Power Supply Control Research Articles

Design of Solar Endurance Control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based on Schmidt Trigger Control

In order to improve the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), a power supply controller with automatic switching between solar energy and battery was designed. The controller is mainly composed of an AT89C51 single chip microcomputer. By collecting ambient light intensity and comparing it with the preset light intensity of the system, the controller completes automatic switching of the power supply for solar unmanned aerial vehicles, thereby achieving continuous and stable power supply for solar unmanned aerial vehicles. In addition, the implementation method of the single-chip microcomputer program in the controller is also introduced. The control core is to use Schmidt de shake control to switch between solar energy and battery, and to test the various functions of the controller through the flight experiment of a small solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle. Tests have found that solar powered drones using this controller can navigate for a long time in weather with varying light intensity, and the device operates well, effectively improving the power stability of solar powered drones.

Control of isolated hydrogen generation power supply for the DC power grid

The utilization of water electrolysis hydrogen in DC power grids can effectively improve the absorption and utilization of renewable energy, and hydrogen production power supply is a key equipment. This article designs an isolated DC hydrogen production power supply, which adopts a bidirectional active H-bridge topology and power modular design. In the process of hydrogen production, the use of constant current and constant voltage control, the development of control strategies for the hydrogen production process but the input current ripple of the electrolytic cell is heavy, so the driving pulse interleaving phase shift between power modules is adopted. The hydrogen production power supply can achieve a hydrogen production process with a small current ripple, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the hydrogen preparation power supply control strategy have been verified through simulation and experiments.

Совместная оптимизация конструктивных параметров индуктора и алгоритмов управления процессом нагрева под поверхностную закалку

The paper considers an approach for solving the joint optimization problem of design solutions and modes 
 of inductor functioning in the process of heating steel parts of L-shaped form for surface hardening. The first stage solves the problem of optimizing the design of the coils of the inductor and the parameters of the power supply control algorithm, ensuring the maximum uniform heating of the quenched layer to a given temperature above the Curie point in 
 a fixed time. In the second step, a phase limitation is considered, which is a technological requirement to ensure, throughout the heating stage, a temperature not exceeding the limit value. In case of violation of the specified limit, the problem of finding the control algorithm on a special interval within which the maximum temperature in the hardened layer exceeded the maximum permissible value is solved. In the third step, the problem of joint optimization is solved with the found control algorithm at a specific interval of motion on the phase restriction. The described steps can be repeated if necessary. There is presented a test example of the application of the developed strategy for the considered class of technology induction heating for the surface hardening of metal blanks with an angle zone. For the numerical solution in the MATLAB application package developed a software complex, in which integrated two-dimensional nonlinear problem-oriented model of the induction heating process, developed in ANSYS Mechanical APDL. The algorithm for solving the joint optimization problem is based on an alternate method of parametric optimization of systems with distributed parameters. Developed strategy tested on a verified model of interconnected electromagnetic and temperature fields, it is possible to obtain a uniform temperature distribution along the boundary of the hardened layer of steel semi-finished products of complex geometric shape without local overheating throughout the heating stage.

Numerical analysis and control technology of gas accumulation in a large-scale specially-shaped tunnel passing through coal bearing strata

To solve the construction ventilation problem of super long (length greater than 10000 m) tunnel passing through discrete lenticular gas bag tunnel under complex working conditions in carbonaceous shale stratum, relying on the construction of Banzhulin tunnel of the new Xuyong-Bijie Railway (Sichuan-Yunnan). Using the finite element analysis software, the flow field distribution of the tunnel return air flow in the case of simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces is simulated, and the formation position and influence range of the vortex area which is easy to form gas accumulation are analyzed. On this basis, the technical team developed the PLC uninterruptible self starting ventilation power supply control program. By comparing the changes in the time required for ventilation power supply failure before and after the adoption of this technology, and the comparison of the gas concentration in the return air flow within a relatively short time of the failure, it is proved that this technology reduces the fault response time to 15.74% of the original time, and can well avoid gas accumulation within the failure time, It provides some reference for similar engineering construction.

