Content Validity Research Articles

Development and validation of the mindful eating scale (mind-eat scale) in a general population

BackgroundMindful eating is a concept that is increasingly being used to promote healthy eating. Observational studies have suggested associations with healthier eating behaviors, lower weight status, and favorable cardiovascular biomarkers. However, existing scales assessing mindful eating have some limitations. Our study aimed to develop and validate a scale assessing the level of mindful eating in a general population. MethodsThe Mind-Eat Scale was developed in four main steps: 1. Generating an initial item pool covering all aspects of mindful eating; 2. Reviewing items with experts and naive individuals; 3. Administering the scale to a large and representative sample from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (N = 3102); 4. Conducting psychometric analyses. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory (EFA) (N1 = 1302) and confirmatory (CFA) (N2 = 1302, N3 = 498) factor analyses. Content, discriminant, convergent, and divergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were examined. ResultsThe initial pool of 95 items was refined to 24 items using EFA. The EFA highlighted six dimensions: Awareness, Non-reactivity, Openness, Gratitude, Non-judgement, and Hunger/Satiety, consisting of four items per dimension. CFAs showed a good fit for first and second-order models. Adequate content validity was confirmed. Discriminant, convergent, and divergent validity were supported by significant differences between subgroups of individuals, and correlations with eating behaviors and psychological well-being scales. The Mind-Eat Scale showed good reliability for all six dimensions, with high McDonald's ω and adequate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). ConclusionsThis study validated the first tool assessing a total mindful eating score and its sub-dimensions in a general population. This scale can be an asset for clinical and epidemiological research on dietary behavior and related chronic diseases.

Towards a Culturally Adapted JVQ: Rasch Model Validation among Adolescents in India

Purpose: This study evaluates the psychometric properties of Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) based on the lifetime victimization and traumatic experiences reported by Indian adolescents. Method: A cohort of 350 adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years, from various schools in Aligarh District of India participated in this study. Result: The JVQ’s content validity using Fleiss Kappa analysis, Unidimensionality, and item and person reliability were assessed through rasch measurement model. Moreover, the analysis yielded promising result for the JVQ, indicating high reliability, the Fleiss Kappa score of 0.92 suggest an almost perfect agreement, while the person and item reliability scores were recorded at 0.70 and 0.90, respectively. Conclusion: This initial study supports the JVQ’s potential reliability and validity, suggesting it could be foundational tool for broader research across multiple locations.

The Ergonomic Behaviors Evaluation Tool (EBET) based on social cognitive theory for the assembly line workers: development and psychometric assessment

BackgroundErgonomic behaviors play a crucial role in preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). To measure these behaviors, this research aimed to develop and evaluate an ergonomic behaviors tool (EBET) based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) among women workers on assembly lines (WwAL).MethodsThe study was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 with a focus on the psychometric assessment of EBET. Initially, a literature review and interviews were carried out to identify crucial concepts and primary items. The questionnaire’s validity was evaluated using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI). To determine the domains of the tool, construct validity was examined by administering the items to 270 eligible women. The reliability of the tool was assessed using McDonald’s Omega coefficient.ResultsFrom a total of 67 primary items, 50 were confirmed. The study demonstrated good validity with CVR = 0.92 and CVI = 0.97, along with reliable results indicated by McDonald’s Omega coefficient of 0.74. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed ten distinct dimensions: outcome expectations, outcome expectancies, normative beliefs, perceived barriers, social support, observational learning, reinforcement, behavioral skills, self-efficacy, and intention. Together, these dimensions accounted for 66.25% of the variance in the data. Additionally, the confirmatory factor analysis results supported the presence of these ten constructs and demonstrated a satisfactory fit.ConclusionsEBET is a dependable and valid instrument for evaluating the ergonomic behaviors of workers, utilizing the principles of SCT. Researchers can employ EBET to gather data and implement suitable training interventions to enhance ergonomic behavior among WwAL. However, it is crucial to recognize that EBET may not encompass all facets of ergonomic behaviors. Therefore, it is imperative for future research to prioritize the evaluation of EBET’s suitability among diverse worker populations and to consider additional dimensions of ergonomics to ensure its wider applicability and effectiveness.

