Contradictory Unity Research Articles

Cosmopolitanism as a Concept and a Social Phenomenon

<p>The article is devoted to cosmopolitanism as a concept and a social phenomenon. The authors believe that cosmopolitan ideas and mentality are a necessary manifestation of modern globalization processes. Cosmopolitanism as a pattern of public consciousness reflects the essential features of modern social processes. At the same time, the very idea of cosmopolitanism is contradictory, multifaceted, and therefore it cannot be considered only within the framework of categorical opposition "local - global". That is why this research is carried out dialectically: from the point of view of the contradictory unity of the cosmopolitanism's objective manifestations and the diverse interpretations of this phenomenon. Considering a wide range of approaches in studies of the cosmopolitanism phenomenon prevailing in modern social theory, the authors emphasize the need for its comprehensive philosophical interpretation. In addition, referring to the historical overview of cosmopolitan ideas, the authors come to the conclusion that further studies of cosmopolitanism should be based on an interdisciplinary approach. Particular attention in this article is paid to a couple of "cosmopolitanism" and "patriotism" categories. The main conclusion of the article is that it is cultural cosmopolitanism as a concept and social phenomenon that can clarify the essential contradictions in modern social processes.</p>

Суперечлива єдність економічної ефективності і соціальної справедливості як чинник функціонування та еволюції економічних систем

Суперечлива єдність економічної ефективності і соціальної справедливості як чинник функціонування та еволюції економічних систем

费尔巴哈“人本唯物主义”的本体悖论新探

马克思为厘清其“新世界观”与费尔巴哈“人本学”的关系，在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》这一思想笔记里对传统唯心主义与旧唯物主义进行了扬弃，而其中最值得关注的是这十一条论断所展示的本体论境领域，而辩证唯物主义正是在对其本体的批判与解救过程中实现对其新世界的催生。本文试从费尔巴哈人本唯物主义的本体论域出发，剖析费尔巴哈“新哲学”消解传统本体，从思辩唯心主义、宗教神学、纯粹唯物主义那里解救出感性本体，却又将其导致抽象重构、最终复归于旧哲学体系的过程，从而揭示费尔巴哈人本唯物主义哲学“不自觉”的感性本体的悖论，以及由此衍生的人本唯物主义体系——这一新与旧的矛盾统一体。 In order to clarify the relationship between “New World Outlook” and Feuerbach’s “Humanism”, Marx has abandoned the traditional idealism and the old materialism in the thought note of Feuerbach’s Outline. One of the most noteworthy is the field of ontology that this eleven argument shows, and dialectical materialism is the birth of its new world in the process of criticism and rescue of its ontology. This article tries to analyze Feuerbach’s “new philosophy” from the body of Feuerbach’s humanistic ontological domain, to solve the traditional ontology, from the think of idealism, religious theology, pure materialism where the rescue of the emotional ontology, but will which lead to the process of abstract reconstruction and finally to the process of the old philosophical system, thus revealing the paradox of the perceptual ontology of Feuerbach’s humanistic philosophy of “unconscious” and the humanism material system derived from it a new and old contradictory unity.

Geographies, Critical and Marxist, and Lessons from South Africa

Analysis in human geography has shown persistent tendencies of a pluralistic sort: a view of the world as the product of numerous independent and interacting forces. The advent of Marxist geography in the 1970s promised a path in a more totalizing direction. This emphasized the contradictory unity of the world, while placing production as the point both of departure and of return. The social process was conceived as a unity and its different moments as production relations. Society and space represented a further move in a pluralizing direction. Since then critical impulses in human geography have tended to be subordinated to that view. Critical human geography is a product of this. Engaging in research from the standpoint of one particular social moment – the institutional, the cultural and the discursive, among others – is emblematic. It is not enough, however, to criticize this by invoking the generalities of Marx's method. More convincing are actual empirical studies. In this paper I explore the case of South Africa prior to 1990 as a way of demonstrating how constructions of race, space, and gender, along with institutions must per necesita be interpreted as production relations and how this can shed light on particular geographies; a light, I will maintain, that is necessarily beyond the reach of critical human geography.

