Coordination For The Improvement Of Higher Education Personnel Research Articles

Integração da Educação Superior à Educação Básica: Uma experiência do PIBID no Ensino Médio

Este trabalho trata das ações de ensino e pesquisa desenvolvidas pelo subprojeto do Curso de Licenciatura em História da Universidade Estadual de Goiás-UEG (Campus Pires do Rio) no Colégio Estadual Professor Ivan Ferreira, sob o âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência-PIBID - com o apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Através da realização de diálogos entre o ensino e a pesquisa em História com as demandas e necessidades da escola pública, o subprojeto em questão integrou a educação superior à educação básica, contribuiu na formação dos acadêmicos-bolsistas e possibilitou a ampliação e associação da proposta de professor e pesquisador em História, preparando-os para a docência...Palavras chave: História; Ensino; Pesquisa; PIBID.

Digital microscopy: a new method for histology teaching

The use of digital microscopy combined with Internet facilities has increased in the Histology and Pathology teaching. The aim of this study was evaluated the use of digital microscopy on Histology teaching in the Rio de Janeiro State University. For this, tissue and organ slides were digitalized with Pannoramic Midi (3DHistech, Budapeste). Subsequently, histological structures were identified in the images using Pannoramic viewer (3DHistech). A script was prepared to facilitate the visualization of the image set of each histologic topic by the students. At the end of classes, students answered a questionnaire comparing microscopic based learning lessons to digital microscopy lessons. The digital microscopy was evaluated by 60 dental and 97 medical students from 2013 to 2014. The majority of students (83 percent) found the digital microscopy easy to use, and 89 percent reported that digital microscopy facilitated the identification of the specific structures. A total of 48 percent of students said they learned with digital microscopy more than with microscopic based study. In addition, only 34 percent of students reported that they preferred the microscopic lessons. In conclusion, digital microscopy was found to be evaluated very positively by dental and medical students and may improve learning and productivity in the histology classesFinancial support: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) – Edital Pró‐Ensino em Saúde.

Physical activity and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review

Defined as the constant or recurrent inability to attain or maintain a satisfactory erection, erectile dysfunction (ED) has multifactorial causes. Regular physical activity can be used as a preventive tool for ED. In this sense, the main objective of this study was to analyze the scientific literature, published in the last ten years (2004-2014), about the relationship between physical activity, ED and the associated factors among men older than 17 years in cross-sectional studies, randomized clinical trials and cohort studies. A systematic review was performed in articles published in the Bireme, ScienceDirect, and PubMed/Medline databases, in the SciELO electronic library and in the Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) Journal and written in Portuguese, English and Spanish. A total of 230 studies were identified, and only 19 met the inclusion criteria, all of which were published in English. ED was diagnosed in all studies. Concerning physical activity, 17 studies identified a significant association with a lower incidence of ED, including cross-sectional and quasi-experimental studies and randomized clinical trials. ED appeared to be associated with different factors related to men’s lifestyle, particularly their level of education, non-communicable chronic diseases, body mass index and age.

The Psychology Postgraduate System in Brazil: Current Characteristics and Challenges for the Area

This text is a characterization of the Psychology Postgraduate System in Brazil, presenting indicators of its growth in recent years, of its current geographical distribution, of its research lines, and of the grades awarded in the last Triennial evaluation of 2013. This characterization underlies a set of reflections regarding the challenges for the area from the guidelines established by the National Postgraduate System Plan (PNPG) 2011-2020. These challenges include: internationalization, interdisciplinarity, the link with basic education, the reduction of regional disparities, and the differentiation between academic and professional qualification. The text also focuses on the continuous and necessary improvements in the evaluation process conducted by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). These reflections seek to provide a basis for the management of the Psychology Postgraduate System in Brazil in the coming years.

