Conventional Language Research Articles

WhatsApp and English Language Learning: Students’ Experiences during the Pandemic in Pakistan

In response to the lockdown and closure of all academic institutions in Pakistan generally and particularly in Bahawalpur, the college teachers were directed by the Higher Education Department to initiate online teaching through WhatsApp, Zoom, Google Meet, YouTube and other educational applications. The purpose of this article is to understand the voices of undergraduates towards social media in general, and WhatsApp in particular during the COVID-19 crisis in terms of English language learning since few studies have focused on the educational potential of WhatsApp during pandemic in Pakistan. To reach the aim of this research, a mixed-method research approach was adopted, including a survey and interview to collect data. We surveyed approximately 510 students from various classes at Bachelor of Science (BS) level using Google Forms. These participants were recruited through convenient sampling. A total of 415 students returned the completed questionnaire. The survey revealed a positive relationship between social media and learning of the English language during the pandemic. The adoption of social media, particularly WhatsApp facilitated students with individual and active learning, a competitive environment, interactivity, critical thinking, problem solving, and discussion. The themes that emerged from the interviews suggest that WhatsApp served as a platform to transform conventional English language learning, offer multimedia resources and incidental English language learning. The study suggested that the implementation of WhatsApp was a worthwhile attempt since it yielded fruitful results even during the pandemic.

COVID-19 and bilingual children's home language environment: Digital media, socioeconomic status, and language status.

Input is considered crucial in bilingual children's language development. This is especially true for bilingual children's mother tongue language learning given its common reduction in input opportunities due to the dominance of one language within society, as seen in countries and regions from Wales to Singapore. Previous studies tend to focus on the quantity and quality of conventional active communication and resources (e.g., speaking and reading with parents) on bilingual children's language development, and substantially, fewer studies have explored this topic from the perspective of digital media. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated the critical role of digital media in various aspects of life, including bilingual children's home language environment. Thus, to holistically understand bilingual children's daily language input patterns, it is imperative to explore both their conventional and digital media input resources. The current study focuses on English-Mandarin bilingual children in Singapore and would like to explore (1) whether their conventional and digital media language environments have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) whether the societal status of a language and familial socioeconomic status (SES) would affect bilingual children's conventional and digital media input. Survey data from 162 parents of English-Mandarin bilingual preschoolers (3 to 6 years old) were used to explore the two research questions. Two online parental questionnaires were employed for data collection. One-way repeated-measures MANOVA and path models were used to address the questions. The results indicated that input patterns from nuclear family members had not been affected by COVID-19; however, the amount and frequency of conventional and digital media materials and activities increased significantly since COVID-19. Higher-SES families possessed more conventional materials and conducted conventional activities more often, while lower-SES families possessed more digital media materials. Both conventional and digital media materials and activities were richer in English than in Mandarin. Higher-SES families perceived digital media usage for learning to be of less importance than lower-SES families. The implications for early bilingual learning following COVID-19 are discussed.

Социальные сети в аспекте регулятивной функции языка (на материале интернет-обсуждения вопроса письменно-речевой грамотности текстов в виртуальном общении)

The article describes the regulatory function of the language of Internet communication. The research featured the Internet discussion triggered by Olga Yurochkina's blog called The Little Things of Life. The users expressed their attitude to the spelling and punctuation violations that are typical of online communication. According to the hypothesis, special (philological) knowledge is opposed to the vernacular one. Consequently, educated users demand stricter control of conventional language rules. The author used comparative approach to develop a typology of opinions. The Internet discussion differed from similar offline debates in its causes, patterns, and results. The regulatory function was never mentioned directly but could be deciphered from the way the users formulated their question and the latent content of the statements they made.

Classification of Research Papers on Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) Using Graph Neural Networks (GNN)

This study compares the performance of graph convolutional neural network (GCN) models with conventional natural language processing (NLP) models for classifying scientific literature related to radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF). Specifically, the study examines two GCN models: BertGCN and the citation-based GCN. The study concludes that the model achieves consistently good performance when the input text is long enough, based on the attention mechanism of BERT. When the input sequence is short, the composition parameter λ, which combines output values of the two subnetworks of BertGCN, plays a crucial role in achieving high classification accuracy. As the value of λ increases, the classification accuracy also increases. The study also proposes and tests a simplified variant of BertGCN, revealing performance differences among the models under two different data conditions by the existence of keywords. This study has two main contributions: (1) the implementation and testing of a variant of BertGCN and citation-based GCN for document classification tasks related to radio frequency electromagnetic fields publications, and (2) the confirmation of the impact of model conditions, such as the existence of keywords and input sequence length, in the original BertGCN. Although this study focused on a specific domain, our approaches have broader implications that extend beyond scientific publications to general text classification.