THE WORLD VIEW, IDENTITY AND SOCIOCULTUR HOMEOSTASIS

The paper presents the relationship between the phenomenon of world view and sociocultural identity both individuals and the community as a whole. The research is being carried out in the context of current crisis of world view accepted in so-called art Nouveau era. This paper also presents the identity crisis typical for modern civilized societies. A new notion of sociocultural homeostasis is introduced in connection with analyzable phenomena and their mutual relations. Purpose. Study of the relationship between the phenomenon of the world view and sociocultural identity as a structural and functional mechanism. Methodology. Phenomenological and systematic methods with the elements of historical method were employed. Cultural analysis is based on using both axiological and phenomenological approach, and also the elements of semiotic approach. Results. The dependence of identity on the world view is revealed (or is being revealed?), the phenomenon of sociocultural homeostasis is singled out (or is being singled out) in the capacity of the mechanism setting up the correspondence in the contradictory unity between the world view as a subjective image and concrete reality as an objective part of this contradictory. The analysis of sociocultural homeostasis is carried out (or is being carried out) and the conclusion is being drown that instability of the latter leads to serious problems in the identification of both individuals and communities as a whole. Besides, (moreover) the relationship between the legitimacy level of the world view and stability of sociocultural homeostasis is established. (is being established). Practical implications: the system of education.

Public administration and cyclical mechanisms socio-economic development

The article discusses the cyclical mechanisms of socio-economic development as one of kinds of natural cycles. The author notes that in all cases the basis of the self-oscillations are cyclical. And they are only possible with the constant influx of three resources - en-ergy, matter and information. On this basis, it is noted that the self-organization of co-herent structures, regardless of their Genesis, is due to intrinsically contradictory unity of two interacting types of resource flows - energy, matter and information – And-stream forming system, and the In-flow that will disrupt her. The cycle of development of sys-tems consists of two components: one that describes the development of a system with positive saturation, according to a logistic law (A>B); and another describing the devel-opment of the system with negative saturation (<A), which also occurs according to the logistic law. In all cases, the process is directed to A=B. Any development of social sys-tems can be divided into several types, among which are the following: 1) the conformal cycle (self-similar) development is dynamic - equilibrium state; 2) the evolutionary cycle of revolutions; 3) the evolutionary cycle of disasters. The author also considers the peculiarities of external influence on state control of economies by the countries-leaders who have the ability to regulate access to resources - energy, matter and information.

Some Newly Emergent Geographies of Injustice: Boundaries and Borders in International Law

This conversation examines the relationship between the boundaries and borders in international law and the production of geographies of injustice through the lens of the colonial epistemologies, especially of private international law in the face of mass social disasters like the archetypal Bhopal catastrophe. I also address the languages and logics of coloniality and postcoloniality, as states of consciousness and social organization, under the complex and contradictory unity of neoliberalism.

Discursive Practices in Cooperative Structures

The article reveals a system-forming role of verbal communications in the economic organization of society, based on cooperative relationships. The authors identify the limits in the use of individualistic methodology in the problems of economic organizations. The approach to organization analysis is implemented in the light of contradictory unity of cooperation and competition. In the context of delimiting the functional and discursive domains of collective production, the article brings to light the nature of basic institutional forms which regulates production and exchange in the public economy.

INTEGRAÇÃO DISCIPLINAR E TOTALIDADE: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE A INTERDISCIPLINA E A DIALÉTICA

A proposta interdisciplinar deste trabalho se funda nas bases ontológicas constitutivas do ser social, em seu devir histórico, colocando a questão para além da filosofia do sujeito. Não se trata de interdisciplinar por uma metodologia dialética, mas interdisciplinar a partir da natureza dialética da realidade. A divisão disciplinar da ciência revela um particular modo de visualizar a totalidade dos plexos relacionais da realidade. A disciplina racionaliza, fragmenta. A partir dos fragmentos representativos fundam-se as teses, as proposições: nascem os discursos científicos. Mas a efervescência da realidade teima em não se conter na ordem estabelecida pela ciência. A faticidade do real, com suas conexões, seus antagonismos, estabelece constante e erraticamente novas formas de objetivação que não se acomodam nas raias estreitas e estáticas dos ramos científicos. É sobre esse ponto de inflexão que a dialética pode contribuir para o avanço interdisciplinar, descortinando as nuanças do real, sua unidade concreta e contraditória.INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE; DIALÉTICA; TOTALIDADE