Internationalization: Towards New Horizons

This article aims to examine the internationalization actions of Brazilian Postgraduate Programs. Data were used from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Ministry of Education (MEC), which perform an evaluation of postgraduate courses every three years. Recently, the period was changed to four years. The data reported in the Indicators Booklet of productions of each program, selected according to 8 criteria, allowed the grouping of activities. The comments made on the Evaluation Form were then examined. This showed that internationalization actions are varied and are overwhelmingly present in the Brazilian programs (n= 49). It was verified that the evaluation valorizes production in international publications, often to the detriment of the various actions that effectively contribute to internationalization. It was concluded that, despite publication in international media being a relevant indicator, it does not definitively indicate participation in international knowledge production. The demand, on behalf of students and researchers, for the qualification that is provided in the country would be the most accurate indicator of internationalization. No courses, in the period examined, accommodated non-Portuguese speakers. Despite the efforts already made toward effective internationalization, there remains the important and urgent step: to make the National Postgraduate System a reference point in the international community.

We need to take risks

Full Professor, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Literature, and Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo. Assessment Director at the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) from 2004 to 2008, period in which Accounting was formally recognized as a subarea by CAPES.

Cultura de Inovação: Conceitos e Modelos Teóricos

O presente artigo apresenta uma abrangente revisão de literatura sobre o tema cultura de inovação, com o objetivo de caracterizar o seu significado e, principalmente, descrever diferentes modelos teóricos que buscam compreender como ele ocorre no contexto organizacional. Para enriquecer a análise, foram incluídos resultados de pesquisas que evidenciam a relação da cultura organizacional e a inovação. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em 2011, em bases disponíveis no portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), na Proquest e no Directory Open Articles Journal (DOAJ), sem delimitar tempo de início. Os descritores usados foram a expressão cultura de inovação e os termos conjuntos cultura e inovação e com a inclusão somente de artigos completos. Também, foram revisados artigos relativos ao tema citados nas obras identificadas na pesquisa bibliográfica. A análise dos 40 artigos de acordo com os critérios previamente definidos permitiu revelar que se trata de um tema de interesse de pesquisadores em diferentes regiões do mundo, caracterizado por sua complexidade e pelo caráter sistêmico dos fatores que o determinam. Observou-se o predomínio de pesquisas quantitativas e forte evidência da relação de cultura organizacional e inovação, sendo necessária a realização de pesquisas nas quais os modelos teóricos propostos pelos diferentes autores sejam testados.

The role of the clinical nurse specialist in caring for patients with prostate cancer: a narrative review

The role of the clinical nurse specialist in caring for patients with prostate cancer: a narrative review Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes,1 Rosângela Higa21Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Nursing Department, Prof Dr José Aristodemo Pinotti Women’s Hospital, CAISM, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Abstract: Prostate cancer, the leading cancer among men, constitutes a serious public health problem worldwide. Its treatment and care require a multi-professional approach. This descriptive review was conducted to establish the role of the clinical nurse specialist in providing prostate cancer care. The CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Medscape, LILACS, BDENF, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant publications up to September 2013 written in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, using the Electronic Information Access Program and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) Periodicals Portal in the search system of the Digital Library of the University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Articles not present in these databases or that did not discuss nursing care for men with prostate cancer and/or their families were excluded. Analysis of 20 studies selected according to these criteria revealed four important aspects of specialized nursing care: care provided 1) at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis; in the 2) pretreatment and 3) posttreatment periods; and 4) in the assistance of partners and family members of men with prostate cancer. The studies included in the analysis showed that physical and psychological problems, such as loss of energy and motivation, functional impairment, and loss of sex life, were relevant to nursing care. They confirmed that nursing care actions for men with prostate cancer should start at the time of diagnosis, when patients must participate in deciding the best course of treatment. During the prostatectomy period, care involves preoperative preparation, which is fundamental for recovery and adaption to postoperative sequelae. Family members, especially partners, should also receive attention and support during this period. The results allowed the conclusion that the role of the clinical nurse specialist in the care of men with prostate cancer is broad and essential, but interventions and new strategies of care need to be evaluated through well-designed clinical studies. Keywords: prostatic neoplasm, nursing care, nurse clinician, prostatectomy, review literature as topic

Current panorama of temporomandibular disorders' field in Brazil.

