Conventional Language Research Articles

Forgotten pioneers in degrowth: John Africa and the MOVE Organization

Decades before the term 'degrowth' had gained currency as a rallying cry against the ideology of economic expansionism, John Africa founded The MOVE Organization in Philadelphia based on sanctity of life and dismantling institutions of state and capital (including economic growth). Members eschewed many forms of technology, lived collectively, harbored stray animals, and strove toward an entirely raw food diet in a communal lifestyle that many today would label 'simple living' or 'primivitist.' They rejected fashion and cosmetics, demonstrated for animal liberation as well as against police brutality, militarism, prisons, and pollution of land, water, and air. Notably, John Africa and MOVE emphasized the need to maintain sobriety and break with personal addictions in order to achieve personal and societal balance. Yet, rather than a set of 'single issues' strung together, John Africa formulated an all-encompassing paradigm. This article presents John Africa's paradigm as well as his grassroots decolonial semiotics that critically deconstructed, qualified, repurposed, and reframed conventional English language terms toward emancipatory and radically egalitarian ends. This paradigm, based on 'Mother Nature' and oneness, aligned with (without overtly borrowing from) many Indigenous and Aboriginal paradigms that similarly locate human life as interwoven with habitats and nonhuman animals. Whether or not one agrees with his ideas or approach, John Africa and the organization he co-founded seem to clearly qualify as early pioneers of degrowth. This article brings their hitherto unrecognized contributions into conversation with degrowth literature both to fill out the historical record and provide potentially useful insights for degrowth researchers and organizers alike.

“He Used to Be A Late Talker”: Parents’ Narration Of A Five-Year-Old Child Named Hasan

This narrative inquiry is based on the lived experiences of parents who have a speech delayed child. A child with a language delay must go through in order to appropriately have strong competence in the language learning process. The data were derived from parents’ stories, a speech therapy progress book, medical records, and video recordings of classroom activities. Findings were focused on the thorough process a research subject has undergone to finally survive in catching up his lag of language development compared to the mainstream children of his age. After four years of intensive labor requiring parental involvement and three years of programmed therapy, the research subject achieves improvement milestones that enable him to catch up to conventional children's language development, which he should have completed. More research into the deployment of other linguistic aspects is needed to provide a clear picture of the development of his language learning.

Investigating Word Order Emergence: Constraints From Cognition and Communication.

How do cognitive biases and mechanisms from learning and use interact when a system of language conventions emerges? We investigate this question by focusing on how transitive events are conveyed in silent gesture production and interaction. Silent gesture experiments (in which participants improvise to use gesture but no speech) have been used to investigate cognitive biases that shape utterances produced in the absence of a conventional language system. In this mode of communication, participants do not follow the dominant order of their native language (e.g., Subject-Verb-Object), and instead condition the structure on the semantic properties of the events they are conveying. An important source of variability in structure in silent gesture is the property of reversibility. Reversible events typically have two animate participants whose roles can be reversed (girl kicks boy). Without a syntactic/conventional means of conveying who does what to whom, there is inherent unclarity about the agent and patient roles in the event (by contrast, this is less pressing for non-reversible events like girl kicks ball). In experiment 1 we test a novel, fine-grained analysis of reversibility. Presenting a silent gesture production experiment, we show that the variability in word order depends on two factors (properties of the verb and properties of the direct object) that together determine how reversible an event is. We relate our experimental results to principles from information theory, showing that our data support the “noisy channel” account of constituent order. In experiment 2, we focus on the influence of interaction on word order variability for reversible and non-reversible events. We show that when participants use silent gesture for communicative interaction, they become more consistent in their usage of word order over time, however, this pattern less pronounced for events that are classified as strongly non-reversible. We conclude that full consistency in word order is theoretically a good strategy, but word order use in practice is a more complex phenomenon.