Althusser’s Materialist Theater: Ideology and Its Aporias

This essay offers a rejoinder to Balibar’s reconstruction of Althusser’s thought. The author analyzes Balibar’s reading by attending to its formal protocols and substantive arguments, especially the transposition of the aporias in Althusser’s theoretical formulations, moving from a politics of theater to a theatrical politics. Building on the movement Balibar traces on how the problematic of ideology is successively transformed through a series of décalages over a longitudinal view of Althusser’s oeuvre, this essay proposes another décalage in light of the posthumously published writings. Offering a reading of Althusser’s theory of ideology from the perspective of aleatory materialism, the essay calls attention to the radical instability of structures and the role of struggle in social reproduction that is otherwise hidden from view. The author also extrapolates a new conception of subjectivity, a theory of “bad subjects,” that attempts to address the aporias of interpellation by making room for disobedience and resistance. The essay develops the idea of a layered subjectivity based on the overdetermined effect of contingently sequenced subjectivations and countersubjectivations that result from interpellating encounters, and it theorizes disobedience as the becoming-dominant of countersubjectivations within each singular subjectivity understood as a contradictory unity. The essay contends that aleatory materialism puts forth the field of subjectivity as a theater within theater, designating it as the site of revolutionary politics today.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ НАУКОВО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ПОСТІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The paper deals with the inquiry on a theoretical problem of national economy transformation against the background of comprehensive informatization, which affects directly its basic relations – relations in persistent technological development regulation, which in the end conclude to postulate, forms and structural displacement alternation. Theoretical and methodological analysis of relations in a category “evolution” through the prism of post-industrial society concept allows reconsidering the new realities regarding the technical development and also to emphasize the determinants of further intellectual activity of human capital. There was given the definition of the intellectual activity, which constitutes a supraliminal ability to gather, accumulate and process constantly growing information flows, based on knowledge and attainments, and was determined its role as well. An approach to the analysis of the economic processes from the position of contradictory unity of the science and technology progress and the competition as different, however mutually conditioned systems of the economic activity exchange and coordination, has fundamental theoretic-methodological significance.

A Mestizo of the Mind: Maodun in the Writings of Octavio Paz

In his Labyrinth of Solitude, Octavio Paz describes pachuco as word of uncertain derivation, nothing and everything. It is a strange word with no definite meaning; or, to be more exact, is charged like all popular creations with a diversity of meanings (Labyrinth 14). Paz tells us, lost his whole inheritance: language, religion, customs, beliefs. He is left with only a body and a soul with which to confront elements, defenseless against stares of everyone. His disguise is a protection, but also differentiates and isolates him: hides him and points him out (15). The logic of saying nothing and everything, and of pachuco's disguise that both hides him and points him out is precisely logic of non-contradictory opposites, logic of maodun. Another example of maodun, ontological as well as epistemological, is Paz's analysis of pachuco fashion: pachuco carries fashion to its ultimate consequences and turns into something aesthetic. One of principles that rules in North American fashions is that clothing must be comfortable, and pachuco, by changing ordinary apparel into art, makes 'impractical.' Hence negates very principles of model that inspired it (15). Negating very principle of its inspiration involves irony of self-contradiction, or maodun. This co-efficient of self-contradiction, which logic persuades us is not possible--that one is and is not at same time refers to a pervasive phenomena in life and in human nature. Maodun involves self-contradiction. It entails two opposite yet complementary, rather than mutually exclusive, categories. In a paper presented in 2000, and published in 2002,2 I wrote that Contemporary China illustrates neither modernism nor postmodernism, but rather a maodun-ism far more fascinating (and original) than cultured pearls that are being so assiduously cultivated in chimerical fever of post-modernism. (Eoyang, A Cross-Cultural Perspective 131) In another paper I have developed notion of maodun or maodunism not as contradiction, as is usually rendered, but as and as a contradictory unity. (3) I suggested that the study of postmodernism is now, seems to me, an exhausted endeavor; analyses of post-modernism have also become stale and arid. What I would like to see is start of a much more fecund and fascinating field: study of maodunism! (Eoyang, Of 'Invincible Spears' 57). This paper provides a study of maodunism in Octavio Paz, Mexican writer who won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1990. It traces suprarational truth that unifies paradoxical (Bertens 36 [quoting Wasson]). It is belief that reconcilable rather than irreconcilable opposites prevail in world that marks modern maodunist. One of implications that study of maodunists among modern or postmodern writers might provoke would entail a revamping of traditional notions of what is real in life; that, contrary to empiricists--logical or pragmatic--the essence of life is precisely illogical, or, more familiarly, psychological and human. What I propose to illustrate in this paper is homology between, on one hand, an ontology of maodun, manifest in concepts of hybridity, racial mixing, and dual identities, and, on other, an epistemology of maodun, reflected in cast of mind that entertains non-contradictory opposites, complementary dualities, and dialectical harmonies. I will elide considerable commentary on from scholars like Homi Bhabha and Paul Gilroy, in favor of Paz's own reminders that tradition of mestizo is long standing, and dates from centuries before Conquistadors. Indeed, as Michael Palencia-Roth has stated, hybridity or mestizaje has been part of Latin American reality since about 1496, when Spanish crown advocated as part of colonizing process. …

