Motivation For Cooperation Research Articles

Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Motivasi Kerja Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru

The results of the analysis show the principal leadership style, teacher work motivation simultaneously significant and significant to teacher performance, thus hypothesis. Based on the results of data processing and research results there was an influence between the leadership style of principals and work motivation on the performance of madrasah teachers by 26.9%. So it can be said the better the quality of leadership style of principal and work motivation, the better the performance of teachers. Based on these findings, it can be concluded: (1) There is a positive and significant influence between principal leadership style and four sub-variables on Executive Style and Developer Style (2) There is a positive and significant influence between principal leadership style on teacher performance Madrasah Tsanawiyah / MTsS (3) There is a positive and significant influence between work motivation on teacher performance, achievement of financial motivation. (4) There is a positive and significant influence between the principal's leadership style and the motivation of cooperation on teacher performance. (5) Managerial efforts to improve the principal's leadership style and work motivation and teacher performance by increasing the dimensions that determine these variables.

Disappointment or unexpected gain? A survey-based study of the motives and outcomes of inter-municipal cooperation in Poland

Abstract Based on a survey of inter-municipal unions (IMUs) and inter-municipal companies (IMComs) in Poland, this article identifies the most common motives for launching inter-municipal cooperation and the most frequently reported outcomes. The declared motives are compared with the perceived outcomes, with a particular focus on mismatch situations: disappointments (when the expected gain was not realised) and unexpected outcomes (when the reported outcomes exceeded initial expectations). The research shows that the latter are reported more frequently than the former. The most frequently indicated motives for cooperation were related to financial benefits and included cost reduction and applying for additional funding. The “defensive” motive of IMC – cooperation to maintain the status quo – is practically absent. The data also suggests that cooperation can be perceived as “a value in its own right”.

Partnerships in Bulgarian Hospital Sector – Practice and Development

Introduction. In recent years, hospitals in Bulgaria have been operating in resource constraint and highly competitive environment, which hindered their operations. Collaboration in the hospital sector provides opportunities to address environmental challenges and facilitates the access to resources and new markets. The aim of this article is to analyze the partnerships between hospitals and other organizations and to evaluate their development in Bulgaria. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in 2016 among senior managers of 71 hospitals in Bulgaria. Using the survey, the previous experience of hospital managers in the implementation of partnerships, attitudes and motives for cooperation with other organizations is analyzed. Results and Discussion. The results of the survey indicate that all hospitals participate in some form of partnership with other healthcare and health establishments or organizations outside the healthcare system. Most often, they cooperate with external service providers, other Bulgarian healthcare establishments, as well as with providers of medical equipment and supplies. Hospitals cooperate with other hospitals mainly to share necessary resources (specialists and equipment) for their medical activities. They tend to have limited cooperation with their direct competitors mainly to exchange staff and have more patients. Hospital managers define their partnerships as successful in terms of results achieved. Conclusion. In the hospital sector in Bulgaria, co-operation is widely used as an opportunity to share resources and risks with other organizations. Partnerships with foreign hospitals that have the potential to improve the competitiveness of Bulgarian hospitals have not yet been sufficiently developed.

COMPARATIVE RESEARCH OF THE MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF DIFFERENT LEVEL

The article discusses the main theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of motive, motivation, motivational sphere. The structure of the given phenomena is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the problem of educational activity motivation and the main motives that have a significant impact on the success of training. The attention is focused on the research of the educational activity motivation of students of different specialties of higher educational institutions.A comprehensive program of studying the separate components of the motivation of students’ learning is considered. Its individual methods mutually complement and mutually refine the obtained data. The characteristic of a sample of an empirical research of the motivation of students of educational institutions of different levels is presented.The results of the conducted research are analyzed. The dominant motivation of learning in the form of motives for mastering a profession, obtaining a diploma, acquiring knowledge, focus on self-improvement and educational and professional activitiy as leading in a given age period, are considered. The manifestation of students’ narrow and broad social and cognitive motives for mastering new knowledge, as well as motives for self-development and cooperation, are studied. Attention is focused on the degree of expression of students’ motivation to achieve and avoid failures in learning activity. The peculiarities of students’ attitudes towards study in the form of professional, educational and utilitarian motives are revealed. The ratio of external and internal, positive and negative motivation is analyzed. The possibility of further developing a program to increase the learning motivation is considered and its goals are highlighted.