A Shunt-Assisted Silicon Electrode for Micro Electrochemical Machining

Abstract Stray current causes undesired material dissolution in micro-electrochemical machining (micro-ECM). The reduction of stray corrosion, caused by stray current, continues to be a major challenge for accuracy improvement. To limit the distribution of stray current, a shunt-assisted silicon electrode, with an auxiliary anode sharing stray current, is proposed in this study. The auxiliary anode is arranged outside the insulating layer of the sidewall-insulated electrode. It is proved in simulation that the auxiliary anode can help reduce the average material removal rate on the machined surface by 55% and improve processing accuracy. A fabrication process of shunt-assisted silicon electrode by bulk silicon process and thin film deposition process are presented. Microgrooves and holes are machined in ECM experiments. The angle between each side-wall and the vertical plane is less than 10 deg. The gap between the sidewall of the machined structures and electrode-outer-contour is about 30 μm±6 μm for the grooves and 45 μm±10 μm for the holes. These long-term experiments and consistent processing results show the shunt-assisted electrode is reliable in ECM process. But due to the stray corrosion induced by DC power supply and conservative feed method, the effect of the shunt-assisted silicon electrode in inhibiting stray corrosion is not significant. In the future, a micro-ECM system with novel power supply and active control methodologies is expected to better utilize the effect of the shunt-assisted silicon electrode.

Fractional-Order Model-Free Predictive Control for Voltage Source Inverters

Currently, a two-level voltage source inverter (2L-VSI) is regarded as the cornerstone of modern industrial applications. However, the control of VSIs is a challenging task due to their nonlinear and time-varying nature. This paper proposes employing the fractional-order controller (FOC) to improve the performance of model-free predictive control (MFPC) of the 2L-VSI voltage control in uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. In the conventional MFPC based on the ultra-local model (ULM), the unknown variable that includes all the system disturbances is estimated using algebraic identification, which is insufficient to improve the prediction accuracy in the predictive control. The proposed FO-MFPC uses fractional-order proportional-integral control (FOPI) to estimate the unknown function associated with the MFPC. To get the best performance from the FOPI, its parameters are optimally designed using the grey wolf optimization (GWO) approach. The number of iterations of the GWO is 100, while the grey wolf’s number is 20. The proposed GWO algorithm achieves a small fitness function value of approximately 0.156. In addition, the GWO algorithm nearly finds the optimal parameters after 80 iterations for the defined objective function. The performance of the proposed FO-MFPC controller is compared to that of conventional MFPC for the three loading cases and conditions. Using MATLAB simulations, the simulation results indicated the superiority of the proposed FO-MFPC controller over the conventional MFPC in steady state and transient responses. Moreover, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage at different sampling times proves the excellent quality of the output voltage with the proposed FO-MFPC controller over the conventional MFPC controller. The results confirm the robustness of the two control systems against parameter mismatches. Additionally, using the TMS320F28379D kit, the experimental verification of the proposed FO-MFPC control strategy is implemented for 2L-VSI on the basis of the Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulator, demonstrating the applicability and effective performance of our proposed control strategy under realistic circumstances.

Development of a Scalable MMC Pulsed Power Supply through HIL Methodology

Nuclear fusion experiments are becoming one of the most interesting focuses of research, given the hope of generating programmable, safe, and green energy. Among them, ASDEX (axially symmetric divertor experiment) upgrade has been operating at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) research center since 1991. To ignite and confine the plasma, several coils must be supplied through controllable high-current pulsed power supplies. The toroidal field magnets are here considered and a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-like system was designed and tested thanks to a small-scale prototype in previous works. The MMC-like topology, consisting of full-bridge submodules (SMs) with IGBTs and supercapacitor and exploitable also for other industrial applications, was chosen because of its modularity, redundancy, fault tolerance, and large amount of stored energy. The prototype, made of four SMs, was necessary to highlight critical key points in the design process. However, its scalability must be further tested before building a full-scale power supply, meant to reach almost 2400 SMs to guarantee the energy required by the load. This paper aims at validating hardware-in-the-loop (a powerful, safe, and relatively inexpensive real-time simulation environment that enables testing with real control boards) as a useful technology for power supply scalability studies and not only for control strategy tests. The results obtained previously from the prototype will allow us to finally increase the number of SMs and test the MMC-like scalability.