An AADL Contract Language Supporting Integrated Model- and Code-Level Verification

Model-based systems engineering approaches support the early adoption of a model - a collection of abstractions - of the system under development. The system model can be augmented with key properties of the system including formal specifications of system behavior that codify portions of system and unit-level requirements. There are obvious gaps between the model with formally specified behavior and the deployed system. Previous work on component contract languages has shown how behavior can be specified in models defined using the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) - a SAE International standard (AS5506C). That work demonstrated the effectiveness of model-level formal methods specification and verification but did not provide a strong and direct connection to system implementations developed using conventional programming languages. In particular, there was no refinement of model-level contracts to programming language-level contracts nor a framework for formally verifying that program code conforms to model-level behavioral specifications. To address these gaps and to enable the practical application of model-contract languages for verification of deployed high-integrity systems, this paper describes the design of the GUMBO AADL contract language that integrates and extends key concepts from earlier contract languages. The GUMBO contract language (GCL) is closely aligned to a formal semantics of the AADL run-time framework, which provides a platform- and language- independent specification of AADL semantics. We have enhanced the HAMR AADL code generation framework to translate model-level contracts to programming language-level contracts in the Slang high-integrity language. We demonstrate how the Logika verification tool can automatically verify that Slang-based AADL component implementations conform to contracts, both at the code-level and model-level. Slang-based implementations of AADL systems can be executed directly or compiled to C for deployments on Linux or the seL4 verified microkernel.

Physics and poetry revisited

In his April 2022 editorial (page 8), Charles Day opens with a quote from Paul Dirac: “The aim of science is to make difficult things understandable in a simpler way; the aim of poetry is to state simple things in an incomprehensible way. The two are incompatible.” As a poet with a bachelor’s in applied math, I find Dirac’s comment to be clever but misguided.Doubtless many poets would say that physics makes the simple incomprehensible. Comprehension is a function of training, and mathematical formulation remains baffling to many. Meanwhile, we should always be suspicious of the Dunning–Kruger effect when judging others’ fields as dealing with especially simple matters, particularly when we can see that we do not understand the results.Poets have diverse aims, not primarily obfuscatory. Some poets explore the limits of language, seeking to say that which is unsayable in everyday speech—a task tackled elegantly by quantum formalism in a domain for which our vernacular has not evolved. The very syntax of human language obscures fundamental understanding of the “really real world” beyond the prosaic and the mesoscale.Dirac was 13 years old when the poet Hugo Ball presented his “Dada Manifesto” (1916) in pursuit of “poems that are meant to dispense with conventional language.” Such “experimental poetry” may reveal aspects of how language functions or how the brain constructs meaning. Poetic diction may be deliberately dissociated from lyric expression to examine language distinct from confounding factors of sentiment (see, for example, the Language poets of the 1960s and 1970s, such as Ron Silliman, Lyn Hejinian, and Bernadette Mayer).Incomprehensible? Yes, often. But it misses the mark to say that the simple has been made so. Poetry is a kind of laboratory environment where language can be brought to exhibit all sorts of odd behaviors that won’t occur in plain prose. The process may appear bizarre, and the results ambiguous. Surely a physicist can relate. Section:ChooseTop of page <<© 2023 American Institute of Physics.