Towards a social theory of fear: A phenomenology of negative integration

Despite its undisputed importance, fear is yet to become a distinct research area for social theory. However, without a clear conceptualization of fear, the explanation of significant phenomena, such as the risk-related anxiety or the conflict of the global and the local, remains incomplete. This article aims at reintroducing fear at the fundamental level of social integration. First, the social contract theories of Hobbes and Rousseau are reinterpreted in order to identify a negative (based on fear) and a positive (based on hope) motivational basis of self-limiting one’s freedom of pursuing individual goals. These motivations for cooperation are the prerequisite of any society, as their absence results in disintegration. While social contract theories analyse them in detail, social theories forget about this level and focus on the mechanisms of action coordination. From the perspective of the two types of motivation for cooperation, two modalities of integration mechanisms identified by classical (Weber, Durkheim, Habermas) and late modern (Beck, Castells) social theories are elaborated. Based on such a model, the contemporary expansion of fear is explained as a consequence of the upset balance of the two modalities, leading to the predominance of negative integration.

COMPARING BEHAVIORAL MODELS USING DATA FROM EXPERIMENTAL CENTIPEDE GAMES

The centipede game posits one of the most well‐known paradoxes of backward induction in the literature of experimental game theory. Given that deviations from the unique subgame perfect Nash equilibrium generates a Pareto improvement, several theoretical models have been employed in order to rationalize this kind of behavior in this social dilemma. The available explanations range from social preferences including fairness, altruism or cooperation motives, errors in playing, inability to perform backward induction or different depths of reasoning. In the present study, we use the Blavatskyy's theoretical contribution, and relax the assumptions of Expected Utility maximization and risk‐neutral attitudes, to test an alternative explanation. We compare various probabilistic decision theory models in terms of their descriptive (in‐sample) and predictive (out‐of‐sample fit) performance, using data from experimental centipede games. We find that introducing non‐Expected Utility preferences to the Quantal Response Equilibrium model, along with a nonlinear utility function, provides a better explanation compared to alternative specifications such as the Level‐k or the Quantal Response Equilibrium model with altruistic motives. (JEL C72, C92, D81, D82)

OPTIMIZATION OF COOPERATION BETWEEN SOCIAL WORK SPECIALISTS AND PEDAGOGES OF PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS

