Contextual Database Research Articles

Феномен лингвокреативности и его реализация в дискурсе СМИ

The purpose of this study is to characterize the phenomenon of linguocreativity by identifying the most frequent mechanisms of formation of linguocreatems and their influencing potential in the media discourse. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in modern media discourse linguocreatems are considered as a means of influence, taking into account the models of their formation, the transformation of the semantics of new units and pragmatic function. As a result, the conceptual and terminological apparatus of the study was clarified in the aspect of differentiation of the concepts of "language game" and "linguistic creativity". A contextual database of 115 examples of linguistic creatives used in media discourse was created. These examples were then analyzed to identify various cases of linguistic transformations that showcase the authors' linguistic creativity. The main techniques for implementing linguistic creativity in media news publications and blogs were identified. The most common mechanisms were the structural and semantic changes in phraseological units and the use of wordplay. In these cases, familiar phrases are altered in form, creating a play on words that can lead to multiple meanings. This allows the author to convey their viewpoint subtly and shape the reader's perspective.

Metoda za izgradnju generalizovane tabele parametara u inženjerskom projektovanju tehničkih sistema - struktura rešetke kao studija slučaja

Design parameters are a crucial element of the product design process. However, design parameter models are often used to solve specific design problems. Generalizing design parameters is an approach to tackle more design problems. This study contributes to resolving certain limitations associated with modeling and representing the design parameters. This paper presents a generalized table of parameters (GTP) for modeling system parameters. This table is linked to a contextual database based on data and information collected from scientific databases, experts' interviews, and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) software analysis and usage. The proposed representative table shows the robustness of integrating multiple sources of information to present a holistic and generalized view of the design system. The quality of the provided data in the table is assessed by applying certain evaluating dimensions and indicators. A case study will be presented on the lattice structure within a specific context in the mechanical field.

Revealing Translation Techniques Applied in the Translation of Batik Motif Names in See Instagram

This article discusses one of the forms of machine translation, the Instagram translation feature called “see translation”. The research is focused on the translation techniques applied by the machine in translating Banyumas batik motifs from Indonesian to English found in @batikantodjamil and @batk_rd. This topic is worth discussing since machine translation is now getting more developed and is projected to replace human translator. However, in some cases, for example in dealing with culturally-bound terms, machine translation cannot perform contextual knowledge as well as the human translator. this mini research was conducted by applying qualitative research with purposive sampling technique in which the researchers obtain the data by selecting two batik center Instagram accounts containing batik motif names in the captions. The result shows that there are three translation techniques applied by the Instagram translation features, namely literal, borrowing, and particularization. The most dominant technique to use is borrowing technique, and it shows a tendency that such cultural terms in the source language do not have one-to-one correspondence in the target language. In other words, the touch of human translator is very important in the post-editing process of translation by machine to make the translation more acceptable. However, if it is impossible to involve human translator, the Instagram administrator should enrich the machine with more contextual linguistic database to provide the users with better translation results.

Economic impact of the use of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP®) is a validated, risk-adjusted database for improving the quality and security of surgical care. ACS NSQIP can help participating hospitals target areas that need improvement. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature analyzing the economic impact of using NSQIP. This paper also provides an estimation of annual cost savings following the implementation of NSQIP and quality improvement (QI) activities in two hospitals in Quebec. In June 2018, we searched in seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, and NHSEED for economic evaluations based on NSQIP data. Contextual NSQIP databases from two hospitals were collected and analyzed. A cost analysis was conducted from the hospital care perspective, comparing complication costs before and after 1 year of the implementation of NSQIP and QI activities. The number and the cost of complications are measured. Costs are presented in 2018 Canadian dollars. Out of 1,612 studies, 11 were selected. The level of overall evidence was judged to be of moderate to high quality. In general, data showed that, following the implementation of NSQIP and QI activities, a significant decrease in complications and associated costs was observed, which improved with time. In the cost analysis of contextual data, the reduction in complication costs outweighed the cost of implementing NSQIP. However, this cost analysis did not take into account the costs of QI activities. NSQIP improves complication rates and associated costs when QI activities are implemented.

