Contradictory Relationship Research Articles

The self-willed child - Basic needs and education in post-mythic times •

AbstractFrom the beginning of its existence, the child is articulating an unconditional claim to life. Even in the post-mythic era, or rather in the myth-critical world of the modern age, education is confronted with the difficult task of responding to this claim - but now without the possibility of being able to legitimise its interventions and actions by appealing to an unquestionably absolute authority. First of all, this means questioning the coercion that is primordially inscribed in education.May parents, may teachers, may educators force the compliance of the self-willed child? All guardians of a supposedly true and unconditional social order will answer the question with “yes”. For even since antiquity, human beings have been granted free will, but this - according to the great Church teacher Augustine in the 5th century - is “not always good”. For this reason, education was, and to some extent still is, a project to replace the “bad” self-will with a will that was as fully “good” as possible, or an attempt to at least neutralise or tame the bad parts of the will. In the case of success, so the anxious hope of education, the child can protect itself as well as the community into which it is born from “evil” and from sinful misfortune.Since the rebellious discourse of the dignity of man, one cannot avoid including the child, even the wayward one, in the circle of dignity. As in politics, so also in education, dealing with resistance and “deviants” shows the real meaning of values such as freedom, justice, codecision, public spirit and the protection of life. The question is how the values are anthropologically justified, normatively interpreted and practically concretised. In more recent times, i.e. in the modern age that is far removed from God and critical of myths, this poses a particular challenge. Now, the legitimisation of education in general, as well as its moments of coercion in particular, can no longer be justified with a “Higher Will” as it was centuries ago. Coercion inevitably emanates from the authoritative counterpart of the child, from the holder of the “educational power” - as a spontaneous action of responsible adults as well as in the form of a longer-term and planned effort on the part of socially legitimised authorities.This study attempts to provide food for thought from historical, conceptual-systematic, various theoretical and practical perspectives regarding the “eternal” question of the inherently contradictory relationship between child and educator or between individual and community/society. In the post-mythic era, according to the thesis, there is a need for a constant dialogue effort based on agreement in the sense of an authentic culture of responsive communication. According to its intention, it establishes a creative space of claim and response in which every human being has a right to a voice and a hearing. In this endeavour, the child to be educated must be included as a relevant co-creator of his or her educational process, if he or she is not to be made a mere object of foreign ambitions and demands. For the possibility of an education that respects human dignity and is resolutely oriented towards universal values is ultimately dependent on the free consent of the child and the later adult.

Cities back to the river: the neglect of urban PPAs in the Cuiabá River Valley Metropolitan Region - RMVRC/MT

This research studied the process of irregular urban occupations that occurred along the Cuiabá River Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), as a key to understand its importance for urban sustainability. Its objective was to study the dynamics and socio-environmental impacts resulting from irregular occupations along the banks of the river that cuts through the two largest cities in the Metropolitan Region of the Cuiabá River Valley - RMVRC/MT, the state capital Cuiabá, and Várzea Grande. Considering that this river is responsible for the water supply of both cities, and a Pantanal Mato-Grossense affluent, which have a fundamental relevance for the local and regional ecosystem, it became important to identify the contradictory relationships between socio-environmental issues and the application and surveillance of urban legislation, by mapping the APPs, in order to verify the degradation of the Cuiabá River. The methodology was based on bibliographic, documental and empirical research. The results showed the importance of its continuity in new research, and may also subsidize decision-making processes, formulation of urban and environmental legislation, public policies aimed at socio-environmental protection of vulnerable areas, relevant to improving the quality of life and the environment.

The Mode of Reflexive Practice among Young Indonesian Creative Workers in the Time of COVID-19.

This article examines reflexive practice among young creative workers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, during COVID-19. Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a series of relentless and overlapping crises across the Indonesian archipelago. In urban centres across Indonesia, the arts and creative sectors are among the key economic sectors severely afflicted by the pandemic. COVID-19 implies a lot more than the loss of income and livelihoods. Mobility restrictions, gig cancellations, venue closures, all entail the loss of connections, opportunities, and creative outlets. Yet despite such uncertain conditions, young creative workers remain reflexively creative in order to survive in everyday life. Building upon interviews and focus-group discussions with young creative workers in Yogyakarta, we found three modes of temporality-based reflexive practice: waiting, doing something and re-learning, which represent young creative workers' active responses manifested in the practical and contradictory relationship to the diverse possibilities within hierarchical and heterogenous cultural fields in a pandemic era characterised by regular ruptures. The analysis of the data below contributes to the literature on reflexivity and habitus among young creative workers in a time of pandemic.