Using the New Mathematical Method to Find the Third Fundamental Form of Surface

The Third Fundamental Form of Surface which consider simple form is a differential geometry through which it is possible to know the measurement of surface symbolize it III.The third fundamental form is the intrinsic Property of surface. The program MATLAB is on of the most famous Mathematical program helps us to verify the validity of any calculation performed manually The main MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. MATLAB has advantages compared to conventional computer language for solving technical Problems. This study aims to find the Third Fundamental Form of Surface using the new mathematical method. We followed the applied mathematical method using the new mathematical method and we found the following some results: To find the Third Fundamental Form of Surface we must be calculated the First and Second Natural Curvature. Solving the Third Fundamental Form of Surface using the new mathematical method is more accurate and fast but we cant find the solution graph

Arduino Uno Based Voice Conversion System for Dumb People

Around nine million individuals are dumb at intervals of the planet's unit of measurement. Communication between a deaf and a hearing person has a significant disadvantage as compared to communication between blind and elderly visual individuals. A dumb communication translator is a gadget that translates hand motions to sensible speech. This job provides assistance to persons who are deaf and dumb. The main goal of this research is to connect them to the actual world via a sophisticated methodology. It is based on Human Computer Interaction, in which the patient is connected to the outside world by translating their sign language into conventional language. In this work, Arduino Uno, MP3, and speaker module has been used. Some button has been used for generating the voice signal at the output.

IMPACT OF CRITICAL THINKING INSTRUCTION THROUGH FLIPPED TEACHING ON IRANIAN EFL LEARNERS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION

The present study investigated the effects of critical thinking instructions through a flipped teaching method on English Language learners’ listening comprehension. The sample consisted of 80 Iranian intermediate English language learners that were divided into two experimental and two control groups. The two experimental groups that experienced flipped classrooms were given listening materials before the start of the class. Then cooperative learning took place in a face-to-face learning environment. The two control groups were taught in conventional language classrooms. Besides, one class from each group received instructions during the treatment phase on critical thinking. The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) was used to collect listening comprehension data on pretest and posttest. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used to run statistical analysis and t-tests on the data. The results of the study revealed that the flipped approach was more effective when language learners were given instructions on critical thinking. Language teachers can benefit from critical thinking instruction in flipped teaching to enhance the learners’ listening comprehension ability by activating higher-order mental capacities such as critical thinking.

Model-driven management of BPMN-based business process families

Business processes can have variants depending on specific business requirements, which lead to the definition of a so-called business process family. Since conventional business process modeling languages, e.g., the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), do not explicitly support variants’ specification, several proposals have emerged to deal with it. However, they mainly focus on languages’ definition, while less emphasis is made on providing complete variability management. This article presents a Model-Driven Engineering approach for managing BPMN-based business process families composed of a metamodel for conceptualizing process families, a high-level process for managing them (involving model transformations for the configuration of variants), and tool support for the complete approach. We validated the proposal using a real-world example from a university and an empirical study with real users. Users rated the support tool’s principal functional suitability and usability features as very good. Many improvement opportunities were detected, e.g., version control, collaborative work, and error reporting. We also provide a literature review and thorough evaluation of BPMN-based business process families’ proposals using the VIVACE framework.

Efficient Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Control Techniques for Power Electronics Teaching

Power electronics is a core subject in electrical and electronics engineering at the undergraduate level. The rapid growth in the field of power electronics requires necessary changes in the curricula and practica for power electronics. The proposed next-generation power electronics teaching laboratory changes the learning paradigm for this subject and is for the first time used for teaching purposes in Pakistan. The proposed controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) laboratory enabled students to design, control, and test power converters without the fear of component failure. CHIL setup allowed students to directly validate the physical controller without the need for any real power converter. This allowed students to obtain more repeatable results and perform extreme digital controller testing of power converters that are otherwise not possible on real hardware. Furthermore, students could start learning power electronics concepts with hardware from the beginning on a safe, versatile, fully interactive, and reconfigurable platform. The proposed laboratory meets the accreditation board for engineering and technology (ABET) student outcome criterion K such that students can continue with the same hardware and software toolset for graduate and research purposes. The knowledge and skills acquired during undergraduate years can help students create new solutions for power electronics systems and develop their expertise in the field of power electronics. The results obtained from the survey indicated that the majority of the students were satisfied with the laboratory setup. They also expressed appreciation over the provision of a high-level graphical language “LabVIEW” for the digital controllers compared to conventional low-level text-based languages such as VHDL, Verilog, C, or C++.

Difficulty and pleasure in the comprehension of verb-based metaphor sentences: A behavioral study.