Revealing Translation Techniques Applied in the Translation of Batik Motif Names in See Instagram

This article discusses one of the forms of machine translation, the Instagram translation feature called “see translation”. The research is focused on the translation techniques applied by the machine in translating Banyumas batik motifs from Indonesian to English found in @batikantodjamil and @batk_rd. This topic is worth discussing since machine translation is now getting more developed and is projected to replace human translator. However, in some cases, for example in dealing with culturally-bound terms, machine translation cannot perform contextual knowledge as well as the human translator. this mini research was conducted by applying qualitative research with purposive sampling technique in which the researchers obtain the data by selecting two batik center Instagram accounts containing batik motif names in the captions. The result shows that there are three translation techniques applied by the Instagram translation features, namely literal, borrowing, and particularization. The most dominant technique to use is borrowing technique, and it shows a tendency that such cultural terms in the source language do not have one-to-one correspondence in the target language. In other words, the touch of human translator is very important in the post-editing process of translation by machine to make the translation more acceptable. However, if it is impossible to involve human translator, the Instagram administrator should enrich the machine with more contextual linguistic database to provide the users with better translation results.

NECID – nano exposure and contextual information database

Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field allowing to design and obtain new, previously unknown nanostructured materials with unique properties and broad application. In addition to the wide range of potential benefits, the use of nanoobjects can also endanger human health. Due to the divergent results of published studies about impact of nanoobjects on health, different exposure measurement strategies and non-uniform and limited documentation the possibilities for comparing different measurements, and as well the use of research results to simulate and construct mathematical models are limited. In order to harmonize documentation, research results, exposure indicators and context for exposure measurement, the NECID (Nano Exposure and Contextual Information Database) database, a digital documentation platform for occupational exposure to nanoparticles, has been developed.

The MAR databases: development and implementation of databases specific for marine metagenomics.

We introduce the marine databases; MarRef, MarDB and MarCat (https://mmp.sfb.uit.no/databases/), which are publicly available resources that promote marine research and innovation. These data resources, which have been implemented in the Marine Metagenomics Portal (MMP) (https://mmp.sfb.uit.no/), are collections of richly annotated and manually curated contextual (metadata) and sequence databases representing three tiers of accuracy. While MarRef is a database for completely sequenced marine prokaryotic genomes, which represent a marine prokaryote reference genome database, MarDB includes all incomplete sequenced prokaryotic genomes regardless level of completeness. The last database, MarCat, represents a gene (protein) catalog of uncultivable (and cultivable) marine genes and proteins derived from marine metagenomics samples. The first versions of MarRef and MarDB contain 612 and 3726 records, respectively. Each record is built up of 106 metadata fields including attributes for sampling, sequencing, assembly and annotation in addition to the organism and taxonomic information. Currently, MarCat contains 1227 records with 55 metadata fields. Ontologies and controlled vocabularies are used in the contextual databases to enhance consistency. The user-friendly web interface lets the visitors browse, filter and search in the contextual databases and perform BLAST searches against the corresponding sequence databases. All contextual and sequence databases are freely accessible and downloadable from https://s1.sfb.uit.no/public/mar/.

Should We Repatriate an On-Campus Archaeological Collection from the Middle East?

Should We Repatriate an On-Campus Archaeological Collection from the Middle East?

The Contextual Database of the Generations and Gender Programme: Concept, content, and research examples

Differences in demographic behaviours across countries and subnational regions have stimulated interest in studying the relationships between individual characteristics and the contexts in which individuals are embedded. Analytical approaches that include

Latent class models for cross-national comparisons: the association between individual and national-level fertility and partnership characteristics

Multilevel modelling techniques such as random models or fixed effect are increasingly used in social sciences and demography to both account for clustering within higher level aggregations and evaluate the interaction between individual and contextual information. While this is justifiable in some studies, the extension of multilevel models to national level analysis — and particularly cross-national comparative analysis — is problematic and can hamper the understanding of the interplay between individual and country level characteristics. This paper proposes an alternative approach, which allocates countries to classes based on economic, labour market and policy characteristics. Classes influence the profiles of three key demographic behaviours at a sub-national level: marriage, cohabitation and first birth timing. Woman level data are drawn from a subset of the Harmonized Histories dataset, and national level information from the GGP contextual database. In this example, three country classes are extracted reflecting two Western patterns and an Eastern pattern, divided approximately along the Hajnal line. While Western countries tend to exhibit higher levels of family allowances albeit accounting for a lower share of spending which is associated with lower marriage and later fertility, Eastern countries generally show a higher share of spending but at lower absolute levels with lower cohabitation rates and early fertility.