The Analysis of DCDC BUCK Circuit based on Arduino

With the development of the times, digitally controlled power supplies are becoming the trend of today's DC power supplies. This paper details a step-down circuit with Mosfet switch controlled by Arduino. This power supply and DC-DC adopts advanced semiconductor technology and digital control technology, featuring small size, light weight, simple and easy adjustment, high efficiency, wide voltage range and complete shutdown of zero-point adjustment. First, this paper details the structure, principle, and many features of the Arduino platform. Second, this paper explains the principle of BOOST circuit for boost and BUCK circuit for buck with equations and structure diagrams, and presents real-life applications. By reading this article, beginners will have a basic understanding of the use of Arduino and know what the exact principles of this circuit are, as well as circuit design and software programming ideas.

Implementation of a Cascade Fault Tolerant Control and Fault Diagnosis Design for a Modular Power Supply

The main objective of this research work was to develop reliable and intelligent power sources for the future. To achieve this objective, a modular stand-alone solar energy-based direct current (DC) power supply was designed and implemented. The converter topology used is a two-stage interleaved boost converter, which is monitored in closed loop. The diagnosis method is based on analytic redundancy relations (ARRs) deduced from the bond graph (BG) model, which can be used to detect the failures of power switches, sensors, and discrete components such as the output capacitor. The proposed supervision scheme including a passive fault-tolerant cascade proportional integral sliding mode control (PI-SMC) for the two-stage boost converter connected to a solar panel is suitable for real applications. Most model-based diagnosis approaches for power converters typically deal with open circuit and short circuit faults, but the proposed method offers the advantage of detecting the failures of other vital components. Practical experiments on a newly designed and constructed prototype, along with simulations under PSIM software, confirm the efficiency of the control scheme and the successful recovery of a faulty stage by manual isolation. In future work, the automation of this reconfiguration task could be based on the successful simulation results of the diagnosis method.

A versatile power supply system for the central solenoid of the QUEST spherical tokamak

Here, a versatile power supply system, consisting of two current sources, insulated-gate bipolar transistor stacks, and a capacitor bank, is proposed for application in various operations of the QUEST spherical tokamak. The central solenoid coil in this system can carrying a maximum current and voltage of ±8 kA and ±375 V, respectively. In plasma start-up experiments based on ohmic heating through double flux swing, a plasma current of over 100 kA is stably obtained. Moreover, the feedback control of the thyristor power supply is utilized to control the plasma current, plasma shape, and position. The oscillating central-solenoid current applies a bipolar loop voltage at constant time intervals, and the capacitor bank discharge facilitates a co-axial helicity injection as well as amplifies the toroidal current.

The Improved X-ray Detector (iXRD) on Sharjah-Sat-1, design principles, tests and ground calibration

The iXRD is the primary science payload on Sharjah-Sat-1, a 3U CubeSat expected to be launched in Q4, 2022. Its main scientific goal is monitoring bright hard X-ray sources and transients in 20 - 200 keV band. The iXRD consists of a CdZnTe crystal (6.45 cm2 area, 5 mm thickness), a Tungsten collimator with square holes with an opening angle of 4.26∘, readout and control electronics and power supply circuitry, a back-shield and mechanical structures. Some of the design elements of iXRD have been inherited from the XRD on BeEagleSat with significant improvements in terms of collecting area, X-ray background and electronic noise. In this article, the design of the iXRD is discussed in detail taking into account mechanical, electronic, control software and data handling aspects. Its expected performance is determined after ground calibration. Depending on the pixel size, the energy resolution is 4 - 7 keV at 60 keV and the minimum detectable energy is 19 - 23 keV.