УТОПИЯ СОВЕРШЕННОГО ЯЗЫКА: ЛИНГВОФИЛОСОФИЯ ХУГО БАЛЛЯ

Philosophical and poetic reflection on the role of language in the era of modernism are characterized by an intense search for a new perfect language. The result of this search is a discussion about the expressive possibilities of poetic language and attempts to create new forms of poetry. The subject of the research is Hugo Ball’s theoretical views on the problem of language. One of the founders of the Dada movement, Ball creates sound poems, which should be analyzed as a reflection of the avant-garde concept of abandoning the outdated rules of ordinary language. They represent an absolute deconstruction of language, but its significance lies in an attempt for an innovative understanding of poetic creativity and its reception, which is in the spirit of the time. Ball’s reflections on poetic language are viewed in the context of the romantic philosophy of language, modern philosophy, and also in the context of philosophical thought of the beginning of the 20th century. At the heart of the radical literary experiments of the Dadaists (as well as those of the Russian and Italian Futurists) is the idea that the existing conventional natural languages are unsuitable for poetry. Hugo Ball rethinks the concept of the language norm and the principles of poetic communication between the creator of a new formation and his listener. Doubt, concerning the success of such communication, leads Ball to comment on his own hermetic texts using conventional language. The article formulates the concept of a perfect language in the understanding of Hugo Ball. The main features of Ball’s new poetic language are irrationality, magical nature and fundamentally different sound. “Poems without words” are proposed to be interpreted as metaphors which point to the idea of a perfect language behind them.

Enhancing Post-Pandemic EFL Education by Leveraging Immersive, NLP-Driven, AI-based Tools That Promote Collaboration and Interactivity within an Educational Approach

This paper aims to improve post-pandemic English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education by leveraging immersive, NLP-driven, AI-based tools that promote collaboration and interactivity in teaching. It is because the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted conventional language education, leading to a shift towards online instruction and requiring new language learning strategies. The study used a mixedmethods approach integrating quantitative and qualitative data collection and processing strategies to examine the effectiveness of collaborative and interactive AI-powered natural language processing (NLP) applications on EFL instruction in a post-pandemic online teaching environment. To collect data, teachers, and students at the University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) in Benin were surveyed, interviewed, and observed during online language learning sessions. The data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study used questionnaire surveys to analyze the quantitative data and the thematic (content) analysis method to identify significant trends and themes in the qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews and online class observations. The results revealed the advantages and disadvantages of using AI-supported collaborative and interactive language learning in EFL instruction, the learning methodologies and assessment approaches used in AI-supported online collaborative learning, the role of technology in supporting lifelong learning, and the impact of ICT teacher training on the integration of AI-supported online collaborative learning in EFL instruction. The outcomes provide new insights into the impact of AI-assisted collaborative and interactive language learning on EFL instruction and its implications for EFL teachers and students in the post-COVID-19 era.

Différance in the French Versions of the Synoptic: A Case for Intralingua Translation

This study centers on the intralingua overview of différance in the three French versions of selected verses from the gospels of Jesus Christ as recorded by Mathew, Mark, Luke and John. The objectives of this study are to: describe what différance is in translation studies; examine the meaningfulness of the meaning accorded the selected verses across the three versions of the French Bible to the designated audience; explain variations in the intralingua rendering of the synoptic; analyze the spiritual impression the different meanings generated by the chosen Bible versions could possibly have on the readers; and expound the language movement of French and its strength in communicating the intent of the gospel to the target audience. Skopos theory by Reiss and Vermeer (1984) is adopted to x-ray the purpose of the translation strategy used by each of the three versions of the Bible in French. Seven statements of Jesus Christ across the four gospels were quoted. The verses were compared and the différance examined. Implication of the meaning transfer by each of the versions is viewed in the spirit of intralingua translation and its attending spiritual intelligibility to the target readers. The study finds out that: every version of the French Bible considered makes effort to convey Jesus’ messages in a way it feels the reader should understand; while some versions pay premium to conventional language structure to translate, other shows concern for content and “sacred” transfer of the divine words; symbols used by Jesus Christ are preserved in the three versions but the spiritual impression wanes in favor of language structure in some versions. The study concludes that intralingua approach to translating the Scriptures is to satisfy different categories of readers and différance underlines the essence of variations in communicating the gospel to the readers of the Bible in French.

Evaluation of the trueness and precision of conventional impressions versus digital scans for the all-on-four treatment in the maxillary arch: An in vitro study.