Indoor Navigation Assistant for Visually Impaired by Pedestrian Dead Reckoning and Position Estimative of Correction for Patterns Recognition

Abstract: This paper presents a guided audio Indoor navigation system built in a wearable device designed to work with a hybrid mapping. This mapping uses radio frequency tags (RF) and visual markers located within a known environment. The system allows visually impaired users to perform a guided navigation safe and fast, and has a low computational complexity. The methodological approach chosen divides the system into two phases: an offline and another online. In the offline phase, the interior mapping is done by building markers to generate a contextual database, which increases the quality of the location indication. The online phase, where the indoor navigation is performed, is based on a proximity method, recognition of visual pattern, odometry, and ultrasonic perception of obstacles. The results showed rates higher than 90.00% for the recognition of visual and RF markers with average computation time of 0.4 seconds, and more than 95.00% of positive ultrasonic perceived barriers.

Impact: development of a radiological mummy database.

The Internet Mummy Picture Archiving and Communication Technology (IMPACT) radiological and context database, is a large-scale, multi-institutional, collaborative research project devoted to the digital preservation and scientific study of mummified remains, and the mummification traditions that produced them, using non-destructive medical imaging technologies. Owing to the importance of non-destructive analyses to the study of mummified human remains, the IMPACT database, website, and wiki provide a basis for anthropological and palaeopathological investigations, grounded in the most current technological imaging and communication standards, accessible through any internet connection, and protected against rapidly changing media standards. Composed of paired online radiographic and contextual databases, the IMPACT project is intended to provide researchers with large-scale primary data samples for anthropological and palaeopathological investigations. IMPACT addresses the limitations of the case-study approach to mummified human remains and contributes to the development of standards of practice in imaging of mummified remains. Furthermore, IMPACT allows researchers a greater appreciation of, and engagement with, patterns of health and disease in ancient times as well as the variability present in the mummification traditions of ancient Egypt and other cultures that sought to preserve their dead for eternity.