Designing and Psychometric Evaluation of a Questionnaire for Assessing Society's Perception of Flash Flood Risk

Background: Public perception of risks associated with natural disasters like flash floods significantly influences disaster management effectiveness. Flash floods pose a major threat to life and property, and a lack of tools to evaluate societal risk perception creates a critical gap. Objectives: This study aimed to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire specifically assessing society's perception of flash flood risk. Methods: A two-stage approach was employed. The first stage involved collecting questionnaire items through a systematic literature review and a qualitative study. In the second stage, a comprehensive psychometric evaluation was conducted, including assessments of face validity, content validity, and construct validity. Reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was further conducted with data collected from 136 community members who had experienced flash floods. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 and AMOS software. Results: A combination of qualitative data and systematic review findings facilitated the development of 36 initial questionnaire items. Applying quantitative and qualitative construct validity measures led to the refinement of the instrument, resulting in 29 final items categorized into three domains: Risk perception (12 items), awareness (10 items), and preparedness (7 items). The internal consistency of the instrument was confirmed by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88. Factor analysis further supported the good fit of the hypothesized model to the data. Conclusions: This study successfully developed and rigorously evaluated a questionnaire to assess society's perception of flash flood risk. This instrument offers valuable insights for informed decision-making and identification of factors influencing risk perception, ultimately contributing to improved disaster preparedness and management.

Using Content Relevance and Representativeness Indices in Instrument Revision

ABSTRACT Combining methods from earlier content validity and more contemporary content alignment studies may allow a more complete evaluation of the meaning of test scores than if either set of methods is used on its own. This article distinguishes item relevance indices in the content validity literature from test representativeness indices in the subsequent content alignment literature. We then demonstrate that setting minimum thresholds for both types of indices in a sequential process can affect conclusions about test content representativeness, which are integral to validity evaluation. We illustrate this outcome using test item-to-target domain objective match data from subject-matter expert panelists who reviewed sixteen US state achievement tests. Although the illustration incorporates educational achievement test data, the process has broader applicability to development of survey questionnaires, workplace tests, and other instruments.

Psychometric properties of Persian version of advance care planning questionnaire among older adults in Iran

IntroductionAdvanced age is associated with life-threatening conditions at the end of life. Many of these persons at the end of their lives cannot make decisions because of the variable consciousness. They are able to make decisions and identify their care priorities, in a process called advanced care planning. So, an instrument is required for investigating ACP of the elderly population. This study was performed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the advanced care planning questionnaire(ACPQ) in elderly population referring to Tehran.MethodThis methodological study was performed in five hospitals in 2021–2022. A total of 390 eligible elderlies were included. The psychometric assessment including translation, face validity, content validity were performed Alsothe exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were assessed. Reliability were done by internal consistency by assessing Cronbach alpha and stability was performed using test-retest.ResultsThe face validity of the instrument was performed with minor changes. The content validity index for all of the items was above 0.79. In EFA four factors was extracted also CFA showed that the four-factor model has a good fit of the data (RMSEA: 0.04; NFI: 0.97 CFI: 0.99; IFI: 0.99; RFI: 0.96; AGFI: 0.87; GFI 0/90; standardized RMR: 0.02). Cronbach alpha and ICC were 0.72–0.94 and 0.85–0.96, respectively.ConclusionThe Persian version of the advance care planning questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties for measuring the advanced care planning of the elderly population. In addition, healthcare providers in Iran can employ this questionnaire in their practice and research.

Temporal validity reassessment: commonsense reasoning about information obsoleteness

It is useful for machines to know whether text information remains valid or not for various applications including text comprehension, story understanding, temporal information retrieval, and user state tracking on microblogs as well as via chatbot conversations. This kind of inference is still difficult for current models, including also large language models, as it requires temporal commonsense knowledge and reasoning. We approach in this paper the task of Temporal Validity Reassessment, inspired by traditional natural language reasoning to determine the updates of the temporal validity of text content. The task requires judgment whether actions expressed in a sentence are still ongoing or rather completed, hence, whether the sentence still remains valid or has become obsolete, given the presence of context in the form of a supplementary content such as a follow-up sentence. We first construct our own dataset for this task and train several machine learning models. Then we propose an effective method for learning information from an external knowledge base that gives information regarding temporal commonsense knowledge. Using our prepared dataset, we introduce a machine learning model that incorporates the information from the knowledge base and demonstrate that incorporating external knowledge generally improves the results. We also experiment with different embedding types to represent temporal commonsense knowledge as well as with data augmentation methods to increase the size of our dataset.

Cognitive testing of the Children's Palliative Outcome Scale (C-POS) with children, young people and their parents/carers.

