Psychological Context Research Articles

The Altruistic Connection: Unraveling How Altruism Drives Eco-Friendly Consumer Behavior in Green Marketing (Literature Review)

Purpose: This article explores research on eco-conscious marketing (2010-2022) via sources like Scopus, ScienceDirect, Emerald, and Taylor & Francis. Altruism, acting selflessly for others, significantly impacts eco-friendly choices. Theoretical framework: This research examines altruism's role in eco-friendly marketing through behavioral theories. Limited analysis of psychological links and cultural norms exists. Further investigation is needed for sustainable consumer behavior and ethical exchange. Methodology: In the effort to comprehend the complex connection between altruism and green marketing, a strong methodology has arisen through the combination of qualitative research techniques and a comprehensive examination of existing literature. This description presents the methodological process utilized to examine the impact of altruism on research related to green marketing from 2010 to 2022. This exploration involves the gathering of data, its analysis, and the development of meaningful insights, all drawn from reliable sources such as Scopus, Emerald, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar. Findings: In the context of green marketing, altruism is pivotal for comprehending and shaping consumer behavior. Beyond economic factors, it embraces emotions, ethics, and communal welfare. Altruism-driven strategies hold promise for positive change, brand loyalty, and sustainability. Research spanning 2010-2020 uncovers gaps in understanding altruism's mechanisms, contexts, sustainability, trade-offs, extensions, and interactions, necessitating their exploration for effective green marketing and a sustainable world. Research, Practical & Social implications: The research identifies gaps in comprehending altruism's psychological aspects, context influences, and sustainability. This enhances strategies for sustainable consumer behavior. Additionally, leveraging altruism supports green marketing's effectiveness, bridges the "value-action gap," and fosters brand loyalty, thereby harnessing its potential for positive change, a greener future, and enhanced brand allegiance. Originality: Employing qualitative research methods and extensive literature review, this study explores the link between altruism and green marketing from 2010 to 2022. The synthesis of findings reveals altruism's role in shaping consumer behavior, with implications for marketing strategies, bridging value-action gap, and fostering brand loyalty. Research gaps underscore the need for investigating psychological mechanisms, contextual influences, and sustainability.

Prägnanz in visual perception.

How do we perceptually and cognitively organize incoming stimulation? A century ago, Gestalt psychologists posited the law of Prägnanz: psychological organization will always be as 'good' as possible given the prevailing conditions. To make the Prägnanz law a useful statement, it needs to be specified further (a) what a 'good' psychological organization entails, (b) how the Prägnanz tendency can be realized, and (c) which conditions need to be taken into account. Although the Gestalt school did provide answers to these questions, modern-day mentions of Prägnanz or good Gestalt often lack these clarifications. The concept of Prägnanz has been (mis)understood in many different ways, and by looking back on the rich history of the concept, we will attempt to present a more fine-grained view and promote a renewed understanding of the central role of Prägnanz in visual perception and beyond. We review Gestalt psychology's answers to the questions listed above, and also discuss the four main uses of the Prägnanz concept in more detail: (a) a Prägnanz tendency in each organizational process, (b) Prägnanz as a property of a Gestalt, (c) Prägnanz steps as internal reference points, and (d) Prägnanz in relation to aesthetic appreciation. As a key takeaway, Prägnanz is a multifaceted Gestalt psychological concept indicating the "goodness" of an experienced organization. Both the removal of unnecessary details and the emphasis on characteristic features of the overall organization compared to a reference organization can contribute to the emergence of a 'better' Gestalt. The stimulus constellation is not the only factor in determining the goodness of an organization, also the stimulus' interaction with an individual in a specific spatial and temporal context plays a role. Taking the ideas on Prägnanz as a generative framework and keeping the original Gestalt psychological context in mind, future research on perceptual organization can improve our understanding of the principles underlying psychological organization by further specifying how different organizational principles interact in concrete situations. Public significance statement: This paper reviews what a 'good' psychological organization entails, and how the incoming stimulation is clarified in human perception to achieve the best possible psychological organization. The review debunks common misconceptions on the meaning of "goodness" and synthesizes the most important perspectives and developments on "goodness" from its conception until now.