To compare the accuracy of digitizing conventional impressions to intraoral surface scans for all-on-four treatment in the maxillary arch. An edentulous maxillary arch model with four implants placed in an all-on-four design was fabricated. Intraoral surface scans (n=10) were obtained using an intraoral scanner after scan body insertion. For conventional polyvinylsiloxane impressions of the model, implant copings were inserted into the implant fixation for implant level, opened tray impressions (n=10). The model and conventional impressions were digitized to obtain digital files. A reference file was created using a laboratory-scanned conventional standard tessellation language (STL) file with analog to scan the body using exocad software. STL datasets from the two digital and conventional impression groups were superimposed with reference files to assess the 3D deviations. Two-way ANOVA and paired-samples t-test was performed to assess the difference in trueness and examine the effects of impression technique and implant angulation on the deviation amount. No significant differences were found between the conventional impression and intraoral surface scan groups F(1, 76)=2.705, p=0.104. No significant differences were found between conventional straight and digital straight implants and between conventional and digital tilted implants F(1, 76)=.041, p=0.841. No significant differences were found between conventional straight and conventional tilted implants p=0.07 and between digital straight and digital tilted implants p=0.08. Digital scans were more accurate than conventional impressions. The digital straight implants were more accurate than the conventional straight implants, and the digital tilted implants were more accurate than the conventional tilted implants, with higher accuracy for digital straight implants.

Impartial competitive learning in multi-layered neural networks

The present paper aims to propose a new learning and interpretation method called “impartial competitive learning”, meaning that all participants in a competition should be winners. Due to its importance, the impartiality is forced to be realised even by increasing the corresponding cost in terms of the strength of weights. For the first approximation, three types of impartial competition can be developed: componential, computational, and collective competition. In the componential competition, every weight should have an equal chance on average to win the competition. In the computational competition, all computational procedures should have an equal chance to be applied sequentially in learning. In collective computing for interpretation, all network configurations, obtained by learning, have an equal chance to participate in a process of interpretation, representing one of the most idealised forms of impartiality. The method was applied to a well-known second-language-learning data set. The intuitive conclusion, stressed in the specific science, could not be extracted by the conventional natural language processing methods, because they can deal only with word frequency. The present method tried to extract a main feature beyond the word frequency by competing connection weights and computational procedures impartially, followed by collective and impartial competition for interpretation.

Interaction with Industrial Digital Twin Using Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning.

Digital twins have revolutionized manufacturing and maintenance, allowing us to interact with virtual yet realistic representations of the physical world in simulations to identify potential problems or opportunities for improvement. However, traditional digital twins do not have the ability to communicate with humans using natural language, which limits their potential usefulness. Although conventional natural language processing methods have proven to be effective in solving certain tasks, neuro-symbolic AI offers a new approach that leads to more robust and versatile solutions. In this paper, we propose neuro-symbolic reasoning (NSR)-a fundamental method for interacting with 3D digital twins using natural language. The method understands user requests and contexts to manipulate 3D components of digital twins and is able to read maintenance manuals and implement installations and removal procedures autonomously. A practical neuro-symbolic dataset of machine-understandable manuals, 3D models, and user queries is collected to train the neuro-symbolic reasoning interaction mechanism. The evaluation demonstrates that NSR can execute user commands accurately, achieving 96.2% accuracy on test data. The proposed method has industrial importance since it provides the technology to perform maintenance procedures, request information from manuals, and serve as a tool to interact with complex virtual machinery using natural language.

“Difficult but Good”: enjoying accessible digital creativity

ABSTRACT Background Digital technology is increasingly researched in aphasia rehabilitation but mostly to replicate conventional speech and language therapies. While creative activities are employed in therapy for aphasia, these are not achieved through digital technology and little is known about the impact of digital creativity on people with aphasia. Aim To explore how people with aphasia use and experience non-therapeutic creative digital technologies. Methods & Procedures We facilitated a series of six community-based workshops for people with aphasia to explore four novel digital creative technologies. Following completion of the workshop series, nine participants were interviewed about their experience of taking part and of engaging with the creative technologies. Interview data were transcribed and analysed using the Framework Method. Outcomes & Results Analysis identified two overarching themes addressing creative and technological capability and conceptions of success. Results indicate that creative and accessible digital technologies, presented within the context of a safe, facilitatory social space, fostered experiences of capability and positive challenge for participants. Conclusions Engagement with creative and accessible digital technologies for the sake of engagement alone may offer new therapeutic and recreational opportunities for people with aphasia. Results indicate the potential for such activities, when undertaken within a supportive group context, to spark not only enjoyment and stimulation but also to illuminate and underscore capability.