‘They Cannot Herd a Sheep’ Populist Politics and Its Struggles for and Against Education in Turkey

ABSTRACT Instruments of direct suppression and tight control are widely discussed parts of education politics in Turkey. They are often perceived as parts of a wider political struggle that is crucial to produce imaginaries and memories supporting the populist narrative of the ruling AKP. The important role of higher education in the reproduction of a professional labour force does, however, indicate that these instruments cannot be reduced to that function. Ideological objectives and economic interests are often in a contradictory relationship, hindering the AKP’s ability to formulate a coherent strategy for higher education. Analysing the contradictions of the AKP’s higher education policies offers significant insights into the limits of populist politics that are in conflict with aspects of the economic order.

Exploring the coupling coordination and key factors between urbanization and land use efficiency in ecologically sensitive areas: A case study of the Loess Plateau, China

• Exploring the coordination characteristics of UR and ULUE based on CCD model and GWR model. • Constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system of urbanization and land use efficiency. • Analyzing the multi-level key factors of CCD between UR and ULUE in the Loess Plateau. • Providing a case study for urban planning and urban large-scale construction engineering in ecologically sensitive areas. With the acceleration of rapid urbanization and industrialization, the contradictory relationship between urbanization construction and urban land use becomes increasingly prominent. Exploring the complex dynamic relationship between urbanization (UR) and urban land use efficiency (ULUE) is conductive to new-type urbanization construction and ecological environment protection. The urbanization subsystem consists of four aspects, including demographic urbanization, economic urbanization, spatial urbanization, and social urbanization. ULUE was measured by SBM model, the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) and geographically weighted regression model (GWRM) were adopted to explore the CCD and its spatial effect of thirty-nine cities in the Loess Plateau from 2010 to 2019. The empirical results showed that there was a significant imbalanced development difference of CCD between UR and ULUE, the comprehensive development of urbanization subsystem lags the urban land use efficiency subsystem, and the hot spots are concentrated in the northwest areas and the cold spots are concentrated in the south areas. Additionally, urban carbon emission, population density, and total fixed asset investment have significant negative spatial effects on CCD, urban road construction has positive spatial impact on CCD. These findings and conclusions can provide decision-making information reference for urban planning and urban large-scale construction engineering in ecologically sensitive areas.

Making agency work: two labour regimes in a UK logistics workplace

An expanded use of agency workers has followed a series of economic shocks in the UK since the 2008 financial crisis. Agency workers, unlike permanent workers, comprise a wide range of workers without regular, secure and long-term employment relations. In this article we examine the inherently contradictory employment relationship embodied by agency workers, namely employers’ wish to stabilise and make the workforce more predictable by bringing in agency workers under insecure and unstable employment terms. Based on a significant single case study of a distribution centre, the study compares two agency work regimes: one with systematic screening and employment of pre-formed workers, and the other with strong normative control over fragmented under-formed workers. The study details management strategies aimed to improve workforce stability in the more fragmented agency worker regime by bringing an employment intermediatory on-site, building coherency between the permanent and agency workers, and restraining the supervisor’s power of dismissal. These findings problematise framing agency employment based on an assumption of continuous and selective inflow of migrant workers. Rather, contrasting agency worker regimes demonstrates contested employment relations between an increasingly diverse group of agency workers and an employer seeking to instigate predictability and coherency in agency employment.

조선족 서사 『옥화』와 <두만강>의 환대(hospitality) 의식 분석

This article examines the aspects of hospitality in their works by narrative analysis of the works of Korean-Chinese artists. In China and Korea, Geum-hee and Jang Yul, who would have considered the national identity as a Korean-Chinese, the other consciousness and hospitality more fiercely than anyone else, present their views and thoughts on hospitality to Korean society through their works. To examine this, I would like to borrow a discussion on the contradictory relationship between unconditional hospitality and conditional hospitality by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. Geum-hee's novel “Okhwa” shows that conditional hospitality, which is considered inferior to unconditional hospitality and must be overcome in the process of advancing to unconditional hospitality, is in fact inseparable from unconditional hospitality and can play a role in leading the subject. In Jang Yul's “Duman River”, you can think about the ethical problem of hospitality in which women's lives and pain are guaranteed in realizing unconditional hospitality.

Evaluation method of optimal load capacity of distribution network

To address the problems that current evaluation method about operation efficiency of distribution system fails to fully consider contradictory relationship between utilization economy and operation economy, this paper proposes an optimal load capacity (OLC) evaluation method for distribution network. Firstly, the measurement method of operation economy of distribution equipment is proposed, and then operation efficiency of distribution system is established by comprehensively considering utilization economy, operation economy, supply voltage quality and supply reliability. The effectiveness of evaluation method is verified in a distribution system.

