Cooperative Scheme Research Articles

Cultivating Collective Armor: Towards a Collaborative Cybersecurity Resilience Framework for SMEs

As Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) increasingly integrate digital technologies into their operations, they face escalating cybersecurity threats that challenge their limited financial and human resources. Historically, cybersecurity was not a primary concern for many SMEs due to their minimal reliance on cyberinfrastructure. However, the growing dependency on digital systems has exposed them to significant risks, necessitating robust cybersecurity measures. This research introduces a cybersecurity resilience framework specifically designed to enhance the cybersecurity posture of SMEs through collaborative efforts. Drawing upon principles of collective intelligence, shared resources, and shared responsibility, the proposed framework promotes a holistic approach that merges advanced technological solutions with collaborative practices among SMEs, industry stakeholders, and governmental entities. By enabling SMEs to pool their cybersecurity resources and capabilities, the framework aims to provide a comprehensive defence against cyber threats that could not be achieved by individual entities alone. The research delves into key collaborative literature to ground the framework in proven strategies and existing successful models of collaboration. It highlights how collective action can be a powerful tool in overcoming the inherent vulnerabilities of SMEs to cyber threats. To validate the effectiveness and applicability of the framework, it went through an expert review process involving cybersecurity professionals and stakeholders in the SME sector. This study not only underscores the necessity for SMEs to adapt to the evolving cybersecurity landscape but also provides a practical blueprint for collective defence. The framework’s emphasis on shared responsibility and mutual aid presents a shift from traditional, isolated cybersecurity approaches to a more integrated and cooperative strategy. This has the potential to significantly enhance the resilience of SMEs against cyber threats, safeguarding their operations and contributing to the overall stability of the digital economy. Future research directions include the application of the framework across various industries and global contexts to evaluate its versatility and impact under different regulatory and threat environments.

‘ITA problem’ or opportunity? Online global communication training at a US university to increase undergraduate students’ use of collaborative strategies

Abstract Communication requires cooperative strategies by all interlocutors. Nevertheless, US undergraduate students’ complaints about multilingual international teaching assistants (ITAs) have typically led to training and assessment for ITAs, although the undergraduates may also benefit from training in global communication. The few previous undergraduate-training attempts have generally been too intensive to offer widely and did not investigate data from international undergraduates. The current study reports on a one-hour, completely online training at a US university addressing domestic and international undergraduates’ attitudes, comprehension, and strategies relevant to global communication; it analyzes participant responses to the strategies portion. According to their own ratings, participants in the treatment group (N = 534) were more likely than a control group (N = 528) to intend to use collaborative strategies with an international instructor. Positive correlations between international or multilingual background and willingness to use collaborative strategies were low, suggesting that international students may also benefit from training. Communicative strategies proposed by the students in response to open-ended questions differed for one-on-one vs. in-class communication and suggested ways of improving training to model collaborative behaviors.

A Channel-Sensing-Based Multipath Multihop Cooperative Transmission Mechanism for UE Aggregation in Asymmetric IoE Scenarios

With the continuous progress and development of technology, the Internet of Everything (IoE) is gradually becoming a research hotspot. More companies and research institutes are focusing on the connectivity and transmission between multiple devices in asymmetric networks, such as V2X, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), environmental monitoring, disaster management, agriculture, and so on. The number of devices and business volume of these applications have rapidly increased in recent years, which will lead to a large load of terminals and affect the transmission efficiency of IoE data transmission. To deal with this issue, it has been proposed to perform data transmission via multipath cooperative transmission with multihop transmission. This approach aims to improve transmission latency, energy consumption, reliability, and throughput. This paper designs a channel-sensing-based cooperative transmission mechanism (CSCTM) with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) for user equipment (UE) aggregation mechanism in future asymmetric IoE scenarios, which ensures that IoE devices data can be transmitted quickly and reliably, and supports real-time data processing and analysis. The main contents of this proposed method include strategies of cooperative transmission and redundancy version (RV) determination, a joint combination of decoding process at the receiving side, and a design of transmission priority through ascending offset sort (AOS) algorithm based on channel sensing. In addition, multihop technology is designed for the multipath cooperative transmission strategy, which enables cooperative nodes (CN) to help UE to transmit data. As a result, it can be obtained that CSCTM provides significant advancements in latency and energy consumption for the whole system. It demonstrates improvements in enhanced coverage, improved reliability, and minimized latency.