Universal Constraints on Linguistic Event Categories: A Cross-Cultural Study of Child Homesign

Languages carve up conceptual space in varying ways—for example, English uses the verb cut both for cutting with a knife and for cutting with scissors, but other languages use distinct verbs for these events. We asked whether, despite this variability, there are universal constraints on how languages categorize events involving tools (e.g., knife-cutting). We analyzed descriptions of tool events from two groups: (a) 43 hearing adult speakers of English, Spanish, and Chinese and (b) 10 deaf child homesigners ages 3 to 11 (each of whom has created a gestural language without input from a conventional language model) in five different countries (Guatemala, Nicaragua, United States, Taiwan, Turkey). We found alignment across these two groups—events that elicited tool-prominent language among the spoken-language users also elicited tool-prominent language among the homesigners. These results suggest ways of conceptualizing tool events that are so prominent as to constitute a universal constraint on how events are categorized in language.

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF NETWORK PARLANCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WORD FORMATION

Network parlance refers to the language that first became popular on the Internet and has a certain deviation from the conventional language. Under the birth of the network environment, today’s network parlance has developed into a new dialect. The characteristics of the network information age determine that the network parlance is not only very active in life but also can reflect social and cultural phenomena to a certain extent. From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper studies its origin and analyzes its characteristics from the perspective of word formation. The results show that the most frequently used word formation methods are functional shift and burrowing. From the perspective of the use trend in the past five years, the formation of network terms also shows the characteristics of diversification. Specifically, the frequency of using coinage and clipping is increased. This study holds that the word-formation of network parlance reflects the characteristics of the contemporary new language formation. That is, from the beginning of 2017, the expansion of the meaning of existing words and the absorption of other cultures gradually changed into the creation of new words and the use of short words simplified by existing words.

Cognitive pragmatics: Insights from homesign conversations.

Homesign is a visual-gestural form of communication that emerges between deaf individuals and their hearing interlocutors in the absence of a conventional sign language. I argue here that homesign conversations form a perfect testcase to study the extent to which pragmatic competence is foundational rather than derived from our linguistic abilities.

Utilizing ChatGPT to assist CAD design for microfluidic devices.

ChatGPT is a generative AI model that has garnered tremendous public interest due to its ability to solve diverse problems through high-level reasoning and analysis. Among its features is an ability to create and debug code. While this capability has been explored with conventional programming languages such as Python, it has yet to be applied to computer-aided design (CAD). In this work, we utilized GPT-4 to create functional microfluidic components using OpenSCAD, an open-source CAD software package. Through an iterative dialogue, GPT-4 created functional designs for a helix/spiral, a valve, a t-junction, and a serpentine channel. This concept could facilitate CAD in the future for both technical and non-technical users and can be reasonably extended to other fields.

Temporal processing tele-intervention improves language, attention, and memory in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Temporal processing is the brain's ability to process rapid successive stimuli, and children with neurodevelopmental disorders showed temporal processing deficits. Empirical evidence suggests that in-person intervention on temporal processing improves various cognitive functions of these children, and the present study aimed to study the effects of temporal processing tele-intervention (TPT) on the cognitive functions of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Ninety-five children with neurodevelopmental disorders were recruited and randomly assigned to remotely receive either TPT or conventional language remediation (CLR) in 20 parallel group-based intervention sessions once per week. Their cognitive functions were assessed before and after the intervention. The TPT group demonstrated a specific and significant improvement in working memory (p < .001). While there was an overall significant improvement in sustained attention in terms of processing speed after both types of intervention (p = .006), the positive effects of TPT might be more prominent than that of CLR given the significant pre-post difference after receiving TPT (p = .012) but not CLR (p = .21). Regarding rapid naming accuracy which had marginally significant improvement after the intervention (p = .03), the trend of improvement in TPT (p = .05) also seemed more apparent than that of CLR (p = .18). Finally, the TPT group had significant improvement in word knowledge (p < .001), rapid naming speed (p < .001), sustained attention in terms of accuracy (p < .001), and verbal learning and memory (p < .01) to an extent similar to that of the CLR group. These findings suggest that TPT can be a potential intervention for improving cognitive functions in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05428657 at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/).

