Ship Control System Research Articles

Development of control systems and safety devices for solving the problems of digital transformation of the transport complex

The article considers the challenges facing the transport complex, in particular, at the stage of digital transformation. The directions of development of the transport complex are defined, including the creation of a highly effective "trusted environment". The reasons why the transition to a new paradigm of building transport control systems and safety devices of a new generation is extremely necessary are identified and analyzed. The basic principles and architecture of the basic platform for advanced control systems, safety and diagnostics of traction rolling stock are formulated and justified.

METHODS FOR INCREASING THE CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY BASED ON MODIFICATIONS OF THE BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Object of research: basic architectures of deep learning neural networks. Investigated problem: insufficient accuracy of solving the classification problem based on the basic architectures of deep learning neural networks. An increase in accuracy requires a significant complication of the architecture, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the required computing resources, as well as the consumption of video memory and the cost of learning/output time. Therefore, the problem arises of determining such methods for modifying basic architectures that improve the classification accuracy and require insignificant additional computing resources. Main scientific results: based on the analysis of existing methods for improving the classification accuracy on the convolutional networks of basic architectures, it is determined what is most effective: scaling the ScanNet architecture, learning the ensemble of TreeNet models, integrating several CBNet backbone networks. For computational experiments, these modifications of the basic architectures are implemented, as well as their combinations: ScanNet + TreeNet, ScanNet + CBNet. The effectiveness of these methods in comparison with basic architectures has been proven when solving the problem of recognizing malignant tumors with diagnostic images – SIIM-ISIC Melanoma Classification, the train/test set of which is presented on the Kaggle platform. The accuracy value for the area under the ROC curve metric has increased from 0.94489 (basic architecture network) to 0.96317 (network with ScanNet + CBNet modifications). At the same time, the output compared to the basic architecture (EfficientNet-b5) increased from 440 to 490 seconds, and the consumption of video memory increased from 8 to 9.2 gigabytes, which is acceptable. Innovative technological product: methods for achieving high recognition accuracy from a diagnostic signal based on deep learning neural networks of basic architectures. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: automatic diagnostics systems in the following areas: medicine, seismology, astronomy (classification by images) onboard control systems and systems for monitoring transport and vehicle flows or visitors (recognition of scenes with camera frames).

Аналіз методів прогнозування технічного стану інформаційно-керуючих систем

The article presents the results of analysis and theoretical generalization of scientific works, which consider the problems of determining the condition and resource of technical means of information and management systems in industry. In spite of the specificity of construction and functioning of railway automatics systems, an approach to the synthesis of complex evaluation based on the formation of an integral indicator on the basis of data on the functioning of individual components.The problem of estimating the technical condition and resource of any technical means, and in particular OF the information and control systems, is very topical nowadays, because service methods and exploitation terms of a specific service are grounded on its basis. The issue of the resource intensity determination has become of particular importance during recent years, in connection with the introduction of information and control systems having a fundamentally new elementary basis. Furthermore, operating older relay type systems also demands to determine the date and time of their decommissioning.It should be noted that modern relay control systems used in railway transport, stay in operation for an average period of 35-40 years and or more. As a rule, the same exploitation terms are used during the development of regulatory documents regarding microprocessor system life cycle, without taking into account the fundamental differences in the design and element bases. Moreover, in most cases the decision is usually made administratively and is based on the expertise of a specific manager.This raises the question of formalizing this problem and the issue of the methods and mathematical models development for assessing the state and resource intensity of the railway transport information and control systems.

Characteristics of the hidden economy in Hungary before and after the regime change

