always around’.

Funny that isn't it ProTags in combination at the right periphery

Pronouns used as tags (It's funny,that), comparable in certain respects to their much more widely studied question tag counterparts (It's funny,isn't it?), are a feature of the right periphery of clauses in some dialects of British English. In this paper, we investigate the co-occurrence of ProTags with other pragmatic markers in the right periphery and find evidence to support a general ordering principle subjective > intersubjective, consistent with the model proposed in Shinzato (2007).Our searches of multiple corpora have revealed that ProTags can appear in various combinations with markers such as though and you know, as well as question tags (It's funnythat isn't it?). By far the most commonly attested were combinations of ProTags and question tags, with the majority having ProTag > question tag ordering. Our results show that there is a strong tendency for a ProTag to precede other right-periphery pragmatic markers consistent with it having subjective core meaning, that it can combine with an intersubjective pragmatic marker to form a compound pragmatic marker with intersubjective meaning, and that certain combinations of pragmatic markers with subjective meaning can exhibit flexibility of ordering at the right periphery.

Japanese Semiaspectual Forms -teshimau and -teoku as Discourse Markers

This paper discusses the Japanese semi aspectual forms -teshimau and -teoku function as discourse markers which serve as speaker’s intentions of utterances for rapport management. In general, the semantic function of the morphological semi aspectual forms such as -teshimau and -teoku are explained as expressions of feelings of remorse or regret as well as preparatory actions, respectively. Both of them derived from the explanation of “completion” as a core meaning. The meanings mentioned above are also learned in elementary and pre-intermediate levels of Japanese language learning as a second language. However, the results of this research, which derived from analysis using I-JAS corpus dialogue data, indicate that in interpersonal discourse, these aspectual forms are used to show self-deprecating and modest attitudes, sentimental mood, or inevitable and difficult situations. Additionally, as a discourse marker, they are used to express utterance intentions such as showing speaker’s responsible recognition for the situation occurred, respecting the opinion of the interlocutor, and avoiding current topic to be continued. They also function as act of politeness due to the effects of “down graders” and “upgraders” in Spencer-Oatey's theory of rapport management, while in this research indicates that improperly use of -teoku might sound impolite depending on the utterance situations. Furthermore, it was found that they work as discourse markers for rounding up dialogs or shifting topics, and there are differences between -teshimau and -teoku in whether it is the interlocutor’s topic or the speaker’s topic that was being rounded up. For these reasons, second language acquisition requires learning about indicative meanings of these forms that function in the contexts and utterance situations, and the findings of this research will also contribute to the research of Japanese language teaching materials.

Torang Samua Basudara : Nilai Budaya dalam Menjaga Kerukunan Hidup Beragama di Kota Manado.

This article aims to describe and analyze the cultural values of Torang Samua Basudara which are the philosophy of living in harmony in the city of Manado. This study uses qualitative research methods, with data collection techniques namely observation and interviews, data analysis using three stages, namely data collection, reduction, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study provide an overview of the history of the origin of the meeting between ethnic Minahasa and immigrants who show an attitude of openness and care for the Minahasa people, then the core meaning of the torang samua basudara value is that we are all God's creations, must love one another, cherish and live in good conditions, as well as the reality of interpersonal life. religion in the city of Manado shows a harmony in society, differences do not become obstacles but they support each other in the common good.

The meaning of career success among managers in contemporary China: distinctive themes and societal logics

This study focuses on distinctive themes of career success and their relationship with fundamental societal logics. Drawing on theoretical insights from neo-institutionalism, and adopting a mixed-method approach based on semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys with Chinese managers, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative study on the meaning of career success in a typical ‘hybrid’ society. In contrast with understandings of career success centred on market-based logics, our analysis highlights the complex, reflective relationship between career success themes and societal logics. The results indicate that among the identified career success themes, traditional logics and their market-based counterparts coexist, and are consistent with each other in some ways and conflicting in others. The results further show that the reflection of societal logics in derivative meanings, in contrast to that in core meanings, is more institutionally contextualised and, therefore, less consistent. Our study adds to the understanding of how social contexts shape the meaning of career success, and has important implications for career and human resource management research and practice.