COMMUNITY AND THE MARKET IN MICHAEL POLANYI'S PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

The chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi (1891–1976) is today recognized as one of the most important twentieth-century thinkers about scientific knowledge and scientific community. Yet Polanyi's philosophy of science exhibits an unresolved tension between science as a traditional community and science as an intellectual marketplace. Binding together these different models was important for his overall intellectual and political project, which was a defense of bourgeois liberal order. His philosophy of science and his economic thought were mutually supporting elements within this political project. Polanyi's intellectual corpus formed a contradictory unity, the tensions within which were manageable only under particular historical conditions. His attempt to hold together traditional authority and the free market fit with, and derived plausibility from, the social conditions under which his philosophical work came to maturity: Keynesian class compromise and surviving habits of social deference within postwar Britain.

Method of Economic Duality

The position of the method of economic duality in economic science is obviously paradoxical. On one side, this method is used by scientists for more than two and a half thousand years (starting from Aristotle): modern economic science has been built at a considerable degree with its help. On the other side, it is not acknowledged in economic science and even is not formally defined. As a specific method used only by economic science it is based on the fact that economic phenomena of market economy have dual structure. All economic phenomena are different expressions of labor inputs of commodity producers. But this labor, as is known, has dual nature and is determined as contradictory unity of concrete and abstract labor. Objective connection between labor structure and structure of economic phenomena appears to be the basic structural regularity of market economy. Usage of the given regularity in economic analysis is the essence of the method of economic duality allowing to reveal complicated and contradictory structure of economic phenomena and processes.

The Resources of Poverty: Women and Survival in a Mexican City

1. The Resources of Poverty. Urban Households, Survival and Reproduction. 2. Guadalajara and Working-Class Households. Characteristics and Differences. 3. The Domestic Cycle. 4. Patterns of Consumption. 5. The Household: A Contradictory Unity. 6. Working-Class Women in Guadalajara. 7. Single-Parent Households. 8. The Penalties of Social Isolation. 9. Self-Construction, Self-Urbanization: Political Cooptation.

History and Eastern Europe

The Institute for Human Sciences (Institut fur die Wissenschaften vom Menschen) was founded in Vienna in 1982 by a group of scholars from Eastern Europe and the West. The purpose of the Institute was to overcome the cultural and intellectual division of Europe by promoting conferences, seminars and research programmes. The latest report of the Institute stresses that the disappearance of the Iron Curtain has made the work of the Institute all the more important. As the authors of the report explain, ‘…the civil society which is reemerging in Eastern Europe will hardly be viable without living connections to the West and, equally, the Western world will be much poorer without the historical experiences of the East. The Institut fur die Wissenschaften vom Menschen views itself as a place where the experiences and perspectives of Eastern Europeans can be (re-) introduced into the Western discussion as a means of rousing, changing and broadening Western culture. Europe should be seen as a challenge: as a manifold, but also contradictory, intellectual and cultural unity.’

Neoliberalism and the recomposition of Finance Capital in Canada

Carroll considers the historical recomposition of the contradictory unity of productive and money capital during the crisis of Fordism. The case study of the changing structure of Canadian finance capital traces the rise of business activity in Canada as distinct from the form it has taken in the us and the UK.