Control system of high-voltage pulse power supply for compact torus injector based on EPICS

The Compact Torus Injector (CTI) is a magnetic confinement fusion device feeding system, which injects the excited compact toroidal plasma into the target device at high speed, and controls the fuel injection and injection speed to achieve optimal control of the density pressure profile of the magnetic confinement fusion device. As the important subsystem of the CTI, the CTI High-Voltage Pulse Power Supply (HVPPS) system consists of five sets of power supply. This paper uses EPCIS as a development platform to design the control system of the CTI HVPPS which realizes timing sequential control, status detection, parameter setting and read-back status of the CTI power supplies with different communication interfaces and protocols. The discharge experiments are performed on the CTI. The experimental results prove that the control system meets the real-time control requirements of CTI devices for HVPPS. (Abstract)

Implementation of a dipole magnet power supply control system to improve magnetic field stability at the CSRe storage ring facility for precision mass measurement

Stable magnetic field is crucial for the precision experiments conducted at the heavy ion storage rings. Besides the current stability of the power supply, the magnetic field is also influenced by varying ambient factors such as temperatures. This paper proposed a dual-loop hysteresis control method to passively change the output current of the power supply according to the magnetic field monitored by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes. As a result, the long-term relative changes of magnetic field were reduced from dB/B≈5.75× 10−5 to 2.3 × 10−5 within three days.

Intelligent energy storage management trade-off system applied to Deep Learning predictions

The control of the electrical power supply is one of the key bases to reach the sustainable development goals set by United Nations. The achievement of these objectives encourages a dual strategy of creation and diffusion of renewable energies and other technologies of zero emission. Thus, meet the emerging necessities require, inevitably, a significant transformation of the building sector to improve the design of the electrical infrastructure. This improvement should be linked to advanced techniques that allows the identification of complex patterns in large amount of data, such as Deep Learning ones, in order to mitigate potential uncertainties. Accurate electricity and energy supply prediction models, in combination with storage systems will be reflected directly in efficiency improvements in buildings. In this paper, a branch of Deep Learning models, known as Standard Neural Networks, are used to predict electricity consumption and photovoltaic generation with the purpose of reduce the energy wasted, by managing the storage system using Reinforcement Learning technique. Specifically, Deep Reinforcement Learning is applied using the Deep Q-Learning agent. Furthermore, the accuracy of the predicted variables is measured by means of normalized Mean Bias Error (nMBE), and normalized Root Mean Squared Error (nRMSE). The methodologies developed are validated in an existing building, the School of Mining and Energy Engineering located on the Campus of the University of Vigo.

Research on Visual Inspection System of Distribution Network Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

The increasing data acquisition information in the distribution network brings new challenges to the monitoring and management of the distribution network. Therefore, this paper proposes a visual inspection system of a distribution network based on UAVs. The overall system hardware and UAV flight control power supply hardware are designed. The distance between the UAV and the obstacles is calculated by detecting the duration of laser signal reception. The visual inspection of the UAV obstacle avoidance power distribution network is carried out. The visible light, infrared, and laser data are fused, multi-source data are processed cooperatively, and the visual inspection information is collected and summarized. The test results show that the system has high efficiency and can provide accurate information for power system operators and managers in a relatively timely manner.

Cascaded multilevel inverter for vertical stabilization and radial control power supplies

This paper presents the analysis and topology selection for the power supplies of the two DTT equatorial in-vessel coils for plasma vertical stabilization and fast radial control. The physics requirements and assumptions are analyzed in order to identify the system specifications. Since the basic configuration with two independent power supply circuits is too vulnerable to fast plasma events as disruptions, a circuit configuration including both coils is introduced. Two successive solutions, with three or two power converters, are proposed to supply such a common circuit. The adopted topology, based on cascaded H-bridge converters with IGBTs, is simulated by means of a simplified circuital model, that also consider the plasma disruptions. The simulation results show that vertical stabilization and fast radial control functions can be simultaneously achieved with two identical power converters and a passive imbalance branch by using a specific current control scheme.