In 2012, the recognition of the specialty of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain completed ten years. Given this scenario, it is extremely important to track the current situation of this field of knowledge in Brazil, specifically in the area of research and training. We hope to discuss the importance of the recognition of this specialty and the inclusion of these subjects in undergraduate programs in Dentistry.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to perform a bibliometric survey of researches regarding Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain conducted in the country, determine the number of specialization courses in Orofacial Pain and the number of specialists in the field.MethodsThe bibliometric survey was conducted based on the Dissertations Portal of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher education Personnel (CAPES) and on PubMed. The panorama of the field of Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular disorders in Brazil was determined by searching on the website of the Brazilian Council of Dentistry.ResultsWe found 731 theses and dissertations with Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain as the main subjects; 81 accredited/recognized Courses on Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Dysfunction completed; 8 accredited/recognized Specialization Courses on Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Dysfunction still in progress, and 1,064 registered specialists in Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Dysfunction in the Brazilian Council of Dentistry. Search in the PUBMED database yielded 576 articles published with the participation of Brazilian researchers as first authors and/or co-authors in the period from 2000 to 2013. From this amount, only 5 were published in Portuguese, while all the others were published in english. We can also notice that the number of published articles increases over time.ConclusionThe number of researches related to temporomandibular disorders has increased over the last ten years, as well as the number of specialization courses and the number of specialists, which represents a major breakthrough for this field of knowledge.

PÓS-DOUTORADO NA FORMAÇÃO DOS DOCENTES DE PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO NO BRASIL - PERFIL E CONFIGURAÇÃO

<p>Neste artigo, o foco recai sobre a qualificação dos professores, em seu percurso profissional, por meio da realização de pós-doutorado. Destaca-se que pesquisas a respeito dessa forma de qualificação ainda são escassas. Este artigo tem, portanto, o propósito de investigar o perfil e a atual configuração de professores atuantes nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Administração stricto sensu qualificados pela CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) em níveis 5, 6 e 7, que realizaram pós-doutorado. No trabalho desenvolvido por Castro, Porto e Júnior (2009), os autores argumentam que a dinâmica do Sistema Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia apresenta uma dependência de atualização e uma crescente necessidade de prontidão dos docentes atuantes em pesquisa na pós-graduação brasileira. Na pesquisa descritiva foram identificados os docentes que haviam realizado pelo menos um pós-doutorado. Consideraram-se os dados relativos ao triênio 2007-2009. Verificou-se a configuração por meio de gênero, ano de realização do pós-doutorado, se a instituição é nacional ou estrangeira; instituição de origem do pós-doutorado e quanto tempo após o doutorado realizou o pós-doutorado. Por fim, delineou-se uma agenda de estudos com vistas à continuidade da exploração do tema.<br /><br /></p>