Quality of demographic data in GGS Wave 1

AbstractBACKGROUNDA key feature of the Generations & Gender Programme (GGP) is that longitudinal micro-data from the Generations and Gender Surveys (GGS) can be combined with indicators from the Contextual Database (CDB) that provide information on the macro-level context in which people live. This allows researchers to consider the impact of socio-cultural, economic, and policy contexts on changing demographic behaviour since the 1970s. The validity of longitudinal analyses combining individual-level and contextual data depends, however, on whether the micro-data give a correct account of demographic trends after 1970.OBJECTIVEThis article provides information on the quality of retrospective longitudinal data on first marriage and fertility in the first wave of the GGS.METHODSUsing the union and fertility histories recorded in the GGS, we compare period indicators of women's nuptiality and fertility behaviour for the period 1970-2005 and cohort indicators of nuptiality and fertility for women born after 1925 to population statistics.RESULTSResults suggest that, in general, period indicators estimated retrospectively from the GGS are fairly accurate from the 1970s onwards, allowing exceptions for specific indicators in specific countries. Cohort indicators, however, were found to be less accurate for cohorts born before 1945, suggesting caution when using the GGS to study patterns of union and family formation in these older cohorts.CONCLUSIONSThe assessment of the validity of demographic data in the GGS provides country-specific information on time periods and birth cohorts for which GGS estimates deviate from population statistics. Researchers may use this information to decide on the observation period or cohorts to include in their analysis, or use the results as a starting point for a more detailed analysis of item nonresponse in union and fertility histories, which may further improve the quality of GGS estimates, particularly for these earlier periods and older birth cohorts.COMMENTSDetailed country-specific results are included in an appendix to this paper, available for download from the additional material section.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. IntroductionIn 2000 the Population Activity Unit (PAU) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) launched the Generations and Gender Programme (GGP) to enhance understanding of the causes and consequences of demographic change in developed countries (Vikat et al. 2007). International comparability is a key feature of the GGP and several, mainly European, countries have become highly committed to the implementation of the programme. The GGP consists of two pillars. The first pillar is a set of Generations and Gender Surveys (GGS)5. The GGS is a panel survey that collects longitudinal micro-level data on a representative sample of noninstitutionalized residents aged 18 to 79 years in each of the participating countries. The first wave of the GGS collects detailed data on partnership histories and (non-)resident children, making it possible to reconstruct changes in union formation and fertility in recent decades and link these to covariates at the individual, household, and contextual levels. To overcome the limitations associated with the retrospective design of the Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS) - the immediate predecessor of the GGP - the GGS combines elements of a retrospective setup with a prospective panel design (Vikat et al. 2007). The prospective design makes it possible to assess the impact of characteristics recorded in each wave (e.g., values and intentions) on subsequent behaviours, thus contributing to an enhanced understanding of the dynamic nature of demographic behaviour and the life-course. The Contextual Database (CDB)6 (see the contribution of Caporali et al. in this special volume) is the second main pillar of the GGP and provides aggregate indicators at the meso (regional) and macro (national) levels. …

TRANSLATION EQUIVALENCE AND CONTEXT CONSIDERATION IN GOOGLE

This article aims at describing the translation methods of this tool through equivalence and context consideration which also suggest the account of language database within. The data was taken from Google Translate because it is one of the most reliable tools of translation through internet service. Results showed that there are three basic reference methods of frequency, graphology, and contextual matching database in the translation. Context in discourse and equivalence in translation are used in order to analyze the extent of this consideration.

Sex ratio, poverty, and concurrent partnerships among men and women in the United States: a multilevel analysis

PurposeSocial and economic contextual factors may promote concurrent sexual partnerships, which can accelerate population HIV transmission and are more common among African Americans than U.S. Whites. We investigated the relationship between contextual factors and concurrency. MethodsWe analyzed past 12-month concurrency prevalence in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and its contextual database in relation to county sex ratio (among respondent's racial and ethnic group), percentage in poverty (among respondent's racial and ethnic group), and violent crime rate. Analyses examined counties with balanced (0.95–1.05 males/female) or low (<0.9) sex ratios. ResultsConcurrency prevalence was greater (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) in counties with low sex ratios (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.17–2.39), more poverty (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.98–1.42 per 10 percentage-point increase), and higher crime rates (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.09 per 1000 population/year). Notably, 99.5% of Whites and 93.7% of Hispanics, but only 7.85% of Blacks, lived in balanced sex ratio counties; about 5% of Whites, half of Hispanics, and three-fourths of Blacks resided in counties with >20% same-race poverty. ConclusionsThe dramatic Black-White differences in contextual factors in the United States and their association with sexual concurrency could contribute to the nation's profound racial disparities in HIV infection.

Using Abduction to Compute Efficient Proofs

The aim of this work is to show how to compute an extra hypothesis H to an unproved sequent @C@?^?G, such that:*@C,H@?G is provable; *H is not trivial. *If @C@?G (which is not known a priory) then @C,H@?G has a much simpler proof. Due to the last item, this is not exactly the usual abductive reasoning found in literature, for the latter requires the input sequent not to be derivable. The idea is that @C is a contextual database, containing background knowledge, G is a goal formula representing some fact or evidence that one wants to explain or prove, and H is an hypothesis that explains the evidence in the presence of the background knowledge or that facilitates the proof of G from @C. We show how this task is related to the problem of computing non-analytic cuts. Several algorithms are provided that compute efficient proofs with non-analytic cuts via abductive reasoning. This is a joint work with Marcello D'Agostino and Dov Gabbay.

