Abstract
<p>The article is devoted to cosmopolitanism as a concept and a social phenomenon. The authors believe that cosmopolitan ideas and mentality are a necessary manifestation of modern globalization processes. Cosmopolitanism as a pattern of public consciousness reflects the essential features of modern social processes. At the same time, the very idea of cosmopolitanism is contradictory, multifaceted, and therefore it cannot be considered only within the framework of categorical opposition "local - global". That is why this research is carried out dialectically: from the point of view of the contradictory unity of the cosmopolitanism's objective manifestations and the diverse interpretations of this phenomenon. Considering a wide range of approaches in studies of the cosmopolitanism phenomenon prevailing in modern social theory, the authors emphasize the need for its comprehensive philosophical interpretation. In addition, referring to the historical overview of cosmopolitan ideas, the authors come to the conclusion that further studies of cosmopolitanism should be based on an interdisciplinary approach. Particular attention in this article is paid to a couple of "cosmopolitanism" and "patriotism" categories. The main conclusion of the article is that it is cultural cosmopolitanism as a concept and social phenomenon that can clarify the essential contradictions in modern social processes.</p>
Highlights
At the turn of the 20th and 2st centuries, interest in the problem of cosmopolitanism sharply increased in connection with the development of globalization, the intensification of migration processes, and the end of the Cold War
Cosmopolitanism can be regarded as possessing narcissistic traits: identity is constructed in a space where cultures reflect one another (Hannerz, 1990)
If starting from antiquity and until recently, cosmopolitan ideas developed within the framework of moral and political theories, today cosmopolitanism is beginning to be considered as an "ideological construct", and a phenomenon rooted in social reality itself (Delanty, 2006; Beck, 2003)
Summary
At the turn of the 20th and 2st centuries, interest in the problem of cosmopolitanism sharply increased in connection with the development of globalization, the intensification of migration processes, and the end of the Cold War. Professor of Political Sociology at the University of Sussex Luke Martell (2011) emphasizes the need to take into account the various dimensions of cosmopolitanism for a holistic interpretation of the latter and analyzes its various manifestations. In his opinion, cosmopolitanism includes such varieties as normative, philosophical, sociocultural, political and material. Martell sees a contradiction rooted in opposition to material interests in the world as the most important factor hindering its full implementation Recognizing his skepticism in assessing cosmopolitanism as an integral phenomenon, the author is positive in assessing its social and political philosophy. Such a phenomenological representation leads the author to the following conclusion: its interpretation assumes a cosmopolitan justice without a cosmopolitan policy, and cosmopolitan goals without cosmopolitan means (Martell, 2011)
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