PERKHAILO Nelia – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Senior Lecture of the Social Pedagogy and Social Work Department, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University, Sukhomlynskyi Str., 30, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, 08400, UkraineE-mail address: ne-la@ukr.netORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-6256ResearcherID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2384-2019ROZHKO-PAVLYSHYN Tetiana – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Lecture of the Pedagogy and Methods of Primary and Pre-school Education, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University, Maksym Kryvonos Str., 2, Ternopil, 246027, UkraineE-mail address: tana.rzhk@gmail.comORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-5982 ResearcherID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/C-2370-2019 To cite this article: Perkhailo, N., & Rozhko-Pavlyshyn, T. (2019). Optimization of cooperation between social work specialists and pedagoges of pre-school educational establishments. Liudynoznavchi studii. Seriia «Pedahohika» – Human Studies. Series of «Pedagogy», 8/40, 131–145. doi: 10.24919/2413-2039.8/40.164417. Article history Received: November 10, 2018Received in revised form: January 10, 2019 Accepted: February 18, 2019Available online: April 22, 2019Journal homepage: http://lssp.dspu.edu.ua/ p-ISSN 2313-2094e-ISSN 2413-2039 © 2019 The Authors. Human studies. Series of «Pedagogy» published by Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University & Open Journal Systems. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).Abstract. Considering the need for a substantive and technological upgrade of the social work system, which should meet the challenges of the time, to the demands of society, there is a need to find ways for its optimization, in particular, at the stage of primary socialization of the younger generation – in pre-school establishments.The proposed article elucidates the current problem of establishing a part-nership, constructive professional communication between teachers of pre-school establishments and specialists in social work in the formation of a fully-developed, socially-protected pre-school child, improving cooperation with parents, preven-ting professional burnout of workers, etc.It presents the results of study of the existing cooperation between teachers of pre-school establishments in the process of social upbringing of children, social-pedagogical work with their parents; identifies typical drawbacks and difficulties in the activity of specialists of the mentioned sphere: lack of social pedagogues on the staff of pre-school institutions as well as resources available to them, limited nature of the stereotyped forms and methods used, weak link with social workers, etc.The reasons and consequences of reducing the educational potential of the family, the quality of communication in it, are related to the inadequate level of so-cial experience of parents, their communicative culture; lack of readiness for a con-structive dialogue with teachers and specialists in the social sphere. The authors determined the conditions for optimizing cooperation between social work specia-lists and teachers of pre-school establishments, which requires introduction of a social teacher’s position in the pre-school establishments; formation of positive motivation for cooperation and effective professional communication in the peda-gogical and social specialists; preparation of future specialists (educators and so-cial workers) for social partnership; diversification of technologies for such coope-ration.The logic of qualitative transformation of professional cooperation between teachers of pre-school establishments and specialists in social work involves a ho-listic rethinking of the content and methods of their work: from the motivation, the conscious need for such interaction – to mastering the relevant tools, algorithm of activities and their creative use, which must be first and foremost provided in the process the professional training of future specialists; and continuous improvement – through the self-development of employees.The publication outlines the perspectives of solving the problem of improving the interaction of specialists in the direction of socialization of children of pre-school age, interaction, coordinating efforts of subjects of social influence, personal professional development. It reveals features of the most productive educational discourse that unites and strengthens the possibilities of innovative, integrated, contextual, active learning.Acknowledgments. Sincere thanks to pedagoges of pre-school educational establishments and social work specialists in the cities of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky and Ternopil, Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky and Ternopil districts.Funding. The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Inicjatywa Trójmorza w świetle teorii realizmu. Polityczne aspekty nowej formy współpracy dwunastu państw

The aim of the article is to explain the motives of cooperation within the framework of the Three Seas Initiative in the light of the theory of realism. The following research questions are addressed: What are the interests of the states involved in creating the Three Seas Initiative? Does the Three Seas Initiative contribute to strengthening or weakening the integration process in the EU? Does the Three Seas Initiative affect the balance of power in the regional and global dimension? How can classical realism, structural realism (neorealism) and neoclassical realism help to answer these questions? On the one hand, the Three Seas Initiative is considered as Poland's attempt to strengthen its role and the position of Central and Eastern Europe, with the support of the United States. On the other hand, the declared goals of the Three Seas Initiative are to consolidate the European Union and even the entire Euro-Atlantic community. The United States consistently supports this initiative, which is in line with its interests, particularly in the sphere of energy. The reaction of European actors was more complex, but in 2018 the European Commission unexpectedly recognised that the Three Seas Initiative complemented the activities of the European Union, and at the same time Germany declared its willingness to join the group. The theory of realism explains well the motives of competition and conflicts, focusing on the aspect of security and power, and admitting the primacy of the political sphere. When explaining cooperation in the Three Seas Initiative, this approach faces difficulties, as the cooperation’s emphasis has been shifted to the economic dimension. Its declaratory objectives focus on infrastructure development in transport, energy and digital fields. Nevertheless, the political significance of this new initiative is increasing. The priorities as stated in the Bucharest declaration comprise strengthening the cohesion of the EU and the transatlantic ties, highlighting the economic presence of the US in the region. In case of further unfavourable transformations of the international order, an increase of threats for the region may lead to strengthening the political dimension of the Three Seas Initiative as a tool for building relations between Central and Eastern Europe and the United States. The article is an introduction and an incentive for further research on the Three Seas Initiative based on the theories of international relations.