What is difficult is not usually pleasurable. Yet, for certain unfamiliar figurative language, like that which is common in poetry, while comprehension is often more difficult than for more conventional language, it is in many cases more pleasurable. Concentrating our investigation on verb-based metaphors, we examined whether and to what degree the novel variations (in the form of verb changes and extensions) of conventional verb metaphors were both more difficult to comprehend and yet induced more pleasure. To test this relationship, we developed a set of 62 familiar metaphor stimuli, each with corresponding optimal and excessive verb variation and metaphor extension conditions, and normed these stimuli using both objective measures and participant subjective ratings. We then tested the pleasure-difficulty relationship with an online behavioral study. Based on Rachel Giora and her colleagues' 'optimal innovation hypothesis', we anticipated an inverse U-shaped relationship between ease and pleasure, with an optimal degree of difficulty, introduced by metaphor variations, producing the highest degree of pleasure when compared to familiar or excessive conditions. Results, however, revealed a more complex picture, with only metaphor extension conditions (not verb variation conditions) producing the anticipated pleasure effects. Individual differences in semantic cognition and verbal reasoning assessed using the Semantic Similarities Test, while clearly influential, further complicated the pleasure-difficulty relationship, suggesting an important avenue for further investigation.

Speech Acts in English Translation of Quran Surah Al-Fatihah and Surah Al-A’laa By Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Background: Language is important for people in communication. Starting the communication, people have to understand what the speaker is saying and what is being said. In this case, the speech act theory of learning is important to overcome this problem. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the types of acts used in the translation of Abdullah Yusuf Ali's surah al-fatihah and al-alaa through reading and then describe the speech acts based on the type and classification of functions in the text. translation of surah al fatihah and surah. al-alaa by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Methods: This study uses qualitative methods and Austin theory to determine the types of speech acts, the meaning of speech acts, and the function of speech acts in the translation of Al-Quran Surah Al-Fatihah and Surat Al-A'laa. , and the data collected is in the form of words instead of numbers. This study uses document sources to find research sources. speech act with Austin theory. The data source is by looking at several books and translations of the Koran by Abdullah Yusuf Ali as objects containing linguistic phenomena, especially aspects of speech acts. This research was conducted in 3 ways: interview, observation, and document analysis or artifact analysis. Results: Speech act is an activity in which participants interact with conventional language to achieve a result that involves two parties, namely the speaker and the speech partner in one main speech, in time, place, and speech situation. Conslusion: This study identifies 7 verses in Surah al-Fatihah and 19 verses in Surat Al-Alaa in Abdullah Yusuf Ali's translation of the Koran, in Surah Al-Fatihah there are 7 types of locutions, 18 illocutions with 6 functions. assertive, 4 directive, 1 commissive, 3 expressive, 5 declarative, and 7 perlocutionary sentences. Surah Al-Alaa contains 19 types of locutions, 31 illocutions with 8 assertive functions, 6 directives, 3 commissives, 1 expressive, 13 declarative sentences, and 19 perlocutionary sentences.

Speech Acts in English Translation of Quran Surah Al-Fatihah and Surah Al-A’laa By Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Background: Language is important for people in communication. Starting the communication, people have to understand what the speaker is saying and what is being said. In this case, the speech act theory of learning is important to overcome this problem. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the types of acts used in the translation of Abdullah Yusuf Ali's surah al-fatihah and al-alaa through reading and then describe the speech acts based on the type and classification of functions in the text. translation of surah al fatihah and surah. al-alaa by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Methods: This study uses qualitative methods and Austin theory to determine the types of speech acts, the meaning of speech acts, and the function of speech acts in the translation of Al-Quran Surah Al-Fatihah and Surat Al-A'laa. , and the data collected is in the form of words instead of numbers. This study uses document sources to find research sources. speech act with Austin theory. The data source is by looking at several books and translations of the Koran by Abdullah Yusuf Ali as objects containing linguistic phenomena, especially aspects of speech acts. This research was conducted in 3 ways: interview, observation, and document analysis or artifact analysis. Results: Speech act is an activity in which participants interact with conventional language to achieve a result that involves two parties, namely the speaker and the speech partner in one main speech, in time, place, and speech situation. Conslusion: This study identifies 7 verses in Surah al-Fatihah and 19 verses in Surat Al-Alaa in Abdullah Yusuf Ali's translation of the Koran, in Surah Al-Fatihah there are 7 types of locutions, 18 illocutions with 6 functions. assertive, 4 directive, 1 commissive, 3 expressive, 5 declarative, and 7 perlocutionary sentences. Surah Al-Alaa contains 19 types of locutions, 31 illocutions with 8 assertive functions, 6 directives, 3 commissives, 1 expressive, 13 declarative sentences, and 19 perlocutionary sentences.

