Cooking Oil Research Articles

Waste cooking oil into sustainable and lucrative bio-diesels and their blend with diesel

The necessity to find an alternate fuel has arisen due to the rapid spike in cost of crude oil. In terms of economics, the alternative fuel should be more appealing than fossil fuels. Vegetable oils are used to make costly yet environmentally beneficial biodiesels. Utilizing leftover cooking oil to produce biodiesel is less expensive than using virgin oil. The bio-diesel have prepared from Waste cooking oil (WCO), collected from GITAM University hostel mess. This reaction has accelerated by the base catalysed the transesterification reaction with using ethanol. 1HNMR and IR spectrum analyses were used to describe the biodiesel that was produced. Numerous physico-chemical characteristics of biodiesels and their mixes with petroleum diesel were examined. The results of the investigation indicate that the blends from B10 to B40 have high flash points, lower pour points, and kinematic viscosity in the range of 2 to 5 cSt at 40 oC.

Tracking trash to treasure: in situ monitoring of single microbial cell oil biosynthesis from waste cooking oil using Raman spectroscopy and imaging.

Waste cooking oil is a major pollutant that contaminates terrestrial and aquatic bodies which is generated from household kitchens and eateries. The bioremediation of waste cooking oil (WCO) into microbial oil, also known as single microbial cell oil (SMCO), can be accomplished by oleaginous microbes. Conventional methods excel in SMCO analysis but lack efficacy for in situ or lysis-free monitoring of nascent SMCO synthesis and turnover. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study shows the applicability of Raman reverse stable isotope probing (RrSIP) in monitoring time-dependent nascent SMCO synthesis and assimilation in Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast grown in hydrophilic (glucose) as well as hydrophobic carbon sources (cooking oil and waste cooking oil). This study also combines the RrSIP approach with Raman imaging for temporal visualization of the distribution and turnover dynamics of the SMCO pool in a single cell. Our finding provides a unique perspective utilizing optical spectroscopy methods for lysis-free SMCO analysis and holds potential for prospective utility as an adjunct tool in bioprocess and biofuel industries.

Lipase Production from Aspergillus niger Used as a Biocatalyst for Transformation of Used Cooking Oil into Biodiesel

Lipase Production from Aspergillus niger Used as a Biocatalyst for Transformation of Used Cooking Oil into Biodiesel

Efficient biodiesel production from recycled cooking oil using a NaOH/CoFe2O4 magnetic nano-catalyst: synthesis, characterization, and process enhancement for sustainability

This research introduces an environmentally sustainable approach to biodiesel production, utilizing waste cooking oil (WCO) as a renewable feedstock. The focal point of this study is the synthesis and characterization of NaOH/CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles, employed as an efficient catalyst for the transesterification reaction between WCO and methanol. Comprehensive analysis, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, magnetometry, temperature-programmed carbon dioxide and ammonia desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals nanoparticles with remarkable catalytic properties. The transesterification process catalyzed by NaOH/CoFe2O4 yields biodiesel at an impressive rate of 98.71%, complying with ASTM standards. Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluations elucidate reaction mechanisms, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide insights into the catalytic process. The magnetic catalyst's reusability enhances sustainability, making it a promising solution for large-scale biodiesel production, and lays the foundation for future catalyst optimization.

Optimizing Biodiesel Production from Hazelnut kernel oil and waste cooking oil with CaO catalyst Using RSM Approach

This study focused on optimizing biodiesel (BD) production from the hazelnut kernel oil and waste cooking oil using Box Behnken Design in Response Surface Methodology (RSM- BBD). The process was improved by employing CaO as a catalyst, with four variables including reaction temperature (50 to 70 °C), CaO catalyst concentration (2 to 6 wt%), stirring speed (300 to 500 rpm), and methanol-to-oil molar ratio (5:1 to 15:1). Through RSM-BBD, the optimal conditions for achieving maximum biodiesel yield were found to be a temperature of 50 °C, catalyst of 2 wt%, stirring speed of 500 rpm, and a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 10:1. These conditions caused in a biodiesel yield of 94.85%. The findings established that biodiesel derived from hazelnut kernel oil and the waste cooking oil not only presented a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels but also chances ASTM and EN biodiesel standards, making it suitable for industrial production.