Edison J. Trickett (1941-2022).

This article memorializes Edison J. Trickett (1941-2022), a leading theorist in community psychology. After joining the psychology faculty at Yale (1969-1977) and the Yale Psychoeducational Clinic, Ed became a faculty member at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he taught until 2000 and directed doctoral training in clinical/community psychology (1980-1985). He next went to the Department of Psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago (2000-2015). Never one to fully retire, he continued teaching at the University of Miami (2015-2019). Ed devoted his career to the appreciation and understanding of context, social ecology, and human diversity in community psychology's theory, methods, and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Enhancing bipolar disorder treatment among employed college students through the integration of civic education and lamotrigine: a context of educational psychology

BackgroundThe current psychological problem of bipolar disorder among college students due to employment pressure is characterized by a long course of illness, high suicide, and disability rates. Traditional drug therapy not only accelerates the circulation frequency of manic and depressive episodes but also leads to drug tolerance. Therefore, the study aims to combine ideological and political education with lamotrigine in the context of educational psychology to achieve the combined treatment of bipolar disorder among employed college students.Subjects and MethodsThis study focused on 50 college students with bipolar disorder who were employed. The participants were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, based on illness duration. Group A received a single lamotrigine treatment, while Group B received a combination of ideological and political education and lamotrigine treatment, with a total treatment time of six months. After the experimental results were processed using SPSS17.0 statistical software, and the Hamilton Depression Scale scores of the two groups of patients before and after treatment were compared.ResultsAfter three months of treatment, the score was 18.77 ± 2.37 points. After six months of treatment, the score decreased to 7.67 ± 2.57 points, significantly lower than the control group’s 14.34 ± 2.17 points at this time.ConclusionsThe integration of ideological and political education with lamotrigine treatment yields a substantial therapeutic impact on bipolar disorder among employed college students. This comprehensive approach underscores the importance of considering educational psychology when devising treatment strategies for psychological disorders.AcknowledgementThe Yancheng Social Science Fund Project 2023 (No. 23skA163).

"ANOTHER WORLD": PROSE BY NATALENA KOROLEVA

The paper is devoted to the main ideological-aesthetic, genre-style, historical and cultural features of Natalena Koroleva’s fiction. Historicism and Catholicism, noticeable in the writer’s prosaic works of different genres and styles, are considered the dominant elements of her artistic worldview and thinking. The analysis focuses on the writer’s three key interwar novels: "An Ancestor", "A Shadow’s Dream", "1313" and examines several aspects of their poetics. Koroleva’s historicism is noted for combining scientific (in particular, archeological) knowledge, religious and philosophical experience and an artistic intuition of the writer. The author’s relationship with Catholicism are defined by complexity and ambiguity – from absolutization to undermining of the Christian dogmas and appeal to the history of religious heresies (like the Cathars, Albigensians). Koroleva organically connected Christian mythology with the European cultural tradition as its integral part and understood Christianity as a fundamental basis for the European spiritual and cultural values. The writer’s beliefs in the interaction of history, religion, culture and literature affected a number of her literary texts, many of which are based on gospel stories, medieval mysteries and folk legends. Each of the mentioned works of Koroleva is perceived as a holistic artistic phenomenon linked to her other works and created on the basis of her research into ancient, medieval, and early modern history. The novel «An Ancestor» is viewed as the author’s individual-mythological vision of the family history and the work that, having absorbed various genre varieties (family chronicle, travel novel, historical novel), testified to the author’s attention to the social-cultural, historical, and religious-spiritual characteristics of a person of the early modern era. Koroleva’s novel "A Shadow’s Dream" is regarded as having a connection with the genre of an "archeological novel" ("The Emperor" by Georg Ebers is a particular example of the latter). The novel "1313" is perceived as the author’s attempt to artistically depict the motif of a man’s encounter with the devil in the moral, psychological, cultural, philosophical, and mythological contexts of medieval Europe. The historical and cultural content of Koroleva’s prose, its artistic, aesthetic and ideological potentials are additionally emphasized.