Metabolomic Model For Chronic Gvhd Diagnosis

IntroductionMetabolomics is an essential tool for Translational Medicine, with a holistic non targeted approach, which provides information from the metabolic profile that can be used as a potential biomarker for a certain feature. The identification of biomarker profiles can be translated into simplified tests for the early diagnosis of diseases such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). AimTo evaluate the feasibility of a diagnostic protocol for chronic GVHD (cGVHD) based on the metabolic profile of blood serum from patients (pts) submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). MethodologyThe study included a prospective, nested cohort of 41 adult pts who had undergone first full-match allogeneic HSCT at Hospital de Cl'nicas/ University of Campinas between August, 2011-January, 2013 and had signed the Consent Form. Blood serum samples were prospectively collected on the day of hospitalization (D-8), day of transplantation (D0), NADIR phase (D+10) and D+100 post-HSCT. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic experiments were performed at the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio/CNPEM). Samples were previously filtered on a 3 kDa cut off filter, diluted 3X on 100 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4, referenced with 10% D2O and 0.5 mM DSS (4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid) for further absolute quantification of metabolites. The acquisition of 1D spectra was performed on a Agilent/Varian INOVA spectrometer operating at 1H resonance frequency of 600MHz. The spectra processing, identification and quantification of metabolites were performed by using the application package Chenomx NMR Suite and the target profiling approach (Chenomx, Inc). Samples from pts who developed chronic GVHD, at anytime, were marked as “cGVHD group”, and those who did not develop chronic GVHD, “cGVHD-free group” . Blood samples from pts who died up to 200 days after HSCT and did not develop chronic GVHD were excluded from the analysis, as were also all samples from pts whose sample collection was lacking at least in one period. T-tests (p<0.05) were applied at each sampling time in order to select metabolites and perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering and calculate Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for cGVHD diagnosis model using the software Pirouette¨ 4.0 (Infometrix, Inc) and the web tools MetaboAnalyst 2.0 and ROCCET. ResultsMedian age was 41(18-69) years old and 61% were male. 18/41(44%) pts matched the inclusion criteria for the study. 6/18 (33%) pts had undergone cGVHD therapy. Seventy-three metabolites were identified and quantified in the blood serum samples. 8 metabolites were selected by T-test application at each studied time (2 metabolites from D-8, 2 from D0, 3 from D+10 and 1 from D+100). Using the selected metabolites the PCA showed clear separation between pts from “cGVHD” and “cGVHD-free” groups as well as hierarchical clustering (Fig. 1), confirmed by ROC analysis as a high sensitivity and specificity model for cGVHD diagnosis (AUC 0.99 and CI 0.93-1.00) (Fig. 2). [Display omitted] [Display omitted] ConclusionMetabolic differences were found in both studied groups. These differences may be used as a biomarker profile for cGVHD diagnosis up 100 days post-HSCT. Our results demonstrated that the statistical model using combined prospective time-series analysis is a powerful metabolomic model for early cGVHD diagnosis. Disclosures:Alborghetti:Sao Paulo Research Foundation: Research Funding. da Silva:Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES): Research Funding.

Evaluation of the Regional Reference Centre on Drugs of Juiz de Fora, Brazil

There are some evidences in Brazil and others countries pointing out insufficient resources and actions to promote prevention and rehabilitation for substance abuse related disorders. Also the lack of professional qualification contributes to this scenario, generating knowledge deficiencies and inadequate practices. The study evaluates the Regional Reference Centre on Drugs of Juiz de Fora, Brazil (CRR-JF). The CRR-JF aims to train professionals of the local health sector (NHS) and social care system increasing their knowledge of screening and brief intervention (SBI) practices on the use of drugs and strengthening health care activities. Five courses are provided: Motivational Counseling and Brief Intervention, Case Management and Social Reintegration of Drug Users, Improvement of Medical Practices about Drugs, and Comprehensive Drug Care for Hospital’s Professionals. Questionnaires were applied measuring participant satisfaction and changes in the practices. The added workload of the courses was 360 hours. A total of 180 professionals attended the courses (community health workers, social workers, nurses, doctors, psychologists and others). According to results, 83.2% of participants were satisfied or very satisfied about the courses attended; 61.3% evaluated the content of the courses as good, 28% as great, and 60% were very satisfied or satisfied with the applicability of the course content. Regarding SBI, the participants showed a significant increase in their level of trust and ability to approach users of psychoactive substances and counsel them to reduce or stop their consumption. Besides providing knowledge acquisition, participation in the CRR-JF enabled greater discussion of the practices carried out, reflecting on the work of professionals in the development of more effective interventions in prevention, promotion, and psychosocial rehabilitation of users of psychoactive substances. Acknowledgments: National Secretary of Policy on Drugs (SENAD), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

Academic Master's courses in the field of Nursing: an analysis of course load

to identify, among the Academic Master's courses, run by Brazilian post-graduate nursing programs, analyzed in the three-yearly evaluation (2007-2009) of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the course load stated by the programs for training Master's degree students. a descriptive, quantitative, documental study, with data collected in July 2010, through consulting the above-mentioned Coordination's reports in the item "Programs' Proposals", in the Table of Indicators, available on the Internet. discrepancies were found between the course loads of the 32 Academic Master's courses in the different regions of Brazil, with the smallest having a course load of 315 hours and the largest, 1530 hours. greater discussion is needed about the course load necessary for training the competencies and skills for the profile desired for the students on graduating from the course. The study provides advances in nursing knowledge, as previous investigations on the same issue were not identified. It is hoped that Academic Master's courses in nursing may see themselves in this process and may review their pedagogical decisions in the light of the new models of training/qualification of nursing professionals, centered in science, technology and innovation in the area.