Aphasia recovery by language training using a brain-computer interface: a proof-of-concept study.

Aphasia, the impairment to understand or produce language, is a frequent disorder after stroke with devastating effects. Conventional speech and language therapy include each formal intervention for improving language and communication abilities. In the chronic stage after stroke, it is effective compared with no treatment, but its effect size is small. We present a new language training approach for the rehabilitation of patients with aphasia based on a brain–computer interface system. The approach exploits its capacity to provide feedback time-locked to a brain state. Thus, it implements the idea that reinforcing an appropriate language processing strategy may induce beneficial brain plasticity. In our approach, patients perform a simple auditory target word detection task whilst their EEG was recorded. The constant decoding of these signals by machine learning models generates an individual and immediate brain-state-dependent feedback. It indicates to patients how well they accomplish the task during a training session, even if they are unable to speak. Results obtained from a proof-of-concept study with 10 stroke patients with mild to severe chronic aphasia (age range: 38–76 years) are remarkable. First, we found that the high-intensity training (30 h, 4 days per week) was feasible, despite a high-word presentation speed and unfavourable stroke-induced EEG signal characteristics. Second, the training induced a sustained recovery of aphasia, which generalized to multiple language aspects beyond the trained task. Specifically, all tested language assessments (Aachen Aphasia Test, Snodgrass & Vanderwart, Communicative Activity Log) showed significant medium to large improvements between pre- and post-training, with a standardized mean difference of 0.63 obtained for the Aachen Aphasia Test, and five patients categorized as non-aphasic at post-training assessment. Third, our data show that these language improvements were accompanied neither by significant changes in attention skills nor non-linguistic skills. Investigating possible modes of action of this brain–computer interface-based language training, neuroimaging data (EEG and resting-state functional MRI) indicates a training-induced faster word processing, a strengthened language network and a rebalancing between the language- and default mode networks.

ON THE LOW SPEED LIMITS OF LORENTZ'S TRANSFORMATION - HOW RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS RETAIN OR VANISH IN ELECTROMAGNETISM

This article contains a digest of the theory of electromagnetism and a review of the transformation between inertial frames, especially under low speed limits. The covariant nature of the Maxwell's equations is explained using the conventional language. We show that even under low speed limits, the relativistic effects should not be neglected to get a self-consistent theory of the electromagnetic fields, unless the intrinsic dynamics of these fields has been omitted completely. The quasi-static limits, where the relativistic effects can be partly neglected are also reviewed, to clarify some common misunderstandings and imprecise use of the theory in presence of moving media and other related situations. The discussion presented in this paper provide a clear view of why classical electromagnetic theory is relativistic in its essence.

Сulture of foreign language professional communication of future engineers

The formation of the culture of foreign language professional communication among future engineers determines the mastery of professional and cultural aspects of communication, which also includes communicative attitudes, knowledge of methods, mechanisms, forms and methods of communication and the ability to apply knowledge in a given situation, taking into account the specifics of intercultural communication. The content of professional communication of engineering specialists is reduced, firstly, to the formation of professional communication skills and abilities, written language literacy, which is important in business correspondence, secondly, to the exchange of information between a teacher and a student in the educational process, thirdly, to the content of the information itself, which is the main factor in the acquisition and formation of students’ knowledge and skills. In addition, in professional communication, the amount of proper information is quite important: relevant, reliable, unlimited, available, which is necessary in the aggregate. It is useful information of a cultural and ethical nature that is able to be mastered and remembered by students as much as possible and in the future to be fully applied in educational and professional activities. The effectiveness of foreign language training is achieved by combining conventional foreign language learning technologies with the latest intensive didactic technologies, which include illustrative, imitative, practical and situational learning methods, methods of active and problem-based learning of foreign languages, stimulation and motivation for educational and cognitive activities due to the content saturation of professional methods significant and personally valuable information.

The Integration of the Communicative Language Teaching and the Conventional Approach to Teaching English in Chinese College

With the rapid development of the social economy in the late 2000s, the communicative competence of English learners has increased significantly in China. The conventional approach tends to memorize by rote, which begins to withdraw gradually from Chinese Higher Education. The communicative language teaching (CLT) method is emerging worldwide and getting increasing attention. This paper has used the method of secondary review to analyze the implementation status of teaching methods in College English education in China, which primarily focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the conventional approach and communicative language teaching. Moreover, this paper analyzes the restrictive factors that the CLT method can not completely replace the conventional approach through comparative analysis.