The Essence of the Development of Social Investment Projects for the Economy

"The article presents a compelling argument that in the context of contemporary conditions, investments encompass the allocation of capital (in the form of values and resources) into various social and economic activities, provided that such activities comply with pertinent laws and legislative acts. These investments are made to generate economic benefits or produce positive social and environmental impacts. The author astutely observes that investments encompass a broader scope than solely capital investments, as they can pertain to both tangible and intangible assets (real investments) as well as financial instruments such as shares, bonds, and other securities. Capital investments, on the other hand, typically involve the allocation of funds. Notably, investments diverge from capital expenditures in terms of their investment objects. Capital investments align with investments in fixed assets, constituting a subset of capital-forming investments. It is important to recognize that the investment process encompasses more stages than that of capital investments alone. Moreover, the inclusion of procedures related to the accumulation of funds through the issuance of shares, bonds, and securities further enhances the scope of investment considerations. Additionally, the process of distributing income among investors can be regarded as an additional aspect to be addressed. It is crucial to recognize that all the aforementioned points, parameters, and procedures necessitate the establishment of new relationships in administrative, organizational, legal, and psychological contexts. Therefore, studying these relationships within market conditions and on a novel socio-economic foundation emerges as a paramount objective for national science. to facilitate the development of investment programs."

Pojetí psychické odolnosti českými a slovenskými psychology

The concept of human resilience is used in various contexts from every day speech to experts discourse. When used in everyday language, the concept of psychological resilience seems quite clear and understandable. In the professional psychological context, we encounter various problems and ambiguities on a theoretical, terminological and methodological level. When we take a closer look. A more thorough analysis of the concept of psychological resilience currently leads to the assumption that it is a complex, complexly structured multi-conditional phenomenon. The aim of the paper is to explore Czech and Slovak psychologists’ concept of psychological resilience. The paper presents a theoretical definition of the phenomenon of resilience, discussing its relation with health and outlining approaches to researching hardiness. The sample was randomly assembled on the basis of respondents’ willingness to participate. Responses were collected using a questionnaire completed by 348 psychologists from the academic community and other spheres in which psychology is professional practiced. The method – using a questionnaire with a small number of relatively simple questions – primarily provides information on respondents’ immediate reactions to the questions. The analyzed sample was assembled randomly on the basis of willingness to participate; it is not a representative sample. In view of the research topic, no hypotheses were generated; instead, research questions were formulated concerning the definition of psychological hardiness, its relation with health, methods used in diagnosing or researching hardiness, and the opinions of experts from the academic and research community. In view of the nature of the data collected, an analysis of descriptive data was carried out, based on absolute and relative frequencies. When defining psychological hardiness, most of the respondents used the concept of ability in the general sense (either in simple or more complex terms), or they defined hardiness as a psychological characteristic (a personality trait). They assumed a strong and significant connection between hardiness and health. This corresponds with the opinions of numerous present-day researchers. The psychologists from the academic sphere gave more detailed responses. When determining hardiness, respondents use self-devised methods or methods taken from expert sources.