Lately, economists and policymakers have been paying even closer attention to the hidden economy. Indeed, it makes a difference to the economy how much money goes into the state coffers. To uncover the hidden economy, however, it is necessary to be familiar with its nature and manifestations. In this paper, with the aid of previous research and literature, we attempt to illustrate the characteristics of the hidden economy in Hungary before and after the regime change and to map out the steps that have been taken to uncover it. This publication was preceded by a systematic literature review on the definition, causes, and effects of the hidden economy, consisting of the collection of both data and literature related to the domestic hidden economy. The following summarizes the results from the synthesis of literature: The Hungarian hidden economy existed even before the regime change and took a variety of different forms. These include tips, bribes, informal payments, unauthorized work and patchwork, moonlighting, unauthorized rental of real estate, use of the social property for personal gain, gains from the infringement of customs and exchange law, tax fraud by craftsmen and retailers, theft of public property, and corruption. Since 1990, not only have the dynamics of the hidden economy strengthened, but its types of activities have changed significantly as well. These include, but are not limited to: omitting a portion of revenue from the register; recognizing non-incurred material production costs among expenditures; including an excessive portion of personal household maintenance costs among production costs; organizing business and study trips abroad; finder’s fee; end-of-year depreciation or ‘transfer’ of inventories; wages of registered employees paid out of pocket; employment of unreported employees; parallel company formation; the economic activity of unincorporated individuals and the income generated thereby. The following are among the concrete steps taken in recent years to uncover the Hungarian hidden economy: the temporary employment booklet; the simplified entrepreneurial tax; the Electronic Trade and Transport Control System; online cash registers; the connection of vending machines to the tax office.

Математическая модель маршрутных расписаний наземного городского электрического транспорта

The analysis of scientifi c publications and timetable models is given. Existing works have been used as a basis of a classification of timetables by the frequency of time values. The urban transport network is presented in the form of a multigraph. The transition from a multigraph of the urban transport network to a network of events characterizing the traffi c process is considered. Constraints on time values have been formalized to solve the main problem of the scheduling theory. The proposed formalization factors in the specifi cs of traffic management planning in Russia and other post-Soviet countries. A mathematical model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic based on the theory of linear programming is presented. The optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory has been substantiated. The uniformity of traffi c intervals is used as an optimization criterion for solving the main problem of the scheduling theory. The article provides tabular timetables used in urban transport to describe the traffi c process in the absence of significant events on the line. The implementation of the model presented in this article is exemplified by the automated tram and trolleybus timetable design software being part of the automated urban electric transport control system currently used in Saint Petersburg to form tram and trolleybus timetables. The examples of calculating the vehicle departure interval diagrams have been used to demonstrate the function of aligning the traffi c intervals. In conclusion, the advantages and development paths of the proposed model of aperiodic timetables for the ground urban electric transport traffic are listed

Компьютерная модель системы динамического позиционирования судна

Object and purpose of research. The object of the research is the dynamic positioning system of a vessel with electric propulsion, the purpose is to create a computer tool for debugging the algorithms for the operation of control system for the ship’s dynamic positioning. Materials and methods. The indigenous simulation environment SimInTech is used. The model of vessel’s plane-parallel motion and methods of complex technical objects computer modeling are used. Main results. The concept and computer model of the ship technical means control system in the domestic modeling environment, mathematical and circuit models of the control object for conducting computational studies of ship control modes, developing and debugging algorithms for controlling the dynamic positioning of the ship, taking into account the optimal use of electric power system resources. Conclusion. The developed computer model of ship with the dynamic positioning system is a flexible tool for creating and debugging ship control systems and control algorithms. It provides a large number of computational studies of ship control modes for the creation and debugging of algorithms for controlling ship movement during its positioning, taking into account the optimal use of the resources of the ship's electric power system, which reduces the complexity of development and debugging of control algorithms, minimizes the number of physical experiments necessary to create ship’s dynamic positioning systems.

Monitoring and Control System for Logistics Protection and Transportation of Urban Solid Waste based on Big Data

<p>Aiming at the problems existing in the traditional monitoring system for logistics protection and transportation of solid waste, the optimization design of logistics protection and transportation monitoring system is realized by using big data analysis technology from two aspects of hardware and software. In terms of hardware, the basic structure of the system server, internal components and connection circuit are modified, and the on-board weighing device is installed on the logistics transport vehicle. On the basis of the completion of hardware system installation, the interface of the system is designed and the database is built. The monitoring function of the system is realized through linking communication links, locating vehicle transportation location, real-time monitoring of transportation process, automatic weighing and abnormal alarm of logistics protection, so as to complete the optimization design of the software system. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional system, the response speed of the designed monitoring system for logistics protection and transportation increases by 67.6%.</p>