The Children's Palliative Outcome Scale (C-POS) is being developed using best methodological guidance on outcome measure development, This recommends cognitive testing, an established method of item improvement, prior to psychometric testing. To cognitively test C-POS within the target population to establish comprehensibility, comprehensiveness, relevance and acceptability. Cross-sectional cognitive interview study following COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology and Rothrock guidance on outcome measure development. Cognitive interviews were conducted using 'think aloud' and verbal probing techniques. Children 5-⩽17 years old with life-limiting conditions and parents/carers of children with life-limiting conditions were recruited from 14 UK sites. Forty-eight individuals participated (36 parents; 12 children) in cognitively testing the five versions of C-POS over two to seven rounds. Content and length were acceptable, and all questions were considered important. Refinements were made to parent/carer versions to be inclusive of non-verbal children such as changing 'share' to 'express' feelings; and 'being able to ask questions' to 'having the appropriate information'. Changes to improve comprehensibility of items such as 'living life to the fullest' were also made. Parents reported that completing an outcome measure can be distressing but this is anticipated and that being asked is important. Cognitive interviewing has facilitated refinement of the C-POS, especially for non-verbal children who represent a large proportion of those with a life-limiting condition. This study has enhanced the face and content validity of the measure and provided preliminary evidence for acceptability for use in routine practice.

Development of a Scale to Assess University Faculty’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Special Education

Development of a Scale to Assess University Faculty’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Special Education

Design and Development Research: Kounin Refugee Classroom Management Module for Limbongan Refugee Learning Centre

The purpose of this study is to design and develop a classroom management module based on the six strategies of Kounin Model for Limbongan Refugee Learning Centre (LRLC) Melaka. The study employs three-phased Design and Development Research (DDR), a multi- method design. In the first phase, a review of literature on refugee education and Needs Analysis was conducted at LRLC to explore their lacks, wants and needs through focus group discussion. The data was collected and analysed utilizing deductive Thematic Analysis manually. Thus, the finding was that the novice teachers do require material and training in to effectively manage refugee classrooms since they lack the necessary abilities. This therefore led to the second phase of DDR, in which a module was created namely, Kounin Refugee Classroom Management Module (KRCMM) by incorporating the six strategies of the Kounin Classroom Management Model (KCMM). During the designing and development of the Kounin Classroom Management Module (KRCMM), ten experts were engaged to conduct preliminary content validation of the draft. To get to experts’ consensus, KRCMM had to go through three rounds of fuzzy Delphi. According to the findings, every item had an expert agreement percentage of 90% or higher, that item defuzzification values were more than α - cut = 0.8, and that all items had Threshold (d) < 0.2 values. This indicates that every item has been maintained and has garnered expert consensus. While in the third stage, the perceived usefulness and ease of use of KRCMM were examined from the perspectives of six LRLC participants. Thematic Analysis was used to gather and analyze data inductively utilizing QDA Miner, an analytical tool. According to usability test result, KRCMM was deemed useful and easy to use by five out of six participants

Translation and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian 8-Item Internalized Transphobia (IT) Scale in Iranian Transgenders

Objective: Internalized transphobia (IT) is influenced by societal norms and expectations, and it can have significant negative effects on the well-being and mental health of transgender individuals. The aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian 8-item IT scale among Iranian transgender individuals in order to enhance the quality and quantity of research in this field. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional and methodological study utilized convenience sampling to recruit 119 transgender individuals in Mashhad, the second most populous city in Iran, in 2021. The Persian translation of the IT scale was developed using the backward-forward translation method. Subsequently, various types of validity and reliability were assessed, including content validity using the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR), face validity based on the impact score, construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest stability analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The CVR ranged from 0.600 to 1, the CVI ranged from 0.800 to 1, and the impact score exceeded 1.5, indicating the appropriate content and face validity of the 8-item IT scale. The construct validity analysis revealed that the questionnaire is one-dimensional. The internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.917, and the ICC for test-retest stability was 0.871. Conclusion: The Persian version of the IT scale demonstrated high and acceptable psychometric properties. The brevity of this scale facilitates its dissemination and utilization in clinical settings

Development of a disaster preparedness training program for community leaders: Evidence from Taiwan