Driving Force of Grassroots Self-governance in Beijing’s Neighborhoods: Social Capital, Community Network and Community Service Motivation

Placed at the bottom of China’s urban governance system, residents’ committees led by street offices are not only responsible for welfare provision but also imposing sociopolitical control on residents at grassroots society. With a large number of floating population flooding into Beijing in recent years, the demographic structure of its neighborhoods becomes increasingly diversified, which is likely to cause some latent social instabilities. Consequently, more and more residents’ committees are authorized to establish community work stations to underpin the function of grassroots governance and shift administrative responsibilities from superior governments. Since urban neighborhoods in China are actually an acquaintance society in the “differential mode of association (差序格局)”, the self-enforcement and self-governance of community work station depends on acquaintanceship and interaction between local residents, residents’ committees and community work stations. This article intends to explore the operation of grassroots self-governance by a case of Panjiayuan Neighborhood in Chaoyang District of Beijing. The empirical study based on mixed methods of qualitative interview and quantitative survey has revealed that community work stations led by resident’s committees is an arena of self-governance and its operational mechanism is driven by social capital under the mediator of community network, within which social capital will be accumulated and proliferated in the neighborhood, and resident’s motivation for voluntary cooperation will be intensified as well.

Contemporary approaches to working with a family educating a child with speech disturbance

The following article presents speech-therapy guidance for the families, who have kids with speech disorders, and outlines directions and means of solving the problem. The authors view speech-therapy guidance as interaction of all the participants in the correction process. Its implementation goes as a simultaneous, coherent system of work, which begins with interaction between the child, the therapist and experts in other specialties (psychologist, doctors, and rehabilitation specialists). Afterwards the work is meant to continue by parents supervised by the speech therapist. The article touches upon both group and individual work done in cooperation with parents. Group work – parents’ meetings, guidance, round tables, exhibitions, seminars, frontal-work lessons, workshops, games and exercises’ libraries, visual libraries, open days and conferences. Individual work – individual discourses, practicing, watching individual lessons, recommendation notices, homework notebooks, conducting surveys and home libraries. The authors claim that the system of a speech-therapy guidance can be introduced as two general aspects in work: 1) Speech-therapy aspect involves acquiring knowledge about phases and peculiarities of the child’s speech development, enhancing speaking communication among children, forming awareness of pre-school children speech disorders, motivation for cooperation with speech therapists, teachers and children, acquiring skills to follow the therapist’s advice and use all the correction exercises. The points mentioned above help to do the speech therapist supervised correction work, to adhere to the same requirements and the sequence of speech influence and conduct systematic correction work in accordance to the speech therapist’s advice. 2) Psychological aspect involves forming the knowledge about age-based psychological peculiarities of children’s development, fostering motivation skills for speaking communication, developing the skill of providing appropriate conditions for effective speech development, promoting ways of successful communication of children and parents. Nowadays there are different ways and forms of speech-therapy guidance for parents. The ones that proved to be the most informative and interactive are contemporary information technologies.