Vaginal microbiota networks as a mechanistic predictor of aerobic vaginitis.

Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a complex vaginal dysbiosis that is thought to be caused by the micro-ecological change of the vaginal microbiota. While most studies have focused on how changes in the abundance of individual microbes are associated with the emergence of AV, we still do not have a complete mechanistic atlas of the microbe-AV link. Network modeling is central to understanding the structure and function of any microbial community assembly. By encapsulating the abundance of microbes as nodes and ecological interactions among microbes as edges, microbial networks can reveal how each microbe functions and how one microbe cooperate or compete with other microbes to mediate the dynamics of microbial communities. However, existing approaches can only estimate either the strength of microbe-microbe link or the direction of this link, failing to capture full topological characteristics of a network, especially from high-dimensional microbial data. We combine allometry scaling law and evolutionary game theory to derive a functional graph theory that can characterize bidirectional, signed, and weighted interaction networks from any data domain. We apply our theory to characterize the causal interdependence between microbial interactions and AV. From functional networks arising from different functional modules, we find that, as the only favorable genus from Firmicutes among all identified genera, the role of Lactobacillus in maintaining vaginal microbial symbiosis is enabled by upregulation from other microbes, rather than through any intrinsic capacity. Among Lactobacillus species, the proportion of L. crispatus to L. iners is positively associated with more healthy acid vaginal ecosystems. In a less healthy alkaline ecosystem, L. crispatus establishes a contradictory relationship with other microbes, leading to population decrease relative to L. iners. We identify topological changes of vaginal microbiota networks when the menstrual cycle of women changes from the follicular to luteal phases. Our network tool provides a mechanistic approach to disentangle the internal workings of the microbiota assembly and predict its causal relationships with human diseases including AV.

Microstructure and photoluminescence properties of Er3+/LaBiO3 co-modified (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 transparent textured ceramics via tape-casting method

A trade-off contradictory relationship between texturization and optical transparency exists in ferroelectric ceramics, so to achieve transparency in textured ferroelectrics is quite difficult. Here, Er3+ and LaBiO3 co-modified (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (1Er-KNN-yLB) transparent textured ceramics were successfully prepared by the tape-casting method. Doping of LaBiO3 enables the textured ceramics to exhibit excellent up-conversion photoluminescence properties, and the red emission is significantly improved. Meanwhile, with certain amount of LB content, the textured ceramics show nanoscale grains and approaching pseudo-cubic phase, resulting in high density and obvious relaxor-like behavior. This result indicates high local symmetry and less light scattering centers within the textured ceramics, finally bringing about enhanced optical transparency, with the highest transmittance of ∼ 39% in the visible region at y = 0.025. Additionally, the observable piezoelectric and ferroelectric performances were obtained. These multifunctional properties endow KNN-based textured ceramics with promising application prospects in optoelectronic devices.

Influences of area-level sociodemographic factors on heat-related mortality in Europe: insights to guide adaptation strategies

BackgroundEurope is the world region most affected by heat-attributable mortality, but impact patterns are heterogenous. We aimed to assess the contributions to this heterogeneity of four area-level predictors (education, life expectancy, the ratio of older to younger people [ageing index], and relative income) to identify general adaptation strategies. MethodsWe extracted four outcomes from a heat-mortality study covering 147 areas in 16 European countries: the rate of increase in risk at (1) moderate and (2) extreme temperatures, (3) the minimum mortality percentile, and (4) the underlying mortality rate. We used structural equation modelling to quantify the direct and indirect associations between the predictors and outcomes, accounting for country-level random effects. FindingsHigher levels of education (compared with lower levels) were directly associated with lower heat-related mortality burdens via reduced risk at moderate and extreme temperatures, and lower underlying mortality rates. However, it had ambiguous indirect associations with heat-related mortality burden through positive associations with life expectancy, ageing index, and relative income. Higher life expectancy (compared with lower life expectancy) had contradictory relations with the mortality burden, being associated with higher risk at moderate temperatures but lower underlying mortality rates. A higher ageing index (compared with a lower index) was associated with higher burdens through higher risk at extreme temperatures and higher underlying mortality rates. Relative income made a small and ambiguous contribution. The relative magnitudes of the county-level random effects suggested innate human physiology had a major role in risk at extreme temperatures but that addressing modifiable sociomaterial conditions might reduce the burden via influence on risk at moderate temperatures and the underlying mortality burden. InterpretationOur findings support three general adaptation strategies, showing the need for both general social transformation and focused climate-specific interventions: (1) general social strategies to improve health and reduce underlying mortality, (2) targeted social interventions to address factors instilling patterns of vulnerability at moderate temperatures, and (3) specific actions during extreme temperatures. FundingThe EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 865564 European Research Council Consolidator Grant EARLY-ADAPT).