Formalizing psychological interventions through network control theory

Despite the growing deployment of network representation to comprehend psychological phenomena, the question of whether and how networks can effectively describe the effects of psychological interventions remains elusive. Network control theory, the engineering study of networked interventions, has recently emerged as a viable methodology to characterize and guide interventions. However, there is a scarcity of empirical studies testing the extent to which it can be useful within a psychological context. In this paper, we investigate a representative psychological intervention experiment, use network control theory to model the intervention and predict its effect. Using this data, we showed that: (1) the observed psychological effect, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, relates to the regional network control theoretic metrics (average and modal controllability), (2) the size of change following intervention negatively correlates with a whole-network topology that quantifies the “ease” of change as described by control theory (control energy), and (3) responses after intervention can be predicted based on formal results from control theory. These insights assert that network control theory has significant potential as a tool for investigating psychological interventions. Drawing on this specific example and the overarching framework of network control theory, we further elaborate on the conceptualization of psychological interventions, methodological considerations, and future directions in this burgeoning field.

Linguistic Conformity Theory and the Characteristics of Epidemic Prevention and Control Slogans

From the standpoint of "language conformity theory," this study investigates the characteristics of epidemic prevention and control slogans. We analyze and summarize the characteristics of the slogans from the three communicative contexts of linguistic conformity theory: physical, social, and psychological contexts. The selection and conformity of the communicative context of epidemic prevention and control slogans allow them to better serve the development of epidemic prevention and control works, reflect the role of the slogans in calling for public health events, and thus better realize the publicity effect and social mobilization function of the slogans.

A Performance Interpretation of the Viennese Classics by the Example of Fantasia for Piano, Chorus and Orchestra in C Minor, Op. 80 by Ludwig van Beethoven

"The relevance of the study is determined by the need to cover the significance, uniqueness and means of performance of one of the masterpieces of the Viennese Classical School — Fantasia in c minor, op. 80 for mixed choir, piano and orchestra by Beethoven. The aim of this publication was to study the problems of performance interpretation of the legacy of the Viennese Classical School using the example of L. Beethoven’s Fantasia for piano, soloists, mixed chorus, and orchestra. Research methods were: creation of an information background; comparative analysis and structuring of information; identification of the categories that make the basis of the problem; generalization of obtained data. The materials based on audio and video recordings of the work by prominent representatives of the performing arts were used. The literature on the stylistic and compositional atmosphere of the era of Viennese classicism, as well as on features of the genres of the work was also used. The results of the study revealed the interrelationship of all components of the problem being studied. They evidenced the inseparability of such elements as genre, musical form, instrumentation, manner of performance, a certain historical period, as well as the stylistic orientation prevailing within it. Its main categories were identified while studying the chosen topic, as well as their dependency on the temporal, stylistic, individual, and psychological (performers’ personalities) context was established. These facts became a theoretical and methodological contribution to art science, history of performance, as well as music pedagogy. As a conclusion of the study on performing interpretation of the Viennese classics using the example of Fantasia by Beethoven, its genre stylistic and compositional technical universality was determined; the process during which the piano becomes a solo concert instrument; the role of improvisation in the large-scale synthetic genre; development of a single performance concept by the conductor, pianist and choirmaster, diversity of artistic and psychological types of performance while preserving the main author’s idea. The research of this topic has wide prospects in the future, thanks to its volume, multi-vector nature, connection with a wide range of musical subjects, and sensitivity to individual styles of interpretation in the context of different epochs. This is emphasized by the value of classical heritage, the need to preserve and popularize it. Keywords: performance interpretation, genre uniqueness; author’s performance; improvisation; synthesis of musical forms; solo concert instrument."

Using social network analysis in applied psychological research: A tutorial.

Social network analysis (SNA) is a highly flexible research method that allows for novel exploration of a wide variety of research phenomena. Evidence from fields as disparate as public health, education, informatics, sociology, and medicine has demonstrated the importance of recognizing the complexity inherent in individuals' connections with others. In this article, we provide a brief conceptual overview of social network theory and methodology, and then demonstrate how to apply SNA to an applied psychological research context studying students embedded in classrooms. We also provide numerous supporting materials on our OSF page, including R code for all analyses, a dataset containing social network data, and a glossary of key terms in social network analysis. We conclude with a set of recommendations for researchers interested in applying SNA to their own contexts and content areas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Book Review of Rasch Models for Solving Measurement Problems: Invariant Measurement in the Social Sciences by Engelhard Jr. and Wang