ГУБРИСТИЧНА МОТИВАЦІЯ ЯК ФАКТОР ОСОБИСТІСНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ

Relevance of the problem:The study of junior students' hubristic motives is a new area of scientific research, so the study of the features of younger students' self-awareness and personality traits, depending on their dominant hubristic motivation, is relevant. Aim: determination of self-awareness and personality traits, depending on pupil’s dominant hubristic motivation Methodology of the research: The projective methodology "Fairy tale Kingdom", projective "Tree" Technique (John and Dian Lampen), the Fairy Tale Test (by K. Colacclaw), methodology "Style of Self-Regulation of Children's Behavior - SSRCB M2" V.I. Morosanova. The sample included 204 students (3-d and 4-th forms) of Gymnasium № 169 in Kharkiv. Results of the research. The motivation of superiority over others in younger students involves perceiving their current status as a leader in the classroom. The real and desirable student`s status corresponds to his/her hubristic degree, as well as to the dominant emotional states (aggression or anxiety), motives (affiliate needs that determine the motives of cooperation or needs for superiority, which determine the motives of competition) or personal characteristics. Typological profiles of hubristic motivation determine the awareness of one's own status in the class and the desire to change it, determine the manifestation of personal traits, needs, motives and dominant emotional states. Hubristic motivation in younger school age affects the ability to self-regulate behavior.

Participation of interest groups at the local level: can inter-municipal cooperation become democratic?

The article focuses on the question of whether the inter-municipal cooperation can be analyzed by referring to democratic representation and democratic legitimacy concepts. We focus on the democratic input, output, and throughput legitimacy dimenions that reveal how municipal cooperation arrangements deal with the problems of democratic deficit. The article offers a theoretical discussion on network governance that analyzes different interactions between local actors and emphasizes the forms of decentralization and horizontal cooperation and involvement strategies of various stakeholders. We propose the theoretical model of democratic legitimacy in inter-municipal cooperation that is complemented with the data of a quantitative survey of inter-municipal cooperation motivations and potential conducted in January-May of 2018. The aim of the survey was to investigate the drivers and outcomes of inter-municipal cooperation forms in Lithuanian municipalities; reveal the inter-institutional coordination mechanisms used by different local interest groups; evaluate the distribution of power among cooperative partners in delivering municipal services; assess the role of municipalities and social stakeholders in improving the provision of public services. The results of the structural model show the significant differences in treating the initiatives, motives, and outcomes of collaborative arrangements. The main decision-making power is associated with the municipality bureaucrats and local politicians that use their mandate to foster inter-municipal cooperative initiatives. The internal mutual networks and high level of trust enable the more effective inter-municipal cooperation that is associated with a greater impact on municipal service quality and public interest. [...]

Tolerance in young people in the tuition in an educational institution

Аbstract. The issues of tolerance in young people in the process of learning in an educational institution are analyzed. At present, representatives of different cultural traditions, principles of life are forced to share one geographical space. This rapprochement, as real experience shows, does not always proceed peacefully and calmly. Interethnic (intercultural) tension, right up to open confrontation, ethnocentrism, xenophobia - all this testifies to serious problems in modern social relations. There is an opinion that in spite of all the relevance and discussion of this topic in broad social science circles there are no unified approaches to understanding the essential characteristics of the phenomenon of tolerance, there is no understanding of who and how tolerant relations are possible, what are the mechanisms for achieving this goal, Some people see it as a kind of a panacea through which only it is possible to save and preserve civilization, while others believe that it serves only to symbolically hide and cure the real schism and indifference that humanity is exhibiting. A theoretical analysis of the essence of the concept of «tolerance» is reduced to the fact that tolerance by origin is a social category (arises and manifests itself in the process of human interaction with society, with man); it fixes a special (non-violent) type of relationship between a person and society. A characteristic feature of tolerance is the stability of manifestations: at the level of consciousness, it manifests itself in the form of an individual’s attitude, and at the level of behavior as a conscious action or deed, as co-creation. Often, researchers formulate such tasks of psychological and pedagogical activity on the formation of ethnic tolerance of students as the formation of a value attitude to one’s own and other ethnocultures; the formation of motivation for intercultural cooperation; fostering a positive attitude towards cultural differences, the development of intercultural sensitivity; development of skills and skills for effective interaction with representatives of different cultures in the spirit of peace, ethnic tolerance and mutual understanding. Therefore, an important condition for joint activities is the creation in groups with a mixed national composition of an atmosphere of inter-ethnic understanding and tolerance, where everyone, regardless of ethnicity, feels comfortable, open to interaction with others, where ethical standards of behavior in interpersonal communication are observed. That is, the cognitive and emotional components of tolerance are most significant when there are contradictions, clashes of values, dissent in conflict situations. Wherein a tolerant behavior is characterized by the ability not to actualize the conflict, which in turn is determined by the level of upbringing and education.