El culturema jade en la fraseología y la cultura chinas

"Based on the Conventional Figurative Language Theory (Dobrovol’skij and Piirainen 2005a), this paper aims to analyse, from a linguo-cultural perspective, the symbolism of jade in Chinese culture and language, focusing on its phraseological units and metaphors. For this purpose, first of all, we briefly explore the history and culture of jade in China, as well as its ideograms and uses throughout history. Then, I focus on analysing its cultural connotations in phraseological units, such as power, wealth, virtue, perfection, exquisiteness and beauty, among others. Its symbolism has evolved over various historical periods. In this day and age, some of them are still alive, while others have become obsolete. However, its symbolic traces are deeply marked in the language. Furthermore, the large number and frequent use of phraseological units and metaphors with the component ‘jade’ shows its idiosyncratic cultural importance in China."

Fordítás és kétnyelvű névszemiotikai tájkép

The name semiotic landscape is an integral part of the linguistic landscape and examines proper names that appear on name signs, inscriptions in public spaces, various surfaces, and extralingual signs referring to names. Bilingual proper name pairs that appear in the name semiotic landscape can also be analyzed in terms of translation. The study of the bilingual name semiotic (and linguistic) landscape also provides important information for translatology. The author illustrates the connections between the translation and the bilingual semiotic landscape of personal, place, and institution names with examples taken from an image database collected in Hungarian settlements in Slovakia. The analyzed proper names were translated through several translation operations: 1. transfer – no translation, using the original form of the name; 2. transcription – adapting the spelling of the source language name to the target language; 3. name matching – replacing the name to be translated with the conventional target language equivalent; 4. partial or loan translation of meaning – translating the source language name or part of the name with target language elements that correspond to their meaning; 5. full or partial modification – a major transformation of the name to be translated, its replacement by another name in the target language; changing the proper name into a common noun or with periphrasis; partial modification of the information content of the source language name in the target language by adding (explicitation) or omitting (implicitation) parts of the name.

Formal verification of pipelined cryptographic circuits: A functional approach

Cryptographic circuits are essential in systems where security is the main criteria. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure the correctness of not only the cryptographic algorithms, but also their hardware implementations. Formal methods, unlike the other validation techniques, guarantee the absence of errors.The problem is that designers still use conventional Hardware Description Languages (HDLs), which are poorly suited for formal verification. This paper presents a verificationmethodology for the pipelined cryptographic circuits using for-mal methods in an automatic manner. It consists on using the functional HDL Lava to describe and verify the equivalence between the behavioral specification and structural implementation of a circuit. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to use this functional HDL for that computpurpose. To show the features of the proposed approach, it was applied to verify the pipelined implemen-tation of the cryptographic circuit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard).

From Margaret Cavendish to Aphra Behn: A Quantitative Analysis of Stage Directions in Restoration Comedy

Abstract Stage directions have not been a central topic in English Drama Studies until recently. Their format, purpose and when they became part of the conventional language of printed plays have been traditionally associated with pre-Interregnum authors, but this article concentrates rather on the Restoration years, when a set of cultural and social circumstances boosted the printing of plays. A quantitative examination of nearly nineteen thousand stage directions from the comedies produced between 1660 and 1682 can contribute to a better understanding of the dramatic activity during this period. Their classification and analysis offer useful insights into new staging practices—technical conditions of the scenic stages plus a more than likely evolution in acting techniques—and the authors' individual preferences regarding performance and their different degree of involvement with the politics of commercial drama.

‘Flash of Boy’ [astrapse apo agori

This article reflects on the fraught relationship between a non-autistic ethnographer and an autistic interlocutor with the goal of suggesting that the hiatus between them stems from the existing social hierarchy between neurotypical and autistic modes of communication. Drawing on anthropology of autism and critical disability studies, the article attempts to shed light on the formation of non-autistic subjectivities with the goal of suggesting that the privilege of the usage of conventional language mystifies power relations that exclude autistics from social interactions. The creation of a socially unexpected linguistic metaphor by the autistic interlocutor reveals a conflict between the use of language as an authoritative apparatus for intelligible belonging as opposed to its use as it has been rooted in experience, with all of the pain and excitement such a conflict implies.