Two-stage spatiotemporal cooperative reentry guidance strategy using transformer and improved beluga whale optimization

This research addresses the challenge of insufficient control margin caused by the coupling of multiple constraints in the cooperative precise reentry guidance of hypersonic vehicles. Drawing inspiration from the concept of spatiotemporal decoupling control, a rapid guidance strategy is developed to ensure precise handling of all constraints, including attack time, attack angle, and trajectory constraints. Initially, during the early phase of gliding flight, the adjustment of the heading angle is conceptualized as a single variable root-solving problem, in relation to the entrance width of the lateral azimuth error corridor. Subsequently, a lateral azimuth error corridor with adaptively narrowing entrance width, coupled with a Transformer network-based bank angle predictor, is incorporated to achieve precise fine-tuning of the heading angle under the soft constraint of velocity. In the later phase of gliding flight, the design of a cooperative guidance law under complex multiple constraints is transformed into a nonlinear rapid optimization problem of control commands. An enhanced beluga whale optimization suited to this guidance task is proposed. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy under both nominal and uncertain conditions.

Metabolic interdependencies in thermophilic communities are revealed using co-occurrence and complementarity networks

Microbial communities exhibit intricate interactions underpinned by metabolic dependencies. To elucidate these dependencies, we present a workflow utilizing random matrix theory on metagenome-assembled genomes to construct co-occurrence and metabolic complementarity networks. We apply this approach to a temperature gradient hot spring, unraveling the interplay between thermal stress and metabolic cooperation. Our analysis reveals an increase in the frequency of metabolic interactions with rising temperatures. Amino acids, coenzyme A derivatives, and carbohydrates emerge as key exchange metabolites, forming the foundation for syntrophic dependencies, in which commensalistic interactions take a greater proportion than mutualistic ones. These metabolic exchanges are most prevalent between phylogenetically distant species, especially archaea-bacteria collaborations, as a crucial adaptation to harsh environments. Furthermore, we identify a significant positive correlation between basal metabolite exchange and genome size disparity, potentially signifying a means for streamlined genomes to leverage cooperation with metabolically richer partners. This phenomenon is also confirmed by another composting system which has a similar wide range of temperature fluctuations. Our workflow provides a feasible way to decipher the metabolic complementarity mechanisms underlying microbial interactions, and our findings suggested environmental stress regulates the cooperative strategies of thermophiles, while these dependencies have been potentially hardwired into their genomes during co-evolutions.

Managerial Negotiation and Conflict Resolution on Banking Sector of Kathmandu Valley: Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling

Background: Conflict is an inevitable aspect of any organization, including the banking sector, where disagreements between parties, such as between superiors and subordinates, are common. Effective negotiation is often key to resolving these disputes, ensuring mutual satisfaction through discussion and compromise. Objective: This study aims to critically evaluate the negotiation strategies used by management in the commercial banking sector of Kathmandu Valley for conflict resolution. Method: A survey was conducted to gather data on negotiation strategies used by managers in the banking sector for conflict resolution. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling method, resulting in a total of 267 respondents, including managers and officers. The collected data were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to identify the preferred negotiation strategies and their effectiveness in conflict resolution. Result: The findings indicate that the majority of respondents, who are managers, prefer cooperative strategies in conflict situations, reflecting a high concern for others. The integration strategy was the most commonly used approach for negotiation, demonstrating a focus on maintaining positive relationships while resolving disputes. Conclusion: The study concludes that managers in the Kathmandu Valley banking sector prioritize maintaining good relationships during conflict resolution. This approach reflects a broader strategy of using negotiation to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. The study provides valuable insights into current practices and offers recommendations for enhancing conflict resolution strategies in Nepal’s commercial banking sector, contributing to smoother operations and greater employee and employer satisfaction. Paper Types: Research Paper Keywords: Negotiation, conflict resolution, structure equation modeling, integrative strategy, compromising strategy, avoiding strategy JEL Classification: F51, D74, G21, C1, C5

Characteristics of Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Artificial Soil Prepared Using Red Mud and Phosphogypsum.