Cooperation in a sequential dilemma game: How much transparency is good for cooperation?

Is cooperation in a sequential social dilemma more likely if players know when it is their turn in the sequence and what others have done before them? Is such transparency beneficial for cooperation? Having no information or having full information on the order of move and on what others have done before in the sequential game leads to the same theoretical prediction: free-riding. However, Nishihara (Nishihara, 1997) proved that full cooperation can be sustained in a class of social dilemma games in a Nash equilibrium if players have partial information. This is the case when they do not know the order of their move in the game and only observe whether or not someone chose to free-ride before them. In an experiment, we implement a game satisfying these conditions. We compare behavior in this game to the same game, but with subjects informed on the order in which they move. Cooperation is not an equilibrium in this case, but we find that cooperation is more frequent in this treatment than in the partial information treatment where cooperation is an equilibrium outcome. We relate our observations to conditional cooperation motivations.

Selfish and Cooperative Voting: Can the Majority Restrain Themselves?

At every scale from small committees to national elections, voters face tradeoffs between self-interest and the common good. We report three experiments in which participants vote for policies with real payoffs at stake. We manipulate self-interest by randomly assigning participants to two groups in society with different policy payoffs. Participants in the majority group are confronted by a simple choice between a policy that is better for themselves or a policy that is best for society. Overall, we find a clear effect of self-interest: Participants are more likely to choose the policy that earns them more money, compared to participants in the other group, even when the policy is detrimental to the common good. Simultaneously, we observe considerable levels of cooperative voting among participants in the majority, ranging from 47% to 79% across different payoff regimes. Finally, participants were not more cooperative when voting compared to when they chose between the same policies with a lottery or leader institution, departing from the hypothesis that voting institutions promote cooperative motives. We discuss implications for multiple literatures about voting behavior.

Technological Cooperation Trends Under Conditions of the Modern World Economy

The authors emphasized key specific features of technological cooperation under conditions of the modern world economy and analyze modern trends of the world production ties development in high and medium technological economic sectors. They generalized main trends of technological cooperation development in the light of structural changes in the world economy, innovative production process and specific features of regional labor division. It was concluded that structural changes in the world economy, an innovative production process and specific features of regional labor division formed a new location of the world production, an architecture and motivation of technological cooperation in the hi-tech and economic sectors. It was emphasized that an analysis of technological cooperation development for Russia should be performed with account of the mentioned world tendencies and special features of the national economy.

Agency Costs in a Team: The Effect of Negative Feedback on Inter-Judicial Cooperation in Referral Regimes

We exploit the institutional setting of the EU preliminary ruling mechanism to separate out team and agency motives for inter-court cooperation. Nonhierarchical referral regimes, we argue, reflect a pure team model. However, agency problems may occasionally arise when the work of the referring courts fail to meet the referral court's quality standards. To address these agency costs, the referral court may use formal dismissals. We demonstrate that, depending on the strength of the referring court's team motive, prior beliefs and reputational and learning costs, the negative feedback conveyed by the referral court's dismissal can either produce (1) a chilling effect inhibiting subsequent cooperation, or (2) a learning effect. Using data on preliminary references in the EU legal system, we design separate tests for the two hypotheses and implement these in multilevel models. We specifically model learning as a function of lagged exposure to formal dismissal using a Delayed Lagged Model (DLM). We reject the chilling hypothesis but find support for the learning hypothesis and the team model.