As a paradigm shift from classical test theory, Rasch measurement theory introduces a framework of scales that is capable of producing invariant measurement, which plays an increasingly important role in solving practical measurement problems in the social sciences, psychometrics, and health sciences. Researchers have increasingly adopted Rasch measurement to develop and validate scales in a variety of educational and psychological contexts (e.g. Mendoza Yan, 2021; Yan Pastore, 2022). Rasch measurement is often used in the validation of scales in conjunction with structural equation models (SEM), which provide meaningful answers to a variety of measurement questions. However, it remains unfamiliar to many researchers, practitioners, and educators who have embraced classical test theory.

Theoretical and methodological background on vocational guidance in the choice of university career

Vocational guidance is a fundamental development in the career choice of young high school graduates, which is far from capitulating at the conceptual level, given the winds of change that exhale inside and outside the subject. In this situation, this article aims to find out and break down which are the most common approaches, hypotheses, methodologies, variables and corollaries in the circulation of scientific articles that link career selection and vocational guidance, to identify the attributes or variables that support future analyzes and settle a quick consultation synopsis on the subject for locals and strangers. Therefore, a conceptual mapping was made, locating three main thematic veins: 1) The importance of a good vocational orientation for the adequate choice of career and consequent professional satisfaction; 2) theoretical-historical studies about the concepts, categories, teaching method and instruments to identify aptitudes and attitudes in a psychological context of transformation inside and outside the subject; 3) medium-term challenges in vocational guidance. Among the findings, although diverse, attitudes, aptitudes and personal goals predominate as the most important elements in the choice of career.

SubCom: A parallel corpus of English-Arabic comedy shows subtitles

Translating humor is challenging as it is often tied to niche linguistic, interactional, and psychological contexts. This paper presents a new English-Arabic parallel corpus of stand-up comedy shows subtitles as a pedagogic tool for translating authentic examples of humor. Furthermore, the researchers experiment with the corpus by designing customized translator training tasks for checking the accuracy of translating verbal irony in a humor translation workshop. The tasks are designed based on bottom-up and top-down scaffolding of learning objectives based on a revised model of Bloom's taxonomy (2001). Moreover, the researchers propose Mateo's model of translating irony (1995) as a method of translating verbal irony in the context of stand-up comedy shows. Finally, the researchers recommend using parallel corpora as a pedagogic tool in humor translation training workshops and classrooms to bring the elements of trainees' creativity to overcome controversial translation issues.

Factors Related to Diabetes Self-Care among Immigrants in the United States: A Scoping Review

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to explore related factors in diabetes self-care among immigrants in the U.S. Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing chronic illnesses, but little is known about factors in self-care among minority immigrants in the U.S. Methods: The Arksey and O’Malley (2005) methodological framework guided this review, which examined 16 articles, including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods designs. PRISMA guidelines were used with five Databases. Search terms included: immigrants in the U.S., type 2 diabetes, self-care, and self-management. Results: Factors related to diabetes self-care among immigrants were identified: (1) changed dietary lifestyle, (2) low economic and health insurance, (3) social support and resources, (4) low English proficiency, (5) psychological contexts, and (6) gender roles. Conclusion: Given the culturally unique related factors in diabetes self-care among immigrants, healthcare professionals must be knowledgeable and responsive to the ethnic minority immigrants’ needs to promote effective diabetes self-care.

PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF ONLINE SHOPPING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR OF MILLENNIALS AND GEN Z’s

The descriptive quantitative study is a combination of the context of business and psychology. It examined the perceived benefits of online shopping affecting the behavior of online millennial and Gen Z consumers. Particularly, the researchers also investigated the advantages of online buying including price, convenience, and product variety. 160 college students from St. Paul University Surigao participated in the study. An adopted survey questionnaire developed by Arora and Aggarwal (2018) was used to gather data. Mean & Standard Deviation, Frequency Count & Percent Distribution, and Analysis of Variance were the statistical tools utilized to analyze the collected data. In terms of product variety, millennials' and Gen Zs’ behavior while shopping online resulted in high levels of satisfaction. This implies that they are really pleased with the variety of products they purchased online. Millennials and Gen Zs are satisfied as well in terms of convenience and price. Thus, they are very likely to shop online because of these three benefits. It is therefore implied that with the easiness and convenience, affordable price, and variety of products online, millennial and Gen Z shoppers are enticed and attracted to shop more online as they are highly satisfied every time they do it. On the other hand, the participants’ age, residence, parents' income, kind of internet connection, and device used somewhat influenced their purchasing pleasure. Consumers may continue to buy online because there is a wide selection of products available, prices that are competitive and friendly to one's budget, and the fact that shopping online is handy. Customers who shop online can access online businesses and buy things using modern electronic devices. Since mobile data is less expensive, online shoppers may continue utilizing it to do online purchasing.

Analysing the Hate Speech Within the Framework of Political Discourse

The author considers hate speech within the broader context of the right to freedom of expression with specific reference to political speech. The European Court of Human Rights in its jurisprudence takes the stance that the protections for freedom of expression extend to content that might be offensive, shocking, and disturbing to someone. It is also well accepted in comparative case law and doctrine that political speech has a privileged position in terms of legal protection when it comes to the greater degree of criticism. On the other hand, it is extremely important to protect individuals and collectives from exposure to hate speech since it does not achieve the objectives of the right to freedom of expression in any way. However, it is clear at first glance that in a large number of cases, there is an intertwining of hate speech with speech to which the law provides legal protection. Content related to racial, negationism, revisionism, religious, ethnic, etc. issues is a legitimate and integral part of political discourse, while a very small space separates them from slipping into the field of hate speech. Although the historical, cultural, sociological, and psychological context is important for the qualification of certain content as hate speech, the author seeks to analyze the basics of the definition of hate speech through a comparative legal approach (UN and other international and regional organizations) to offer a framework for distinguishing hate speech from other permitted content which would be applicable in general, appreciating all the possible variables that affect the qualification of hate speech.

Collaboration & Co-Creative Media Making in Precarious Times

This contribution fathoms the potential of collaborative, co-creative media practices in precarious times – in times of climate emergency and a terrifying loss of biodiversity, accompanied by socio-psychological and socio-cultural crises. It is set in times in which, despite the urgency to react, we are still often facing a lack of comprehension for the complex global dimension of these crises, accompanied with a paralysing apathy, passive-depressive resignation and sometimes even a refusal to face collective and individual accountability as well as respond in actual doing to the urgent call to action. Taking Félix Guattari's ecosophical thought of three interdependent ecologies (1989, 1996) and their prolongation in currently emerging environmental humanities with recent discourses in documentary and digital theory as a framework, the objective of this contribution is to discuss approaches in emerging media making and to deduce strategies how to 'make things matter'. Within this bigger context, the theoretical argument is based on key concepts in co-creation as well as aspects in the creative use of mobile, interactive, networked devices to 'craft' media assemblages in which often, processes are more important than artefacts and which make participants/user-creators aware of being themselves entangled in multifaceted biological, psychological, physical, social and cultural contexts. The nucleus hereby resides in the intertwining of emplaced interaction in hyperglocal contexts, the idea of focussed perception and perspective taking, and foremost the potential for networked|networking (Wiehl 2019). The hypothesis runs that due to their specific affordances, especially co-creative media practices can contribute to a shift from mere matters of fact in climate communication to matters of concern (Latour 2004) and – ultimately hopefully – matters of care (La Puig de Bellacasa 2017). The idea is to mobilize (co-)creative participants not only to witness climate change and document the most often invisible shifts in their surroundings, but rather to invite them to engage in local and at the same global interventions and thus to rediscover collective responsibilities and communal agency in this situation. Through the lens of these features, different strategies of how to mobilize user-participants will be discussed, focussing on different venues to encourage an empathetic idea of local as well global consciousness, care and emotional engagement – an approach which goes beyond top-down communication of (scientific) facts but which encourages creative communal action-taking. As paradigmatic projects, we will examine The Disaster Resilience Journal (2014) and ISeeChange (2019) – both of them being multilayered configurations building on various activities around 'doing documentary'. It will be discussed how interdependent entanglements of agents in these two projects aim at catalysing meaningful place-based environmental engagement, including community-based citizen-science driven action-taking but at the same time experiences that go beyond cognitive understanding.

CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) VACCINATION: SCIENTIFIC FACTS. THE GREEK REPORT

Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, COVID-19 has rapidly become a pandemic spreading to all countries worldwide and demanding urgent healthcare response. The social and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has taken variable shapes and forms regarding its effect on communities and decision-making, while the major risks probably arise not from the virus itself but from the indirect effects of the control measures and the societal activities. Owing to experiences from previous pandemics generating global health crises such as the HIV5 pandemic (1980), the Spanish flu (1918) and the 2009 flu the healthcare community had now more scientific facts to handle the COVID-19 pandemic as shown by the faster time it took for the development and licensing of the vaccines from the time the first case was identified. Although the control and vaccination strategies against the COVID-19 virus are still controversial issues as they have the potential to multiply the impact of the pandemic, this report aims to provide a timely review on the facts regarding the measures and the policy-making in Greece and how they affected the citizens in a socioeconomic and psychological context.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0007/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Cognition in Clinical and Community Samples: Reliability and Validity Study.

The current methods of evaluating cognitive functioning typically rely on a single time point to assess and characterize an individual's performance. However, cognitive functioning fluctuates within individuals over time in relation to environmental, psychological, and physiological contexts. This limits the generalizability and diagnostic utility of single time point assessments, particularly among individuals who may exhibit large variations in cognition depending on physiological or psychological context (eg, those with type 1 diabetes [T1D], who may have fluctuating glucose concentrations throughout the day). We aimed to report the reliability and validity of cognitive ecological momentary assessment (EMA) as a method for understanding between-person differences and capturing within-person variation in cognition over time in a community sample and sample of adults with T1D. Cognitive performance was measured 3 times a day for 15 days in the sample of adults with T1D (n=198, recruited through endocrinology clinics) and for 10 days in the community sample (n=128, recruited from TestMyBrain, a web-based citizen science platform) using ultrabrief cognitive tests developed for cognitive EMA. Our cognitive EMA platform allowed for remote, automated assessment in participants' natural environments, enabling the measurement of within-person cognitive variation without the burden of repeated laboratory or clinic visits. This allowed us to evaluate reliability and validity in samples that differed in their expected degree of cognitive variability as well as the method of recruitment. The results demonstrate excellent between-person reliability (ranging from 0.95 to 0.99) and construct validity of cognitive EMA in both the sample of adults with T1D and community sample. Within-person reliability in both samples (ranging from 0.20 to 0.80) was comparable with that observed in previous studies in healthy older adults. As expected, the full-length baseline and EMA versions of TestMyBrain tests correlated highly with one another and loaded together on the expected cognitive domains when using exploratory factor analysis. Interruptions had higher negative impacts on accuracy-based outcomes (β=-.34 to -.26; all P values <.001) than on reaction time-based outcomes (β=-.07 to -.02; P<.001 to P=.40). We demonstrated that ultrabrief mobile assessments are both reliable and valid across 2 very different clinic versus community samples, despite the conditions in which cognitive EMAs are administered, which are often associated with more noise and variability. The psychometric characteristics described here should be leveraged appropriately depending on the goals of the cognitive assessment (eg, diagnostic vs everyday functioning) and the population being studied.