“Sermons in Stones”: The Return to Nature in Tess of the d’Urbervilles

“ S E R M O N S IN S T O N E S ” : T H E R E T U R N T O N A T U R E IN T E S S O F T H E D ’ U R B E R V IL L E S G. GLEN WICKENS Bishop’s University E v e n within a corpus of texts as large as the nineteenth-century English novel, we would be hard pressed to find a more polyphonic work than Tess of the d’ Urbervilles (1891). With its conflicting voices and constantly shifting perspectives, Tess clearly belongs to what Mikhail Bakhtin sees as the second and most important line of the novel’s development. A novel in this tradition must represent the plurality of its era’s languages or ideological voices, bring­ ing them into a unity that is not logical and semantic but paradoxical and purely stylistic: a “ heteroglot” or “contradictory unity.” 1 Expecting the narrator of Tess to be self-consistent, critics have heard con­ fusion rather than complexity in the unadjusted impressions of a voice that reflects and refracts the “views of life prevalent at the end of the nineteenth century.” 2 Furthermore, “ the confusion is not merely in the abstractable philo­ sophical content of the novel, but inextricably woven into its verbal texture.” 3 The assumption here is precisely what the study of intertextuality seeks to discredit: that a text is “ an autonomous artifact which harmoniously recon­ ciles the possible attitudes towards a given problem,” rather than “ a dialogue with other texts.” 4 The lack of thematic unity in Tess, most apparent in its “ exploration of a number of ideologies of nature,” 5 is very much an intertextual matter. The narrator’s words about his object, the theme of nature, are inevitably entangled in someone else’s discourse about it, and always directed at the anticipated answer of the listener or reader whose apperceptive back­ ground, like the author’s, is made up of contradictory utterances on the same theme. The identity of the novel depends not on the exclusion of a “commentary which belongs to another order of discourse,” 6but on the way different modes of discourse are displayed and juxtaposed. If some discourse (s) anterior to the novel forms the background necessary for the author’s or narrator’s voice to sound, his words, in turn, create the context or frame necessary for a character’s speech to be heard. In both cases, we have not just speech within speech but discourse about discourse. In Tess, Hardy introduces a literary man, Angel Clare, to foreground a E n g l is h S t u d ie s in C a n a d a , x iv , 2, June 1988 critique of literary discourse as such. Present in many major novels, this type of character “ looks at life through the eyes of literature and . . . tries to live ‘according to literature’ ” (D I 413). By examining the intertextual dialogue in one of Angel’s excursions at Talbothays, we may begin to hear something other than confusion in Hardy’s treatment of nature. After living in London, Angel, who praises “pastoral life in ancient Greece” (179), returns to his native county and selects Talbothays dairy as a place to start a career in agriculture. Whatever his practical aims might be, his under­ lying motivation makes him, like every character in Tess, not so much an individual as an ideologue, “ a sample product of the last five-and-twenty years” (369). The emotional price of his intellectual liberty is a variant of Tess’s “ache of modernism,” “ feelings,” as the narrator says, “which might almost have been called those of the age” (177). The “ chronic melancholy” that accompanies the “decline of belief in a beneficent power” (169) impels Angel to seek in nature what he can no longer find in the “ old systems of mysticism” (462). In a scene that literally shows the “difficulties of passage” (202) that Tess and her pagan friends experience one “ Sun’s-day” (201) morning on their way to Church, Hardy also suggests that Angel’s transition from his Evan­ gelical upbringing to his avowed...

Negation of the Negation in Logical and Historical Analysis

The law of negation of the negation as it appears in the economic writings of Marx in general, and in Capital in particular, has repeatedly been treated in our philosophical literature in one way or another. (1) To this day, however, as judged from the literature, attention has not been directed to the principle of negation of the negation as it is manifested not only in Marx's historical but also in his logical analysis. Negation of the negation has been examined primarily as a form of expression of historical analysis (the spiral form of motion of capital in the course of extended reproduction, the development of forms of property in the implements and means of production, the dialectics of the contradictory unity of industry and agriculture, and of mental and physical labor). In the present article the emphasis is upon negation of the negation in logical analysis, upon the function of this principle considered as form of motion dealt with by historical analysis. All the examples of negation of the nega...

A clinical consideration of psychopathic personalities.

The concept of psychopathic personality in this presentation stresses a disorder of personality development. In these patients one finds a poorly organized personality with contradictory strivings, lacking consistency and unity in experiencing and acting. Disturbances of organization may be noticed in any phase of personality development but for various reasons they are most noticeable in adolescence and adult life. In this concept of personality organization and its disorders, psychologic, physiologic, and social aspects are considered but none of them is made the basic issue. The organization of the personality may be too loose or too rigid. In the too rigid organization, we find unbending persons with, or without, projection. In these persons certain personality features may be exaggerated and adaptation to the demands of life might be difficult. This discussion will be limited to the loosely organized personality with its features of immaturity, dependency and inadequacy, impulsiveness, aggressiveness, and inappropriate control of drives and desires.