The Transformation of Gothic Conventions in the (Proto)Modernist Text

The purpose of the present essay is to demonstrate the ways in which gothic conventions are transformed and modified in the modernist text. In particular, it focuses on Joseph Conrad’s proto-modernist novella Heart of Darkness that paved the way for gothic modernism. The formation of the gothic traditions begins with the publication of the first Gothic novel, Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (1764). The gothic tradition was shaped by the conventions that were subject to numerous transformations by different literary movements at different times. Needless to say, they underwent experimentation and modification/s within the framework of conceptual-aesthetic paradigm of modernism. The range of the modifications of what can be categorized or defined as the Gothic in literature is so wide that it is practically impossible to provide its exhaustive classification. Therefore, the whatness of the gothic in literature is still hotly debated in literary scholarship. There are many different, sometimes conflicting and mutually exclusive, opinions on certain problematic issues concerning the gothic tradition. The gothic or horror novel is a kind of reaction to the ideas of the "age of reason", an expression of the crisis of Enlightenment. Gothic fiction is associated with the Romantic movement which emphasized intense emotional experience often in a wild and scary, bizarre setting. Gothic literature emphasizes the dark side of human existence such as horror and death. In many novels and stories that we categorize as gothic the environment plays a crucial role. Gothic romance is usually characterized by the unique fusion of the fantasy and reality, ordinary and extraordinary, tragic and comic, natural and supernatural, bizarre and commonplace. The plot is complex puzzle, a kind of labyrinth intriguing and perplexing the reader’s mind. The motives of the "cursed family," supernatural/mysterious phenomena, revenge, death, alienation, pervert sexuality and incest are widely used in gothic fiction. Gothic prose as an important precursor of romanticism focuses on the conflicts between the natural and the supernatural, mysticism and the material world, religion and science, death and life, tyranny and the oppressed, the enslaving socio-political system and the free individual, the hierarchy and individualism, authoritarianism and liberalism. Fusing real with fictional and supernatural with natural, it gives rise to the imaginative realism. Dreams, nightmares, phantasmagorical visions, hallucinations, the interweaving of folk narratives and reality are integral constituents of the gothic realm. Joseph Conrad as a pre-modernist author paves the way for gothic modernism by intentionally modifying conventional language and idiom of the literary gothic. In his novella Heart of Darkness the monsters, ghosts and monstrous supernatural beings of traditional gothic literature are transformed into an alternative version of the narrativization of history which was previously repressed by the authorized version of history. They turn into immaterial figures that remain in the periphery of our consciousness. Conrad anticipates cultural, political, and aesthetic dimensions of modernism not only by questioning the past but by drawing as well on a wealth of cultural material and precursor genres rooted in the gothic tradition. Gothic modernism as shaped by Conrad presents multiple perspectives on thematically disparate yet culturally intertwined issues such as ethnicity and espionage, consciousness and electricity, formalism and sensation, and homosexuality and tourism. The novella, psychological exploration of the horrors of empire set in the Congo, is full of gothic imagery and symbolism. As an early or proto-modernist writer Conrad moves away from the gothic traditions as well as Edwardian writing conventions and towards the experimentations associated with the modernist movement.

Binyat ar-Ramz al-Lugawiyyah fī at-Tafsīr aṣ-Ṣūfī

This research aimed to demonstrate the distinctive and comprehensive scholarship of the Sufi knowledge structure. The descriptive method and comparative analysis were used in this literature study. Meanwhile, the data were obtained through a review of the literature, which included books, journals, and academic writings with both primary and secondary references. Through in-depth readings, the researchers found that Sufi thought tends to be symbolic and unconventional. They exist in a sort of semantic intensity that is organized by open spiritual experience, which by nature is in alignment with various symbolic objects and their various manifestations by a strong spiritual sense, equipped with imagination and intuition that emanates from the depths of their being. There are numerous sign systems used in the Sufi language that, in terms of functionality, go beyond those used in conventional language. The study's findings suggest that symbols have the following qualities in the intuitive dimension: First, mystical knowledge produces symbols (Gnosticism). The foundation of sufi symbols is the integration of mental, emotional, and spiritual intelligence. Second, the symbolism that Sufis understand is very extensive. The Sufi is endowed with the power to reveal different secrets and inner truths when he reaches the state of mukafah and muhadah. He is capable of understanding sign language's symbolic expressions. Third, symbols offer a wide range of possible interpretations. Symbolism is based on an approach to interpretation that, by accurately reproducing meaning, broadens thought. This talent shows how the Sufi's spiritual level evolved from the sensory level to the level of infinite totality.