The preparation of artificial soil is a potential cooperative resource utilization scheme for red mud and phosphogypsum on a large scale, with a low cost and simple operation. The characteristics of the bacterial community structure and function in three artificial soils were systematically studied for the first time. Relatively rich bacterial communities were formed in the artificial soils, with relatively high abundances of bacterial phyla (e.g., Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi) and bacterial genera (e.g., Microcoleus_PCC-7113, Rheinheimera, and Egicoccus), which can play key roles in various nutrient transformations, resistance to saline-alkali stress and pollutant toxicity, the enhancement of various soil enzyme activities, and the ecosystem construction of artificial soil. There were diverse bacterial functions (e.g., photoautotrophy, chemoheterotrophy, aromatic compound degradation, fermentation, nitrate reduction, cellulolysis, nitrogen fixation, etc.), indicating the possibility of various bacteria-dominated biochemical reactions in the artificial soil, which can significantly enrich the nutrient cycling and energy flow and enhance the fertility of the artificial soil and the activity of the soil life. The bacterial communities in the different artificial soils were generally correlated with major physicochemical factors (e.g., pH, OM, TN, AN, and AP), as well as enzyme activity factors (e.g., S-UE, S-SC, S-AKP, S-CAT, and S-AP), which comprehensively illustrates the complexity of the interaction between bacterial communities and environmental factors in artificial soils, and which may affect the succession direction of bacterial communities, the quality of the artificial soil environment, and the speed and direction of the development and maturity of the artificial soil. This study provides an important scientific basis for the synergistic soilization of two typical industrial solid wastes, red mud and phosphogypsum, specifically for the microbial mechanism, for the further evolution and development of artificial soil prepared using red mud and phosphogypsum.

Stereospecific supramolecular polymerization of nanoclusters into ultra-long helical chains and enantiomer separation

During the construction of supramolecular polymers of smaller nanoparticles/nanoclusters bearing hierarchy and homochirality, the mechanism understanding via intuitive visualization and precise cross-scale chirality modulation is still challenging. For this goal, a cooperative self-assembly strategy is here proposed by using ionic complexes with uniform chemical composition comprising polyanionic nanocluster cores and surrounded chiral cationic organic components as monomers for supramolecular polymerization. The single helical polymer chains bearing a core-shell structure at utmost length over 20 μm are demonstrated showing comparable flexibility resembling covalent polymers. A nucleation-elongation growth mechanism that is not dealt with in nanoparticle systems is confirmed to be accompanied by strict chiral self-sorting. A permeable membrane prepared by simple suction of such supramolecular polymers displays high enantioselectivity (e.e. 98% after four runs) for separating histidine derivatives, which discloses a benefiting helical chain structure-induced functionalization for macroscopic supramolecular materials in highly efficient racemate separation.

Synergistic effect of oxygen defects and calabash-like hollow carbon matrix enables VO2 as high-performance cathode for zinc ion battery

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) materials exhibit significant theoretical specific capacity, which is ascribed to multi-electron transfer reactions and unique tunneled structures. However, the low electronic conductivity and sluggish reaction kinetics of VO2 have impeded its further development. Hence, in this study, we employed a synergistic strategy of defect engineering and compositing with a calabash carbon matrix to reduce Zn2+ diffusion barriers and accelerate electron transfer. The VO2 cathode provided a high specific capacity at a low rate of 303 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 191 cycles, along with good rate performance (168 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1) and satisfactory long-term stability (170 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1100 cycles). The exhaustive structural analyses indicated that oxygen vacancies accelerated the Zn2+ diffusion rate, while a uniform calabash-like hollow carbon matrix improved electronic conductivity during cycling. Moreover, ex-situ measurements demonstrated that during discharge, the composite cathode transformed to layered Zn3+x(OH)2V2O7·2H2O, which then facilitated the subsequent intercalation of Zn2+. This cooperative strategy advances the practical application of aqueous zinc ion batteries by leveraging vanadium-based electrodes.