The High-Speed Digital Nomads Trapped in the System: Food Delivery Workers of Meituan

This article studies the temporality of platform labor through the specific lens of Meituan, the leading food delivery platform in China featuring an algorithm-driven dispatch system. This paper widens the existing research on platform labor from the perspective of time and speed. The on-demand food delivery service cultivates consumers’ expectations of timely satisfaction, nonetheless, it builds upon the rush, strictness, and flexibility of digital labor’s temporality which is often called a “mission impossible at times”. With the rhetoric of ‘Flexible work hours,’ the platform acts as an intermediary in the contradictory costumer-rider temporal relationship and prioritizes the customer's position within the temporal orders, where ICTs such as real-time tracking systems play a key role in sense-making. As the article will show, Meituan’s ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) algorithm distributes the common interests of efficiency with the "invisible hand of value," in the quaternary relation between riders, customers, suppliers, and platform. While workers' time experience and negotiating ability are diminished, the platform gains the ultimate capacity to exploit platform labor systematically. The coordination of all platform algorithms normalizes class divisions and unequal power structures, interpreting the asymmetrical power between capital and labor in the platform economy.

MOTIVATION OF FARMER GROUP MEMBERS IN CULTIVATING ORGANIC VEGETABLES

The increasing demand for organic vegetables is a business opportunity. Organic farmer groups use this opportunity to supply organic vegetables in the Yogyakarta area. This study aims to determine farmers' motivation level in organic vegetable cultivation and the relationship between internal and external factors with farmer motivation. This research is descriptive. The study focused on the Tranggula Farmers Group and the Merapi Organic Farmers Group as farmer groups that supply organic vegetables in several supermarkets in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The analysis method uses class intervals and Spearman correlation. The motivations in this study include economic, social, and self-actualization motivations. The results showed that farmers' motivation for actualization is a priority in cultivating organic vegetables. There are 63.3% of farmers who have very high actualization motivation, 26.7% of farmers who have very high social motivation, and 16.7% of farmers who have a very high economic motivation. Farmers' motivation level in organic vegetable cultivation is in the high category of 60% and very high at 40%. The experience of farmers has a weak and contradictory relationship with the motivation of farmers to cultivate organic vegetables. Meanwhile, other internal factors, namely age, education, and external factors consisting of the provision of production facilities, assistance, and market guarantees, have no relationship with the motivation of farmers to cultivate organic vegetables.

"Market Integration and Seasonal Prices of Paddy: An Economic Analysis"

To frame an inclusive agricultural policy, analysis of price and market arrivals overtime is essential. Variations in market arrivals mainly leads to price instability. Such study is beneficial for farmers in demand to select the appropriate time to sell their farm produce to get best economic profits. On this sight the present study was undertaken to examine the seasonality and market integration of Paddy in Gadchiroli District of Maharashtra. The secondary data were collected for a period of 15 years from 2006 to 2020. Data were analysed using simple tabular analytical tools and functional analysis approaches. The data showed a highest seasonal indices of arrivals in the month of January and lowest in month of August in Chamorshi and Gadchiroli markets, respectively. In terms of paddy price, the highest and lowest seasonal indices of prices were seen in the months of July and March in Chamorshi market where as in the months of September and March in Gadchiroli market. Contradictory relationship between arrival and prices was witnessed in the designated markets. The degree of integration was found strong and positive of prices. Transparency in price signal among both markets resulted in strong integration. For better operations of well integrated markets, there should be provision of more investments and for the less integrated markets, need of adoption of online marketing system and awareness creation is needed to eliminate the malpractices in agricultural markets. These results recommend market integration and competition rather than collusions of markets in the study area.