Development of a large-scale chemogenomics database to improve drug candidate selection and to understand mechanisms of chemical toxicity and action

Successful drug discovery requires accurate decision making in order to advance the best candidates from initial lead identification to final approval. Chemogenomics, the use of genomic tools in pharmacology and toxicology, offers a promising enhancement to traditional methods of target identification/validation, lead identification, efficacy evaluation, and toxicity assessment. To realize the value of chemogenomics information, a contextual database is needed to relate the physiological outcomes induced by diverse compounds to the gene expression patterns measured in the same animals. Massively parallel gene expression characterization coupled with traditional assessments of drug candidates provides additional, important mechanistic information, and therefore a means to increase the accuracy of critical decisions. A large-scale chemogenomics database developed from in vivo treated rats provides the context and supporting data to enhance and accelerate accurate interpretation of mechanisms of toxicity and pharmacology of chemicals and drugs. To date, approximately 600 different compounds, including more than 400 FDA approved drugs, 60 drugs approved in Europe and Japan, 25 withdrawn drugs, and 100 toxicants, have been profiled in up to 7 different tissues of rats (representing over 3200 different drug–dose–time–tissue combinations). Accomplishing this task required evaluating and improving a number of in vivo and microarray protocols, including over 80 rigorous quality control steps. The utility of pairing clinical pathology assessments with gene expression data is illustrated using three anti-neoplastic drugs: carmustine, methotrexate, and thioguanine, which had similar effects on the blood compartment, but diverse effects on hepatotoxicity. We will demonstrate that gene expression events monitored in the liver can be used to predict pathological events occurring in that tissue as well as in hematopoietic tissues.

CMSS: policy analysis software for catchment managers

This paper describes a computer program that analyses the likely effects of proposed land use and land management policies on the nutrient loads delivered to rivers. The program was designed to meet the needs of catchment management groups that are developing policies and this perspective led to the inclusion of some novel features in the program. These features include a contextual database, a language for representing policies and a simple explanatory capability in the model. A very simple model is used to predict nutrient loads. The paper describes the formalism of the model, the syntax for expressing policies and the link between these policies and the model.

Pronunciation variability in the Switchboard corpus

This paper first describes a project on manual phonetic labeling of some 2075 words from the Switchboard corpus (a 3 million word corpus of unscripted telephone conversations, recorded and orthographically transcribed by Texas Instruments, and available from the Linguistic Data Consortium). Multiple (from 10 to 40) tokens of 72 lexical items were transcribed; the transcription system used was an extension of the TIMITBET, designed to allow a narrower transcription, particularly of consonants. Intertranscriber agreement was assessed using the Oregon Graduate Institute’s metric for transcription accuracy, and comparison with their results for their English telephone corpus will be provided. A number of phonological facts will then be elucidated from the transcriptions. To facilitate this, a database of contextual information has been created for each phoneme in the dictionary forms of the words; the database includes both lexical contextual factors and the actual context in which a given token appears. The scheme is similar to that of Withgott and Chen [Computational Models of American Speech (1993)], who used such a contextual database to develop phonological rules for TIMIT. Here, the phonological rules which emerge from Switchboard will be discussed and compared with those already found in TIMIT.

Context analysis in the sentence using rough relations

The paper presents a one-one correspondence between sentences and elements of graphs (i.e. arcs and nodes). Sentence graphs are linear and show the context of words. The operation of coherence enables planar (and even spatial) graphs to be created from the sentence graphs. The graphs are presented as an intermediary symbolism when translating sentences into foreign languages. The above graphs define separate grammatical and interpretational levels for adverbials, separate for the remaining part of the sentence, and independent levels for subordinate clauses in complex sentences. A concept of indistinctness is utilized for the representation of word context within the sentence and to select proper meanings. An approximation space reflecting the context of any word within the sentence is defined by associating a given word with a contextual data base. The contextual data base allows the proper meanings of words adjoining the given word in the graph model of sentence to be induced. The contextual knowledge base specifies the meaning of each particular word with respect to the most general words expected to adjoin the given word within the graph model of the sentence. The most general words are inferred upon a simple sweep data base.