To what extent can prisoners dilemma in game theory be used in pricing strategy?

The title of this dissertation is to what extent can prisoners dilemma in game theory be used in pricing strategy? The purpose of the current study was to determine the extent of prisoner's dilemma used in pricing strategies, and how the prisoner's dilemma is used in pricing strategies. We first comprehensive analysis and evaluation of relevant literature about prisoners dilemma and common pricing strategies in literature review section. Then in discussion part, we use game theory models to describe and analyze the prisoner's dilemma in pricing strategies to predict various situations, make the optimal pricing strategies. In the dissertation, we found the effects of prisoners dilemma strategies on payoffs when pricing and explained why cooperative pricing agreements promote mutual benefits and long-term stability than non-cooperative pricing strategies. Then we analyzed the stability of cooperative pricing strategy, we also developed a pricing model based on Bayes theorem. Our research has important implications for economics, marketing and game theory. By applying prisoner's dilemma theory, firms can better understand the behavioral of competitors and enhance decision-making processes, optimize their pricing strategies, thereby enhancing market efficiency and profitability.

Blockchain-enabled cooperative spectrum sensing in 5G and B5G cognitive radio via massive multiple-input multiple-output nonorthogonal multiple access

One of the greatest ways to guarantee that networks designed for fifth generation (5G) and beyond reach the required levels of spectrum efficiency (SE) is through nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). This work presents two new blockchain-based techniques that take advantage of massive multiple input multiple output in a single-cell network to improve performance. NOMA power domain is used in the 5G cooperative cognitive radio network (CCRN) to improve the SE of the downlink. This study investigates a novel cooperative NOMA-based CCRN for underlay spectrum sharing. A cooperative NOMA technique is proposed by considering the access modes of relays and secondary users (SUs) on the secondary network. The proposed system's performance is assessed with respect to random channel characteristics, frequency-selective Rayleigh fading and perfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). The first signal decoded by SU identifies the relay states with the best channel quality between users and the destination users to offset the bit error rate. The throughput dropped during the period because of the perfect SIC. The precise closed-form expressions for the system throughput of the secondary network are derived under the interference constraint of the primary network to evaluate the efficacy of the suggested cooperative strategy. The suggested approaches are assessed under various conditions using the MATLAB application by considering varying transmit power levels, power location coefficients and lengths. In every case, four users are assumed to be using a 90 MHz bandwidth and M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation technology.

Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme: An Overview.

To address the challenges posed by the globalization of regulatory agencies, it is essential to harmonize regulatory requirements, assess Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance, license production facilities, manage product recalls, and improve information exchange. The Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S) provides a robust framework for tackling these global issues. Through the PIC/S GMP Forum, PIC/S facilitates informal interactions among non-member authorities, professionals, and various organizations with the Committee, fostering networking and collaboration. Furthermore, PIC/S has developed a comprehensive guide on GMP requirements for inspectorates and organizations, ensuring consistent standards across borders. The scheme collaborates with other organizations to enhance and complement collective efforts. With 56 countries involved in PIC/S, whether as members or through the Accession and Pre-Accession Process, the exchange of inspection reports among authorities verifies compliance with PIC/S standards, leading to fewer and more targeted inspections and reducing redundancy. This study's purpose is to establish uniform GMP standards by providing extensive training for inspectors and promoting collaboration and networking among regional and international bodies, regulatory authorities, and other relevant organizations. This approach seeks to build trust in inspections, optimize resource use, and foster a more efficient regulatory environment. Through these efforts, PIC/S continues to play a pivotal role in advancing global pharmaceutical regulatory practices.