Towards enhanced strength-ductility in pure copper by fabricating hetero grain composite laminates

Due to the contradictory relationship between strength and toughness, many novel structures have been designed to overcome the tradeoff dilemma. In this paper, pure copper hetero grain composite laminates (HGCLs) composed of fine /coarse /fine grain bands were fabricated via rolling bonding and annealing. Microstructure characterizations indicated the grain size and hardness differences among different layers of HGCLs, and the interfaces were well bonded. When compared to the tensile results of the reference specimen (non-composite laminates), it is clear that the well-bonded interface facilitated HGCLs to achieve ductility and strength beyond that anticipated by the rule of mixture. A series of loading−unloading−reloading tests, quasi-in-situ EBSD and TEM tests were performed in order to explore the evolution of hetero-deformation induced (HDI) stress and dislocation of HGCLs, and the results demonstrated that mechanical incompatibility occurred during deformation and dislocation density at the interface was higher than the layer interior, resulting in a strain gradient. Additionally, the good ductility of HGCLs can be attributed to the coexistence of multiple factors, including annealing, slip bands, formation of deformation twins and stacking faults, and dislocation hardening. The findings provide a promising avenue for the design of a new generation metals with high-performance.

Spatial Optimization of Tourist-Oriented Villages by Space Syntax Based on Population Analysis

Tourism-oriented countryside is a development object that cannot be ignored in Chinese rural revitalization. As a special type of countryside, urban expansion and development have led to the gradual reduction of rural areas, which, in turn, has led to the deterioration of the spatial structure of tourism villages and the interdependence between villagers, merchants, and tourists. This has caused the loss of vitality of rural tourism spaces and the hollowing out of tourism villages. In our study, we used Space Syntax, based on population analysis, to research the three major populations of villagers, merchants, and tourists in tourism-oriented countryside. We optimized a total of four categories of rural space: street space, cultural space, landscape space, and public facilities. We found that spatial optimization improves the spatial layout, spatial accessibility, and spatial compounding of spaces. By constructing a model of harmonious development of the spatial structure of tourism villages with villagers, merchants, and tourists, the problem of hollowing out of tourism villages can be effectively solved. This will ease the contradictory relationship between urban development and rural revitalization, promoting the sustainable development of Chinese society, economy, and culture.

Migrant Lives on First Nation Land: Greek-Australian Memories of Titjikala in the 1960s

ABSTRACT Via ethnographic and oral history methods and transcultural memory work, this article presents the complex, ambiguous and at times contradictory relationship between a Greek family and an Aboriginal community, including the traditional landowners, in Central Australia in the 1960s. Within a commonplace narrative of colonists and pastoralists buying, owning and selling First People’s land, ownership by Greek migrants and the historical presence of Aboriginal people provides an entry point into a microhistory that illustrates and reveals under-acknowledged, fraught and fragmented facets of transcultural life in 1960s rural Australia, and the place of ethnic-settler-colonisers in Australia’s history of settler-colonialism, dispossession, and pastoralism. Through this case study, we argue the importance of uncovering, recovering and reclaiming the history of Mediterranean migrants’ transcultural relationships with First Nations people.

El idealismo materialista de Marx. La herencia hegeliana de la Crítica de la economía política

This article examines some aspects of the complex relationship between Marx’s thought and Hegel’s philosophy. The thesis that is supported is that Marx is indebted to the Hegelian dialectic in the construction of his Critique of Political Economy, and that recognizing this means maintaining that the great work of the Thinker of Trier is inscribed in the register of political philosophy. The reason is that Capital is the name of the contradictory relationship of work with itself, which is equivalent to showing that it is power invested with authority.

Model Citizens in Bangladesh

Abstract Recently dubbed the new ‘Asian Tiger’, Bangladesh developed a post-independence citizen-centered economic strategy that included generating non-farm jobs and constituting a new type of model or ideal citizen: the independent, prosperous, and entrepreneurial woman. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Dhaka, in this article I document the model citizen campaigns by analyzing female ready-made garment factory workers’ lives. I also outline the form that egalitarianism assumed in this context. I argue that through investigating the emergence of joggo nari—women who challenge gendered norms and hierarchies, aspire toward forms of gender equality, and represent new women of a new Bangladesh—central paradoxes of egalitarian dynamics, such as contradictory and multi-layered gendered relationships and expressions of personhood, desire, and freedom, may come into view.

ОСЕТИНСКИЕ КРЕСТЬЯНЕ ЮЖНОЙ ОСЕТИИ И ИХ ПОЛИТИКО-ПРАВОВОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ В XVIII–XIX ВВ.

The article deals with a little-studied page of the history of South Ossetia in the 18th-19th centuries. – the complex and contradictory relations of the Georgian princes Machabelov, Eristov with the working peasantry of South Ossetia, other Georgian territories where Ossetians densely lived. During this period, there was a clear distinction between the categories of peasants who carried various duties in favor of princes and other landowners. The peasants of South Ossetia were divided depending on their origin and socio-economic status into “mkvidri”, “msakhuri”, “naskidi”, “natskalobevi”, “bogano”, “khizans”, serfs, etc.