Green Catalysts for Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

Biodiesel manufacturing from waste cooking oil has emerged as a potential alternative in the search of sustainable energy. This process helps mitigate environmental pollution and reduces reliance on fossil fuels. This research examines the catalytic efficiency of environmentally friendly catalysts in this process, with a specific emphasis on catalysts based on enzymes. It assesses their effectiveness in terms of the production of biodiesel, the rate of the chemical reactions, cost efficiency, and their influence on the environment. Experimental evidence demonstrates that enzyme-based catalysts have enhanced catalytic activity, leading to an average biodiesel production of 90%, outperforming traditional catalysts such as solid acids, bases, and heterogeneous metal catalysts. Moreover, enzyme catalysts exhibit enhanced reaction rates due to their unique enzymatic activity and gentle reaction conditions. The cost study shows that the manufacturing costs for enzyme catalysts are competitive, with an average total cost of $800, which is equivalent to traditional catalysts. Environmental impact evaluation emphasizes the sustainability of enzyme catalysts by demonstrating their lower energy consumption, waste production, and greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional alternatives. The results highlight the capacity of green catalysts, namely enzyme-based catalysts, to enhance sustainable biodiesel production methods, hence promoting a more eco-friendly and robust energy framework.

Recycled activated carbon from plastic waste for effective oil removal from produced water

Recycled activated carbon (RAC) resultant from plastic waste was investigated as an adsorbent for removing cooking oil from contaminated water. RAC was prepared by pyrolysis and steam-activating plastic waste to develop porosity. SEM, TRM and BET analyses were used to describe RAC. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to optimize parameters like pH, dose, time, and concentration. Maximum oil removal of 97.5% occurred with 150 mg RAC dose at pH 5 and 25 °C. Kinetic data fitted pseudo-second-order (R2 =0.998) and Elovich models, indicating chemisorption. After 150 min, a state of equilibrium had been achieved with a 277.08 mg g-1 uptake. The adsorption fitted Sips (Langmuir and Freundlich models) isotherms well, indicating monolayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Thermodynamic parameters showed endothermic spontaneous adsorption. RAC exhibited excellent reusability, retaining > 90% oil removal efficiency after 6 adsorption-desorption cycles using ethanol mix water (30% ethanol and 70% water) for regeneration which indicates the economic reusability of RAC. RAC from plastic waste demonstrated a high potential for removing cooking oil from contaminated water.

Application of waste derived magnetic acid-base bifunctional CoFe/biochar/CaO as an efficient catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

The loss of active components, weak acid resistance, and low recover efficiency of common Ca-based catalysts limited its further development and application. In this study, to effectively produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO), a green and recyclable magnetic acid-base bifunctional CoFe/biochar/CaO catalyst was prepared from sargassum and river snail shell waste via hydrothermal method. The catalysts' structure and properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), CO2/NH3 temperature programmed desorption (CO2/NH3 TPD), etc., The prepared catalyst mainly consisted of the carbon skeleton, CoFe alloy, and CaO. CoFe alloy provided catalyst's ferromagnetism for magnetic separation as well as acid sites for transesterification of WCO. Ca and other metal species with nanoscale (∼5.64 nm) were dispersively anchored on sargassum biochar surface, thereby leading to good catalytic activity (99.21% biodiesel yield) and stability (91.70% biodiesel yield after the 5th cycle). In addition, response surface methodology-Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD) revealed the optimal operational conditions were 16:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 3 wt% catalyst dosage, 73 °C for 157 min. The maximum biodiesel yield predicted value was 98.29% and the experimental value was 99.21%, indicating good satisfaction of the established model. Moreover, the quality of WCO biodiesel met the ASTM D6751 standards. This study benefits magnetic waste-derived acid-base bifunctional catalysts for the disposal of WCO towards sustainable biodiesel production.

Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Waste Cooking Oil with a Low-Cost Carbonaceous Catalyst Using Central Composite Design of Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Waste Cooking Oil with a Low-Cost Carbonaceous Catalyst Using Central Composite Design of Response Surface Methodology

Evaluation of Trace Metals and Quality of Selected Brands of Vegetable Cooking Oils Available on the Ghanaian Market

Evaluation of Trace Metals and Quality of Selected Brands of Vegetable Cooking Oils Available on the Ghanaian Market

Environmental Effects of Biodiesel Engines Fuelled by Waste Cooking Oil and Metal Nano Additives

Environmental Effects of Biodiesel Engines Fuelled by Waste Cooking Oil and Metal Nano Additives

Utilization of iron fillings solid waste for optimum biodiesel production.

This study explores the innovative application of iron filings solid waste, a byproduct from mechanical workshops, as a heterogeneous catalyst in the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Focusing on sustainability and waste valorization, the research presents a dual-benefit approach: addressing the environmental issue of solid waste disposal while contributing to the renewable energy sector. Particle size distribution analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and FTIR analysis were used to characterize the iron filings. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to guide a series of experiments that were conducted to identify the optimum transesterification settings. Important factors that greatly affect the production of biodiesel are identified by the study, including catalyst loading, reaction time, methanol-to-oil ratio, reaction temperature, and stirring rate. The catalyst proved to be successful as evidenced by the 96.4% biodiesel conversion efficiency attained under ideal conditions. The iron filings catalyst's reusability was evaluated, demonstrating its potential for numerous applications without noticeably decreasing activity. This work offers a road towards more environmentally friendly and sustainable chemical processes in energy production by making a strong argument for using industrial solid waste as a catalyst in the biodiesel manufacturing process.

Optical investigation of low temperature combustion and soot emission characteristics of biodiesel/n-pentanol engine

Biodiesel/n-pentanol blend fuels have been regarded as the attractive alternatives for the utilization of diesel engines. However, the fundamental studies of low temperature combustion and soot formation characteristics of biodiesel/n-pentanol blend fuels in diesel engines are still scarce. The low temperature combustion and soot emission characteristics of pure waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel (B100) and 70% WCO biodiesel/30% n-pentanol blend (B70P30) were experimentally studied in an optical engine in the present study. Results reveal that B70P30 has longer ignition delays than B100 at low exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate, but the ignition delays of B70P30 become similar or even shorter when the EGR rate is over 12%. Adding n-pentanol into biodiesel increases the in-cylinder combustion pressure peak and maximum pressure rise rate. In addition, the delay in the appearance of ignition kernels and two-color images are observed for B70P30 fuel. In the initial stage of fuel combustion, B70P30 has less ignition kernels and lower soot KL factor distribution area. In the middle and late stages of combustion, flame area of B70P30 is small and flame brightness is weaker. Also, at the end of combustion, the two-color images of B70P30 show that the soot KL factor distribution around the periphery of the chamber is decreasing at a higher rate compare to B100.

Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Waste Cooking Oil with a Low-Cost Carbonaceous Catalyst Using Central Composite Design of Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of Catalytic Pyrolysis Process of Waste Cooking Oil with a Low-Cost Carbonaceous Catalyst Using Central Composite Design of Response Surface Methodology

Current advances and future outlook of heterogeneous catalytic transesterification towards biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

The demonstration of disposal and utilisation of waste cooking oil as potential feedstock towards biodiesel synthesis by catalytic heterogeneous transesterification.