Network power and firm innovation: the moderating roles of power distance and procedural justice

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence of network power on exploratory and exploitative innovation and examines the moderating effects of power distance and procedural justice on these untested relationships.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses survey data collected from firms in China and explores the influential mechanisms of network power, power distance and procedural justice in firm innovation.FindingsThis study empirically shows that network power has an inverted U-shaped effect on exploratory and exploitative innovation. Power distance weakens the effect of network power on exploratory and exploitative innovation, and procedural justice enhances the effect of network power on exploratory and exploitative innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThis study extends resource dependence theory and contributes to the literature on innovation management. Future studies should use different collection channels or research methods to provide more evidence for model promotion. In addition, the dynamic power game among network members and the roles of other mediators or moderators warrant further consideration.Practical implicationsManagers should exercise power strategies properly and ensure that their innovation income exceeds expenditures. Managers need to pay serious attention to power distance and procedural justice in the network and formulate suitable cooperation strategies based on actual conditions.Originality/valueThis study applies the resource dependence theory to investigate the influence of network power on exploratory and exploitative innovation. In addition, the moderating roles of power distance and procedural justice in the above relationships, which have rarely been discussed in previous studies, were tested.

Developing English Speaking Skills of 4th Year Students by Using the Cooperative Learning Strategy on Team-Pair-Solo Technique A Case Study of Faculty of Education, Souphanouvong University

The purposes of this study were to (1) study the effectiveness of using the cooperative learning strategy on team-pair-solo technique to enhance the students’ English speaking skills, and (2) to investigate the students’ satisfaction with the use of its teaching technique. The target groups consisted of 19 students from the fourth-year majoring in mathematics in the first semester, academic year 2020-2021 at Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education. The instruments used in this research consisted of 4 five-hour lesson plans, one students’ English speaking skills assessment form, one English speaking skills test, one observation check list, and one questionnaire about students’ satisfaction. The obtained data were analyzed to calculate means, standard deviation and t-test (dependent samples) by SPSS program, version 21.0. The findings were as follows: Overall, the students’ English speaking ability was significantly higher after learning with the use of cooperative learning strategy on team-pair-solo technique, at the 0.05 level, indicating that the teaching strategy was effective in enhancing students’ English-speaking skills, and generally, the students’ were satisfied with their improvement in English speaking through the use of cooperative learning strategy on team-pair-solo technique, which is viewed at a high level.

Peran Masyarakat Desa Rejosari dalam Mencegah Stunting pada Anak

Stunting is a long-term nutritional problem that severely affects children's physical growth and cognitive development. To address stunting, Rejosari Village has developed various community-based initiatives. The purpose of this study is to find out how the Rejosari Village community functions to prevent stunting in children by using cooperation and participation strategies. Socialization of stunting, nutrition counseling for pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers, routine monitoring of pregnant women's health, and provision of supplementary food for children under five are some of the programs in which the community is actively involved. Village health cadres also play an important role in supporting the implementation of these programs by providing direct instruction and guidance to residents. A qualitative case study was conducted to collect data through field observations and interviews. The results showed that community involvement not only increased awareness of the importance of preventing stunting but also increased active participation in maintaining the health and nutrition of children in Rejosari Village. The village experienced a decrease in stunting rates due to strong community participation, which was supported by the village government and non-governmental organizations. The results suggest that the community-based intervention model used in Rejosari Village can be adapted and applied in other villages facing similar problems in preventing stunting.

Hybrid reward-punishment in feedback-evolving game for common resource governance.

How to maintain the sustainability of common resources is a persistent challenge, as overexploiters often undermine collective efforts by prioritizing personal gain. To mitigate the overexploitation of resources by violators, previous theoretical studies have revealed that the introduction of additional incentives, whether to reward rule-abiding cooperators or to punish those who overexploit, can be beneficial for the sustainability of common resources when the resource growth rate is not particularly low. However, these studies have typically considered rewarding and punishing in isolation, thus overlooking the role of their combination in common resource governance. Here, we introduce a hybrid incentive strategy based on reward and punishment within a feedback-evolving game, in which there is a complex interaction between human decision making and resource quantity. Our coevolutionary dynamics reveal that resources will be depleted entirely, even with cooperative strategies for prudent exploitation, when resource growth is slow. When the rate of resource growth is not particularly low, we find that the coupled system can generate a state where resource sustainability and cooperation can be maintained. Furthermore, when the rate of resource growth is moderate, we find that achieving this state cannot simply allocate all incentive budgets to reward. In addition, the increase in per capita incentives significantly promotes the stability of this state.