Modeling and Predictive Control of Shipboard Hybrid DC Power Systems

Although onboard dc power systems bring values for the power and propulsion system of the future hybrid ships, the main barrier for the development of such systems for large-scale vessels is the technical operational issues, such as stability and power quality and how to satisfy the related standards and regulations. In the advanced ship power systems, the conventional diode rectifiers are being replaced with active front-end (AFE) rectifiers providing the control flexibility but at a higher cost. However, to make such devices more profitable, the ship control system can be reconfigured to unlock the potentials of AFEs for the general system stability. This article is dealing with the stability issue of hybrid dc power systems proposing a predictive control approach to improve the voltage regulation and better use of converters. The proposed method replaces the conventional direct power control (DPC) of AFE rectifiers with a model predictive control (MPC) and integrates the dc-dc converters in the same control platform. In this method, optimal control commands for the rectifiers and the dc-dc converter are calculated by the predictive control to minimize the dc bus voltage fluctuations, especially under the fast load changes. The controller is then extended to regulate the load sharing between the different energy units. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in simulation with a typical shipload profile, as well as a real ship profile, which has several operating modes, such as steep load increase & decrease, high speed, and maneuvering operation. The performance of the proposed control strategy is compared with conventional controllers, and the results show that the new method can provide significant advantages in terms of fast and stable control performance, as well as the steady-state voltage regulation and enhancing the power smoothing function of the battery. Laboratory experimental data are also used for validation.

Reliability Distribution of a Ship Steering Control System Based on Scoring Method

In order to improve the reliability of the ship's steering control system, the structure and function of a new ship steering control system are taken as objects, the basic reliability model of the system is established, the working characteristics of the system are analyzed and the scoring distribution method for the ship's steering control system is proposed, and the reliability index of the unit in the system is distributed. The reliability index of each unit is obtained, which provides the reliability basis for further optimizing the design of the steering control system.

Transport control and monitoring systems as the basis of national economic security

Transport is one of the main tools in solving major political and economic tasks in ensuring the country’s defense capability. Management and monitoring of transport serve as an information basis for ensuring the functioning and development of the socio-economic system. In the modern world, transport management and monitoring of stable and long-term socio-economic transport development are of particular importance. This article discusses such concepts as transport management and monitoring, economic security and ensuring counteraction to its threats, threshold values of indicators of economic security and various approaches to their formation, innovative activity as one of the mechanisms for ensuring the development of the Russian economy.

THE IMPROVEMENT OF RATIONING RUNNING TIME AND FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR RIVER VESSELS IN THE CONTEX OF DIGITALIZATION

The article presents a brief analysis of rationing the time of passage of vessels and convoys and fuel consumption on river transport in Russia and abroad. To improve the efficiency of the river vessels at the current stage of digitalization, the usage of the existing modern methods of calculating the standards of navigation and fuel consumption of vessels and convoys is the most appropriate for these purposes, taking into account the conditions of navigation on sections of waterways at the time of modeling. The article considers the ways of improvement of rationing based on the automated ship control system suggested by the author, for the functioning of which there is additional standard equipment on board a ship. The system provides control of the main parameters of the engine and speed along sections of waterways and fuel consumption. The effectiveness of its functioning is shown. To increase the efficiency of rationing significantly, the necessary methodological, algorithmic and software developments are identified.

Adaptive back-stepping control on container ships for path following

A feedback-dominance based adaptive back-stepping (FDBAB) controller is designed to drive a container ship to follow a predefined path. In reality, current, wave and wind act on the ship and produce unwanted disturbances to the ship control system. The FDBAB controller has to compensate for such disturbances and steer the ship to track the predefined (or desired) path. The difference between the actual and the desired path along which the ship is to sail is defined as the tracking error. The FDBAB controller is built on the tracking error model which is developed based on Serret-Frenet frame transformation (SFFT). In additional to being affected by external disturbances, the ship has more outputs than inputs (under-actuated), and is inherently nonlinear. The back-stepping controller in FDBAB is used to compensate the nonlinearity. The adaptive algorithms in FDBAB is employed to approximate disturbances. Lyapunov's direct method is used to prove the stability of the control system. The FDBAB controlled system is implemented in Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the controller in terms of successful path tracking and disturbance rejection.