Perfil das dissertações e teses brasileiras acerca do trauma: uma pesquisa documental

To characterize the dissertations and theses available in the Bank of Theses of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) that deal with trauma. This is a documentary research on the characterization of Brazilian theses and dissertations that deal with trauma, available at the CAPES Theses Database. Data collection was carried out in March 2012, by master's degree students and PhDs, following a research protocol. A total of 411 dissertations and theses about trauma were analyzed. We elucidated considerations on the following aspects of the selected studies: academic level, location of conduction of the work, author's training, methodological design, theme and type of trauma. The significant amount of studies analyzed reveals the importance of trauma in the current scenario, the expansion of graduate programs and researchers being in line with the theme that alarmingly affects the national and international epidemiology.

Filosofia buberiana e a produção da pós-graduação Stricto Sensu brasileira: revisão integrativa

Revisão integrativa que objetivou caracterizar a produção do conhecimento da Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu brasileira que se desenvolveu à luz da filosofia de Martin Buber. A coleta de dados ocorreu no Banco de Teses da CAPES e 66 produções compuseram a amostra. O período de 2003 a 2007 agrupou a maioria dos estudos que foram defendidos em programas de Educação e Psicologia. A maior parte foi produzida na região Sudeste e focada nas temáticas processo ensino-aprendizagem e sexualidade humana. Conclui-se que a utilização deste referencial, por sua abrangência e complexidade, tem servido a diferentes disciplinas do conhecimento no subsídio a distintos objetos de investigação. Ainda, configura uma alternativa à saúde e à Enfermagem para o desenvolvimento do cuidado relacional-dialógico e humanístico.

Multiunit recording of cortico-hippocampal system of rats

Event Abstract Back to Event Multiunit recording of cortico-hippocampal system of rats Ana Kunicki1*, Edgard Morya2, 3, Miguel Nicolelis2, 4, 5, Sidarta Ribeiro2, 5 and Koichi Sameshima1, 2, 3 1 University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil 2 Alberto Santos Dumont Research Support Association, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health,Medicine and Life Sciences, Brazil 3 Sírio Libanês Hospital, Teaching and Research Institute, Brazil 4 Duke University Medical Center, Center for Neuroengineering, United States 5 Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience of Natal, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health,Medicine and Life Sciences, Brazil The cortico-hippocampal system has an important role in memory consolidation. We have constructed microelectrodes array to study the dynamics of interaction among cerebral regions. The electrodes array consists of 32 teflon coated tungsten sharp microwires (diameter 50 μm; impedance 1-3 MΩ at 1 kHz measured in saline). Each array was built with specific stereotaxic coordinates to implant in the hippocampus (2.4 - 3.8 mm caudal to bregma; 1.0 - 3.0 mm lateral to bregma e 2.0 mm depth for layer CA1) and prefrontal cortex(0.5 - 4.2 mm rostral to bregma; 0.4 – 1.0 mm lateral to bregma and 1.6 mm depth for layer III-V)1. Each electrode was spaced 320 μm in the antero-posterior and 300 μm in the medio-lateral axis. The electrodes array was fixed with epoxy paste, soldered in a printed circuit board and connected to miniature connector (Omnetics, MN, USA)2. The arrays were implanted in male Wistar rats (n=4) at the right hemisphere, in accordance with NIH guidelines for survival surgery. Rats were anesthetized with Ketamine (100 mg/kg) and Xylazine (5 mg/kg) following induction with Halothane. One week after surgery, single-unit and multi-unit activities were recorded (Plexon Inc, TX) in the freely moving rat, two hours a day, during one month. After euthanasia and perfusion, 50 μm frozen sections were cut and stained with Nissl coloration to identify the electrodes position. We have recorded in average (±SD) 41±9 neurons in the hippocampus and 53±13 neurons in the prefrontal regions based on the quantification of multiple parameters (waveform voltage and shape, and interspike interval). These data recorded chronically of neuronal populations simultaneously allow understanding the dynamic of cortico-hyppocampal system, that is essential for the comprehension of the neural mechanisms underlying memory consolidation. Financial Support: Alberto Santos Dumont Research Support Association (AASDAP); The State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Sírio Libanês Hospital; Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq); Duke University and The Brazilian Innovation Agency (FINEP).