Ambient Backscatter-Based User Cooperation for mmWave Wireless-Powered Communication Networks with Lens Antenna Arrays

With the rapid consumer adoption of mobile devices such as tablets and smart phones, tele-traffic has experienced a tremendous growth, making low-power technologies highly desirable for future communication networks. In this paper, we consider an ambient backscatter (AB)-based user cooperation (UC) scheme for mmWave wireless-powered communication networks (WPCNs) with lens antenna arrays. Firstly, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the minimum rate of two users by jointly designing power and time allocation. Then, we introduce auxiliary variables and transform the original problem into a convex form. Finally, we propose an efficient algorithm to solve the transformed problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed AB-based UC scheme outperforms the competing schemes, thus improving the fairness performance of throughput in WPCNs.

A Cooperative Optimization Model for Variable Approach Lanes at Signaled Intersections Based on Real-Time Flow.

To resolve the congestion caused by imbalanced traffic at intersections, this paper establishes a model of the average delay deviation with the minimization of the average delay in the approach as the optimization objective. Then, the signal control scheme is further optimized based on the variable approach lanes setting. First, we investigate the threshold conditions for setting the VALs under different flows in a single approach direction. The results show that when the ratio of left-turn traffic exceeds the threshold range of 0.20~0.28, the function of the VALs needs to be changed from straight to left-turn. Then, based on the improved Webster's formula, an optimal timing method that aims at minimizing the average vehicle delay, minimizing the queue length, and maximizing the capacity, is proposed. Finally, taking the actual Huangke intersection in the Hefei demonstration area as an example, three schemes are compared and analyzed in the case of a VAL at the intersection. The results show that under the cooperative optimization scheme proposed in this paper, the travel time and the efficiency of the intersection could be reduced by 18.7% and 9.9%, respectively, when compared with the original and Webster's schemes.

A study on the spatial correlation network structure and its influencing factors of coupling coordination between FDI flow network and carbon transfer network in the belt and road initiative countries

Clarifying the spatial correlation characteristics and influencing factors of coupling coordination between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flow networks and carbon transfer networks in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative is of utmost importance for the formulation of regional carbon governance strategies and the establishment of a high-quality Green Silk Road. This study used a comprehensive approach combining social network analysis and coupling coordination model to measure the coupling coordination degree of FDI flow networks and carbon transfer networks of 67 Belt and Road countries from 2010 to 2016. In addition, a modified gravity model is used to characterize the spatial correlation network structure of coupling coordination between the two networks, and the QAP regression analysis method is applied to investigate the factors influencing the spatial association network. The results are as follows: 1) The spatial correlation network of coupling coordination between the two networks has good accessibility and relatively high overall network stability. 2) Countries such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates occupy central positions in the network, while Bahrain and Jordan are positioned on the periphery of the network. 3) The spatial correlation network can be divided into three sectors: net outflow, net inflow, and bidirectional overflow sectors. 4) Spatial adjacency, bilateral investment treaties, economic development, and institutional quality have significant positive effects on the spatial association network, while the industrial structure and the level of infrastructure development have a significant negative impact. This study proposes an indicator system for the coupling coordination between FDI flow networks and carbon transfer networks. The aim is to investigate the coupling coordination relationship between FDI flow networks and carbon emission transfer networks in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, providing important guidance for the formulation of regional cooperative carbon emission reduction strategies in other regions.

Multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection for reactive follower jamming in ISAC

AbstractAccurate jamming detection is a prerequisite and important support for efficient anti‐jamming communication in integrated sensing and communications. In recent years, the reactive follower jamming, characterized by the high jamming efficiency and the difficulty of detection, is seen as the main opponent for frequency hopping spread spectrum communication, which poses a threat to the reliability of wireless communication. Based on the background, a multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection scheme is proposed for accurately detecting the reactive follower jamming. Specifically, the secondary nodes send the average energy of the suspected attacked symbols to the primary user as the uplink data in each detection period, and then the detection result is provided by the detection threshold. The optimal detection threshold is derived for the primary user according to the uplink data and channel conditions. In addition, the theoretical probability of detection under the optimal threshold is derived, and the complexity of the scheme is analysed. Simulation results show that the proposed multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection scheme for reactive follower jamming can effectively improve the probability of detection.