Motif Hubungan Kerjasama Antara KRG (Kurdish Regional Government) Irak Dengan Pemerintah Turki (2013-2016)

This research aims to analyze motives behind cooperation between KRG (Kurdish Regional Government) and Turkey government by using neorealism perspective of International relations. On neorealism, state as rational actor will try to maintain their existance or to survive in international system of anarchy. Significhant change of KRG and Turkey government relation, which was in bad term bercause of Turkey rejection of KRG as political entity but then they cooperate after AKP (adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi) or Justice and Development Party won the Turkey election in 2002. That is the main focus of this research, the purpose is to formulize motives behind coopertion between those two entities.The findings of this research is there are two main motives of cooperation between them: first, good relation between them is in order to achieve their own self interest, second, mutual benefit that they get from cooperation is more bigger.Keywords: motives, cooperation, KRG, Turkey, neorelism, interest

Competition–cooperation interplay during multifirm technology coordination: The effect of firm heterogeneity on conflict and consensus in a technology standards organization

Research Summary: We examine how competitive tensions and cooperative motivations together shape firms’ interactions and group‐level outcomes during technology coordination activities in multifirm settings. Analyzing the communication and voting behavior of 115 firms across three subcommittees of a computing industry technology standards‐setting organization over 14 years, we find that existing product‐market positions influence how firms with highly overlapped technological resources differ in their interactions: when their product‐markets are more competitive, they exhibit greater support for the emerging standard, as evidenced by positivity and certainty of interaction tone; but when they possess a broader array of complementary products, support is tempered. At the subcommittee level, after accounting for aggregate competitive tensions in prior interactions, heterogeneity in both firms’ relational influence as well as their prior multiparty experience improve consensus. Managerial Summary: In innovation ecosystems, competing firms are often obligated to collaborate with each other in large multifirm forums to develop the technical standards that enable interoperability between their products. We show how the networks of technical and commercial relationships between firms shape such standards activities in two steps. First, firms who share many common technology interests with others communicate their support for new standards more vigorously when they participate in more competitive product‐markets, but less vigorously when they possess more complementary products. Second, communities find broader support for standards when there is greater imbalance across both firms’ prior collaborative experiences as well as their pattern of relationships. We demonstrate these results in a study of 115 firms participating in computer peripherals standards development over 14 years.

A problem of embeddedness

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a general micro-theoretical framework that helps to understand the embeddedness of trade unions within the European system of industrial relations, and the consequences of this embeddedness for industrial relations outcomes. First, starting from the paradoxical observation of a trend towards homogeneity within a complex, multi-layered European industrial relations system consisting of heterogeneous and autonomous agents, the paper aims to explicate the mechanisms which produce these similarities. Second, the paper seeks to analyse potential mechanisms for transnational trade union cooperation and, third, it concludes by outlining its applicability as the basis for methodological approaches which enable realistic and policy relevant analyses.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is conceptual and focusses on the development of a general micro-theoretical framework which captures European industrial relations actors’ behaviour and outcomes. It integrates theoretical and empirical accounts from differing social science disciplines and from various methodological starting points on trade union action and interaction into one general micro-theoretical framework.FindingsStarting from a typology of trade union goals, the authors show how various social mechanisms lead to interdependencies between trade unions and review empirical evidence for their consequences. The authors, then, identify a set of motives for transnational cooperation that would allow outcomes that are in line with trade union objectives.Originality/valueAgainst the background that previous studies on trade union action and cross-national interaction have paid less attention to the puzzling stylised fact that industrial relations outcomes are mimicked by heterogeneous and autonomous agents actors in different countries, the authors address this research gap by developing a novel general micro-theoretical framework for the analysis of transnational trade union action and interaction in order to better understand the underlying causal mechanisms for the common behaviour and outcomes of autonomous actors.