The objectives of the university

The considerations of the sociologist Simon Schwartzman on his article of May 7 2008 (VEJA Magazine) and on theensuing letters on this subject motivated me to write this editorial.The Triple Pillar of the University are: Teaching, Research and Extension.I would add to it:- Interaction between teacher and student- Interaction between diversified and specific courses- Interaction between undergraduate and postgraduate courses- Interaction between the university and public and private sectorsI believe that, most of all, the University’s main activity is to prepare qualified and competent human resources tomeet society’s needs.The subject of pure versus applied research always comes up. They shouldn’t be considered separately. What mattersis the continuous search for knowledge and the consequent scientific production. There are those who support that researchshould not be restricted to the academy but should be converted into products or services to society (Prof. Schwartzman’sarticle). Others support that the university should practice high level academic research independent or not of practicalresults that would benefit the public and private sectors (letter from Dr.Geraldo A.S. Passos Jr., PhD, University of SaoPaulo, Ribeirao Preto).This is the question. The two points of view should not be considered separately.Postgraduate programs aim qualify teachers and researchers. How does this process begin?Certainly it does not have in mind a practical product to benefit society. Research, at its initial level, is essentiallyacademic. The role of the university is, before anything else, the qualification of highly competent professionals that, underthe supervision of researchers that work on their own areas of research, produce knowledge and qualify other researchers.Senior researchers in their areas should be apt to cater to the necessities of the market and to register patents.Decisions should be taken individually. They depend on each researcher’s point of view. Human beings are complex and soare researchers.Research supporting agencies such as Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES),National Research Council (CNPq) and Sao Paulo State Foundation for Research (FAPESP) demand high quality researchwhich makes researchers invest on their own careers and to progress in their academic ranking. The evaluation system usedby these agencies certainly helped to improve the quality of the Brazilian scientific journals along the years.Acta Cirurgica Brasileira’s main objective is the publication of scientific articles on experimental surgery. This areais of no interest to the public and private sectors. It does not accept commercial advertising. It survives at the expenses of thesupport offered by CNPq and the support of its subscribers. Articles published constitute pure academic research and itbecame an indexed journal in the following agencies: SciElo, Medline, Embase, Scopus and Thomson Reuters (ISI).There are those who say that “all scientific research should have its applicability and a target impact; otherwise,it is worthless and, many times, a waste of resources”.My academic experience, especially on postgraduate level, proved that the effective practice of research (even if it isnot applied) has contributed to the qualification of competent professionals to serve the university. It improved teaching andresearch activities, including the betterment of professional practice.In addition, it taught every student that medical discoveries and breakthroughs result from painstaking scientificinvestigation carried by everyday work at laboratories, hospitals and universities.