Design of Ship Visual Communication Teleoperation System Based on Virtual Reality

Ji, Y., 2020. Design of ship visual communication teleoperation system based on virtual reality. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 975–978. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In view of slow response, small number of users' access and inaccurate anomaly warning of traditional ship remote operation system, this paper designs a ship visual communication remote operation system based on virtual reality. Ceator software is used to build the three-dimensional model of the ship control system. Real-time operation control algorithm is adopted to drive the control program, introducing Vega to develop the ship visual communication remote operation system. Eclipse is used to build the system operation environment. The proposed ship visual communication remote operation system has faster response, larger number of users access, and more accurate anomaly warning is, which makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional system.

Research on the Function Optimization of the Bulk Grain Transportation Central Control System

With the rapid advancement of the guidance for port transformation and upgrading, in view of the lagging automation of bulk terminals, the low level of intelligent information, and the urgent needs for the transformation and upgrading of bulk terminals, this paper optimizes the central control system for bulk grain transportation, and implements the framework, technology, and functions of the central control system for bulk grain transportation. Based on the research of the basic functions of the existing central control system for bulk grain transportation, combined with actual needs, the functional characteristics of the central control system are optimized and researched. The warehouse preparation and transfer process is optimized, the web publishing function is added, the information management is optimized, and the alarm function is improved. The overall characteristics and intelligent level of the central control system for bulk grain transportation is improved, which has guiding significance for the intelligent construction of bulk grain transportation in ports.

Characteristics of the Hidden Economy in Hungary Before and after the Regime Change

Lately, economists and policymakers have been paying even closer attention to the hidden economy. Indeed, it makes a difference to the economy how much money goes into the state coffers. In order to uncover the hidden economy however, it is necessary to be familiar with its nature and manifestations. In this paper, with the aid of previous research and literature we attempt to illustrate the characteristics of the hidden economy in Hungary before and after the regime change and to map out the steps that have been taken to uncover it. This publication was preceded by a systematic literature review on the definition, causes, and effects of the hidden economy, consisting of the collection of both data and literature related to the domestic hidden economy. The following summarize the results from the synthesis of literature: The Hungarian hidden economy existed even before the regime change and took a variety of different forms. These include tips, bribes, informal payments, unauthorized work and patchwork, moonlighting, unauthorized rental of real estate, use of social property for personal gain, gains from the infringement of customs and exchange law, tax fraud by craftsmen and retailers, theft of public property, and corruption. Since 1990, not only have the dynamics of the hidden economy strengthened, but its types of activities have changed significantly as well. These include, but are not limited to: omitting a portion of revenue from the register; recognizing non-incurred material production costs among expenditures; including an excessive portion of personal household maintenance costs among production costs; organizing business and study trips abroad; finder’s fee; end-of-year depreciation or 'transfer' of inventories; wages of registered employees paid out of pocket; employment of unreported employees; parallel company formation; economic activity of unincorporated individuals and the income generated thereby. The following are among the concrete steps taken in recent years to uncover the Hungarian hidden economy: the temporary employment booklet; the simplified entrepreneurial tax; the Electronic Trade and Transport Control System; online cash registers; the connection of vending machines to the tax office.

A novel integration of smart vehicles and secure clouds for supervising vehicle accidents on roads/highways

Precluding death percentage from road accidents has always been challenging task for technologists and scientists of this earth. As per the recent reports of world health organization approximately 1.5 million people including children and women are getting sudden and sad demise from road accidents. Approximately 25% of these deaths are because of non-availability of in-time medical aid and the existing automobile automatic communication technology is feeling helplessness. Although, the existing technologies of this earth and their integrations can help to the persons who are trapped in accidents and getting sudden demise. It is the social responsibility of scientists and researchers to work in the direction of developing easily accessible technologies which can provide immediate help on urgent basis to the persons struggling for life on the place of accident. This research work uses secure cloud (SeC) based online cameras called virtual eyes and internet of things (IoT) for developing a flawless and intelligent road traffic accident death prevention system called Intelligent Road Transportation Management and Control System (IRTMCS). The proposed IRTMCS is reliable, economically feasible and innocuous. The implementation and installation of the proposed system in existing vehicles can save the life of millions of people every year. In this research paper, the author has presented an innovative SeCBVE (Secure Cloud Based Virtual Eye) based IRTMCS (Intelligent Road Transportation Management and Control System) for preventing the deaths of individuals including women and children in road accidents. The implementation of the proposed approach brings us to a juncture where death percentage of persons in road accidents is decreased by 25% and approximately the life of approximately 400,000 (Four Hundred Thousand) persons including women and children can be saved every year by using the proposed system. The proposed approach uses secure cloud (SeC) based online cameras called virtual eye and internet of things (IoT) for implementing an unblemished and smart road traffic accident death prevention system. The proposed SeCBVE based IRTMCS is capable to help the investigators in finding the cause of accident and it will help the judicial system in tracing the culprit on the basis of stored video images. It can be concluded from the results and discussions sections that the proposed SeCBVE based IRTMCS gives promising performance in terms of efficiency, consistency and fault tolerance and it includes all the necessary features which are required for accountable, reliable and flawless road traffic accident death prevention systems (RTADPS). The implementation and installation of the proposed system in existing vehicles can save the life of millions of people every year.