Microwave-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil using zinc ferrite catalyst for biodiesel production

Microwave-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil using zinc ferrite catalyst for biodiesel production

Renewable Compatibilizing Agent for Silica Reinforced Natural Rubber

The main problem in utilizing silica as an alternative reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR) compounds is a weak rubber-filler interaction and poor filler distribution due to their incompatibility feature. The particles of silica have a strong tendency to filler interactions which leads to form silica agglomeration. To solve this drawback, this work has utilized ethanolamine-modified palm stearin (EMPS) as a renewable compatibilizer agent to improve NR-silica compatibility. The EMPS was prepared by a typical chemical reaction between ethanolamine and refined bleach-deodorized palm stearin (a byproduct of cooking oil production) on a laboratory scale. The influence of the EMPS on the improvement of rubber-filler interaction was investigated by studying the processing characteristics and the tensile properties of silica-reinforced NR compound (silica content was fixed at 30 phr). Compared to the silica-reinforced NR with no EMPS, it was found that EMPS caused a greater coefficient of vulcanization, tensile strength, and reinforcement effect for the silica-reinforced NR. It was due to an active reaction between silanol groups of silica with EMPS which increased the NR-silica compatibility, and the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis has confirmed the typical reaction.

Renewable aromatic hydrocarbons from waste cooking oil over hierarchical imidazole supported zeolites

UCO was converted to bio-aromatics over a Zn–Cr-based imidazole-supported zeolite catalyst.

Oxygenated bio-fuel synthesis in reactive distillation: A technological reform under process intensification

Chemical Engineering processes demands separation of reaction products to obtain them in purest form. Reactive Distillation facilitates this feature by incorporating a reactive zone for reaction between conventional rectifying and stripping zone for distillation. It also aid for solid catalyst incorporation of amphoteric nature to avoid repetitive addition of catalyst for different experimental run and will also improve the product yield. The other beneficial features of Reactive Distillation include reduced synthesis cost, reduced utility space required and higher selectivity. This technique is introduced in this paper for synthesis of oxygenated bio-fuel. For this, fuel additive of ether family namely Tert Amyl Ethyl Ether (TAEE) is synthesized using ethanol. Similarly, Biodiesel synthesis is done using transesterification of waste cooking oil with methanol. Both fuel-oxygenate (TAEE) and biodiesel are then blended in varying proportion to improve ignition quality of biodiesel fuel. The study is done experimentally and analyzed under object oriented modeling mode in simulation. Optimization of synthesis process is done using revamping in experimental mode corresponding to sensitivity analysis in simulation. The congruence results show that purity of 95 % and 65 % for biodiesel and TAEE respectively is obtained in reactive distillation corresponding to reboiler duty of 2 kW and reflux ratio 4.

Assessing recycled asphalt pavement: Impact of waste cooking oil and waste engine oil as rejuvenators on mechanical properties

Sustainable pavement construction is an extensively researched subject within the field of pavement engineering. Due to its environmental and commercial advantages, the construction of pavements utilizing recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is progressively gaining popularity worldwide. Owing to the aging process, binder extracted from RAP is inherently harder than virgin binder and requires rejuvenation for application in high RAP blends. This paper investigates the performance characteristics of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) and Waste Engine Oil (WEO) as rejuvenators in RAP-incorporated asphalt mixtures to assess their suitability for pavement use. The optimal rejuvenator content is determined based on the performance of physical properties. The study indicates that asphalt mixes rejuvenated with Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) demonstrate higher Marshall Stability values compared to mixes rejuvenated with Waste Engine Oil (WEO) at both 30% and 60% Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) levels. Additionally, mixes incorporating WCO exhibit increased flow values. Furthermore, WCO outperforms WEO in Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) at 30% RAP, with a slight decrease at 60% RAP. Results from Marshall and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) tests suggest that both WEO and WCO are effective rejuvenators, playing a critical role in aligning the properties of RAP-inclusive asphalt mixes with those of virgin mixes.