Social insertion of nursing graduate programs

Since the dissemination of preliminary results of the triennial evaluation of Graduate (GP) courses in Brazil, performed by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), much has been discussed on the theme among academics. The evaluation system values aspects related to the quality of programs focused on the education of human resources and the generation of knowledge produced, which are scored according to the following requirements: quality of the program proposal, faculty members, students, theses and dissertations, intellectual production and social insertion. Considering that the latter aims to identify how these master’s and doctoral graduates, as well as their research and advisors, act in terms of decisive challenges for society, and that each knowledge area is autonomous to define and understand social insertion within its particularities, in this editorial, we tried to present elements to support reflection on the GP’s social insertion in Brazilian Nursing. Since the creation of the first master’s (1972) and doctoral (1981) programs, the mission of Nursing graduate programs in Brazil has been to contribute to the education of critical, ethical and considerate master’s and doctoral graduates, capable of building new knowledge to the benefit of society. The number of master’s and doctoral programs in nursing, accredited by CAPES, has increased in recent last years by 69%, from 16 programs in the triennium 1998-2000 to 27 in 2004-2006. A total of 2,102 master’s and 653 doctoral graduates in Nursing, from different Brazilian states, Latin American and Portuguesespeaking African countries, graduated in the period between 2001 and 2006. Currently, there are 32 graduate programs, approximately 700 undergraduate courses in Nursing and 200,000 graduated nurses. The academia plays a central role in the generation of knowledge and graduate programs are responsible for the larger part of scientific production in Brazilian nursing. This production has gained increased visibility worldwide, though still far from the more traditional areas such as Medicine, both in number of articles and in the percentage of citation and journal impact number. However, it is perceived that, like in other knowledge areas, there is difficulty in applying the knowledge produced in practice and in the production of products. It is understood that, to expand GP, it is necessary to discuss their future, not only regarding the increase in publications in international journals of impact, but also in terms of the social insertion of its academic production and its contribution to the country’s social and economic development. Thus, publication of research results in high-quality national periodicals and in the popular media is also necessary, so that society perceives research results with consequent reflection on people’s lives. It is known that the contributions of scientific research to the society are mediated by broad political, cultural and social processes (1) . However, some elements can be considered indicators of what these contributions are. In the exact sciences, for instance, these indicators can be the generation of technical results, such as processes, patents conceded, and innovative software. In the health area, the results are focused on the quality of care delivered to users, productivity and service efficiency, diminished morbidity and mortality indicators and increased longevity, among others. The GP’s social insertion, on the other hand, is broader because it includes aspects of knowledge production and human resource education that are evaluated by CAPES through the following indicators: Insertion and regional and (or) national impact: evaluated by the educational impact (contribution to the improvement of primary, secondary, undergraduate, technical/professional education), social impact (education of human resources qualified for public administration or civil society, able to contribute to the improvement of public management and the reduction of social debt or training groups that use science resources or knowledge);

Teaching of bioethics in dental graduate programs in Brazil

In the field of human research, researchers are faced with unexpected moral dilemmas, as a result of the development of technologies applied to health. Due to the great importance of this issue, our objective was to evaluate bioethics instruction in the education of researchers in Brazilian graduate programs in dentistry. Eighty-seven graduate programs in dentistry, recognized by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) were evaluated in this study. Data were extracted independently by two researchers from the CAPES website, and from the websites of the graduate programs, directly or via links to the programs available at the CAPES website. Forty-eight out of 87 programs had an ethics/bioethics course as part of their curricula. Of the graduation programs graded 5, 6 or 7 by CAPES, 38% included bioethics courses, while 62% of the programs graded 3 or 4 by CAPES had bioethics courses as part of their curricula. These findings are an alert to those involved in dental research education, as they showed that, although resolution 196/96 by the National Council of Health regulating human research in Brazil was published ten years ago, bioethics instruction in Brazilian graduate programs in dentistry is still at an incipient stage. This situation indicates a need for ethics pedagogy in the education of young researchers.

Gênero e saúde: perfil e tendências da produção científica no Brasil

The differences in health between men and women have been object of great interest, but interpretations tend to be naturalized and essentialists. Gender-oriented studies have criticized this literature and offered new analythical alternatives. The present study was intended to describe the profile and trends of scientific production on gender and health in Brazil. Data sources comprised the Research Groups Directory of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (National Research Council), CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) Thesis Bank, and four journals available in SciELO--Scientific Eletronic Library Online. Fifty-one groups with at least one line of research in the subject were identified, with regional and institutional concentrations. The results confirmed the marked growth of scientific production in this field as 98 master and 42 doctoral dissertations and 665 articles on gender and health were retrieved. Women authored 86.0% and 89.0% of doctoral and master dissertations respectively, and 70.5% of the articles. Most were published in the 2000s when diversification of the studied topics was also seen. The studied subjects can be divided into five subgroups: reproduction and contraception; gender and violence; sexuality and health with emphasis on STD/AIDS; work and health, including domestic and night work; other emergent or less explored topics. There are major political, epistemological and methodological challenges for strengthening these advancements. The gender perspective offers possibilities for enlightment of theoretical dilemmas in public health. Furthermore, it can be added to other intellectual and political efforts towards understanding health and its determinants and fighting against inequalities and for social justice.