Control of the Vessel Course using of PID-Regulator under Parametric Uncertainty

The work is devoted to the problem of ensuring the safe movement of vessels in maritime waters. A special place within the framework of this problem is occupied by the task of planning the shipping route: the trajectory of the vessel’s movement in the local sea waters area and shipping route from the port of sailing out to the port of destination. The purpose of planning the vessel’s trajectory in the local sea waters area is to ensure navigation safety in the conditions of collective movement and geographical features of the waters area. In the present work the task of controlling the vessel when she is proceeding by the program trajectory is considered. The article notes that the inaccuracy of a preconceived ideas about the model of vessel movement can significantly affect the behavior of the vessel in the control processing, accuracy of control may become insufficient in circumstances of high traffic intensity, which can lead to dangerous approach of vessels. To solve this problem, it is proposed to include in the ship’s control system the PID - regulator operating on a deviation from the course, integral from this deviation and its derivative, and also, the function of identifying the model of motion of an object by the method of speed gradient, realizing a closed system. As a model of the vessel’s movement adopted well known model Nomoto of second order. The article is accompanied by the results of modeling the proposed ship control system. It is shown that it is able to operates within a single process in real time and respond adequately to changes of motion model parameters.

Safety analysis on typical scenarios of GTCS based on STAMP and STPA

As the rapid development of the urbanization, solutions to solving the traffic congestion have become a hotspot. In this case, the Guided Transportation System (GTS) has been developed, which has the potential to release the traffic jam due to the advantages of short construction period and low cost. Safety analysis on the new transportation tool is essential to keep its operation and passengers safe. Based on the STAMP (Systems-theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes) model and the STPA method (System-theory Process Analysis), this paper constructs a safety analysis framework for the typical operating scenarios of the Guided Transportation Control System (GTCS). Aimed at typical scenarios of vehicle tracking, the corresponding hierarchical control structure models are established. Then, the hazard causes are analyzed. And corresponding safety constraints are put forward to handle the hazard causes, which can provide supports for improving the system design of the GTCS.

The application of relational interactive logic in control operation problems by the example of monitoring the server equipment of transport systems

The article demonstrates the use of relational interactive logic in solving the problem of monitoring the server equipment of the transport control system. An example of such a problem is the problem of analyzing log records of monitoring server hardware. The server is considered as a special case of the physical control system. The conditions for the correctness of the current state of the equipment are defined in the form of systems of logical equations and inequalities. Solving a system of logical equations by executing a SQL query on a set of tables describing the elementary control systems in the server allows us to judge the deviation of the hardware parameters of the equipment. Recording the correctness conditions in the form of systems of logical equations provides the ability to take into account both the peculiarities of the functioning of the server hardware and some external context within which the server operates. The considered solution demonstrates the applicability of relational interactive logic in solving the problem of controlling individual classes of control systems within the scope of the system analysis discipline.

Planning of qualitative indexes of railroad operational work in polygon technologies

Increase of transit traffic volume demands application of new technological solutions structured in accordance with the tight schedule of the movement of freight trains. The forms of organizing traffic volumes based on the tight schedule are the intersectional and group trains and technical routes of regular service requiring specially organized reception of groups of wagons at their railroad yard.Now there are quite a few optimizing models aimed at describing and researching of the uniform object – a freight transportation control system. Many of them give the individual formal description of the system, while being closed to further specification and development.One of the main goals of transport processes control consists in optimum performance of cargo transportation of the predefined volume determined at a certain time interval, using the existing technical, information and steering complexes.