Objectives: The primary objectives of this article encompass an in-depth exploration of Tashkent (Shosh) as a pivotal hub along the Great Silk Road, delving into its multifaceted roles in the socio-political, cultural, and spiritual realms of Central Asia. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the significant contributions made by Sufism representatives and scholars to the advancement of Islamic science. Furthermore, the objectives include examining the construction of urban structures, architectural marvels, mausoleums, mosques, and madrasahs in Tashkent during the XV-XVIII centuries. The article seeks to unravel the formation of a distinctive oriental school of Islamic architecture and conduct an analysis of the lifestyle of the local population based on historical sources.
 
 Methods: The chosen methodology involves a comprehensive investigation into historical records and sources to uncover valuable insights into the socio-political landscape of Turkestan at the close of the 19th century and the initial decades of the 20th century. The article employs a research approach to elucidate the Russian authorities' stance towards architectural monuments and religious shrines in Tashkent. It also incorporates a study of how Russian scientists and local researchers have delved into the history of cultural monuments. The methodology extends to a comparative analysis and addresses historiographical concerns related to the treatment of historical cultural objects. Moreover, the article explores issues surrounding the preservation of these objects and outlines measures for the development of pilgrimage tourism.
 
 Results: The findings of the research shed light on the multifaceted roles played by Tashkent in Central Asia's socio-political, cultural, and spiritual spheres. The article reveals the noteworthy contributions of Sufism representatives and scholars to the advancement of Islamic science. Additionally, the study unveils details about the construction of urban structures, architectural landmarks, mausoleums, mosques, and madrasahs during the XV-XVIII centuries. It presents insights into the formation of an exceptional oriental school of Islamic architecture and offers an analysis of the lifestyle of the local population based on historical sources. The examination of social and political life in Turkestan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, along with the Russian authorities' attitudes towards cultural monuments, forms a significant part of the results.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, the article consolidates the obtained insights and addresses historiographical concerns related to the treatment of historical cultural objects. It emphasizes the importance of preserving these cultural heritage sites and highlights measures for the development of pilgrimage tourism. The study concludes by underlining the integral role of Tashkent in Central Asian history, showcasing its cultural richness, and advocating for the continued appreciation and conservation of its architectural and historical treasures.