Techno-economic evaluation of electrocoagulation for cattle slaughterhouse wastewater treatment using aluminum electrodes in batch and continuous experiment

This study aimed to investigate, from a techno-economic point of view, cattle slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) treatment via the electrocoagulation (EC) technique. A novel lab-scale EC unit with a 3 L volume was manufactured and tested. The EC unit contains nine identical cylindrical shape electrodes from aluminum material in connection with a controllable DC power supply. Investigation of optimum operating parameters in terms of pH, current density (CD), contact time, and electrolyte concentration was carried out in batch mode and then applied to continuous mode. At each batch, a cost analysis was calculated in terms of the consumption of electrode material and electrical power. The optimum operating conditions at which the best removal efficiency was achieved were pH 7, contact time 75 min, total dissolved solids of 3000 mg L−1, and CD of 4 mA cm−2. After application of these conditions on continuous flow mode, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, color, turbidity, biological oxygen demand, and oil, grease were 95, 99, 99, 97 and 95%, respectively. The total electrode consumption and electrical consumptions were 0.6 kg m−3 and 0.87 kWh m−3 with an operational cost of about $1.5 m−3. This proved that EC is a techno-economically effective treatment method than other conventional treatment methods for high-rate removal of pollutants from CSWW.

A press-rotary triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvesting device for indoor IoT node power supply and smart home control

A press-rotary triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvesting device (PR-TEHD) is proposed to harvest micro-motion energy generated during manual press and rotation movements for IoT node powering and smart home control.

Regulation of feeding part of complex of vibroacoustic diagnostics of rotary units of rolling stock

The article deals with the study of parameters of power supply control systems for the position of non-disassembly vibroacoustic diagnostics of rotary units of rolling stock. It is assumed that the power sources transmit constant electricity to bring the traction motors of electric locomotives and electric trains into rotation with the required frequency at the position of non-disassembly diagnostics of bearings. Experiments were performed following the MatLab/Simulink software. Analytical methods are used to determine the parameters of traction motors of electric rolling stock according to the program and the parameters of the controlled part as the power factor of various power supply options. The energy indicators of electric traction motors of electric rolling stock were determined in tabular and analytical forms, controlled parameters with different power coefficients of power sources. Based on the assessment of the energy indicators of various power supply options, it is concluded that it is advisable to use a circuit with a pulse converter in the position of vibroacoustic diagnostics of rotary assemblies. A variant of an energy–efficient power supply for non-disassembled vibroacoustic diagnostics is proposed, including an uncontrolled semiconductor rectifier and a pulse converter executed on an IGBT transistor. A radical way to increase the power factor of the power supply is using pulse voltage regulation.

Smart Iot Based Solar Panel Cleaning System

The goal of this project is to make life better for people who use solar panels. We provide an open and honest dust- and speck-removal system that makes use of cutting-edge technology that has improved performance, honesty, uniformity, cost, and scalability. These days' cleaning systems provide roughly 32% greater power output than a dirty solar panel. The universe itself is the controller of this system. This technique also reduces the number of people needed to clean solar panels. This is a method for automatically washing solar panels. Manually washing the solar panels is a tedious and time-consuming task. In this study, we propose a timed system that uses water and wipers to clean solar panels. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is used to carry out the operation. microcontroller and several sensor modules will undoubtedly handle system management. The Android application may be used to control the system. The system sends the consumer a notification message informing them of the various processes that have been run. It’s possible that the system may be made transportable so that it can be deployed in a variety of settings. A 5V, 500mA controlled power supply is used in this project. For voltage regulation, the 78053 authority is used, which is incurable. The second 230V to 12V step down transformer’s AC output is rectified by a full-wave bridge rectifier.