Community leaders are vital in enhancing community disaster preparedness through empowerment, consensus-building, and public engagement. Despite existing programs, Taiwan lacks essential elements like disaster risk perception and healthcare responses. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive training program that incorporates community leaders' perspectives to address these gaps. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach in a two-step process to develop a theory-based training program for community leaders. The first step involved developing a disaster preparedness training program, identifying core elements through literature reviews on the contents and the protection motivation theory, and conducting qualitative interviews with community leaders to assess their training needs. In the second step, the content of the developed training program was validated. Suggestions from five male community leaders were integrated into program development, resulting in four major themes: community resource linkage, protection and assistance for vulnerable groups, evacuation and sheltering, and health care. The developed disaster preparedness training program was named the R3_SAF3E training program. Content validity was assessed by five experts, with item-level content validity indexes (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index/averaging (S-CVI/Ave) both were 1, and scale-level content validity index/universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) was 0.94. This is the first study in Taiwan to integrate the protection motivation theory based on community leaders’ disaster preparedness needs. The training program demonstrate strong content validity. The results of this study can be used to plan disaster preparedness training for other programs to assist residents in enhancing their disaster preparedness.

A psychometric assessment of a novel scale for evaluating vaccination attitudes amidst a major public health crisis

Despite abundant scientific evidence supporting immunization benefits, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant global health concern, particularly during public health crises. Exploring public attitudes towards vaccination is crucial. This study aimed to develop and validate a tailored Public Vaccination Attitudes Scale specifically under the unique circumstances of a public health crisis. A psychometric evaluation was conducted using a cross-sectional study during the peak of a major public health crisis. The scale was developed and its psychometric properties validated using three approaches: (1) generating the item pool through literature research and focus group discussions; (2) assessing the items through expert consultation; and (3) evaluating construct validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data from a total of 3921 respondents were randomly divided into two subsets, one for EFA (n = 1935) and the other for CFA (n = 1986). A 22-item draft scale with five factors was created after literature research and focus group discussion. The content validity of this scale ranged between 0.88 and 1.00. EFA showed a 17-item scale with four factors (Cronbach’s α > 0.7) accounting for 68.044% of the total variance. CFA showed that the values of the fit indices, including convergent validity and discriminant validity, were excellent or acceptable. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.874, and each factor ranged from 0.726 to 0.885. This study introduces a valuable tool for assessing vaccination attitudes during public health crises, aiding researchers, policymakers, and nurses in combating vaccine hesitancy. Emphasizing the importance of fostering vaccine acceptance, it enhances disease control during emergencies, contributing to the knowledge needed for more effective public health strategies and crisis responses

Activity Card Sort’s existence and execute in various languages and versions: A scoping review

Background: Activity Card Sort (ACS) measures patient activity participation, especially in older adults. It was developed to evaluate instrumental, social, and leisure activities of low and high demand in various populations. Transferring an ACS tool between diverse settings is challenging due to significant socio-economic, linguistic, and environmental impacts. Hence, to tailor ACS tools to a specific society’s socio-cultural context, comprehension of the accessible validated ACS tools and their psychometric attributes is essential. Objective: This scoping review was conducted to explore the availability of the ACS tool and to summarize the psychometric properties, such as the reliability and validity, of different languages and versions of ACS available worldwide. Materials and methods: A search was performed in PubMed, PsycNET, Cochrane, and Embase. Two independent reviewers conducted the screening process and extracted the data. The total sample included 370 articles, of which 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing information on psychometric properties. English and non-English versions (Arabic, Dutch, and Spanish) in different populations were included. Results: Among the 26 studies in this review, most ACS studies used the English version (62.5%). All the reported studies revealed “good” internal consistency, in which the Cronbach’s alpha (α) ranges between 0.61 and 0.91. Test-retest reliability was measured using ICC values ranging from 0.78 to 0.98 for numeric data and Kappa statistics for binary data. Two studies used Kappa statistics to test the reliability, which ranged from 0.48 to 0.85 for all domains, indicating moderate to good reliability. Measures of content validation, face validity, concurrent, convergent, and discriminative validity were also reported. Conclusion: Good psychometric properties were reported. No study is available on the Indian population using the ACS tool. Hence, developing and validating an ACS tool for the Tamil Nadu population is needed.

The International Female Coital Incontinence Questionnaire: Translation, Validation, and Reliability Study of the Persian Version.

This study was aimed at validating the Persian version of the International Female Coital Incontinence Questionnaire (IFCI-Q). In the current study, 150 sexually active women with complaints of any kind of sexual dysfunction from January 2022 to July 2023, who were referred to urogynecology outpatient clinics, completed the IFCI-Q. Age ≥ 18 years and sexually active women were the inclusion criteria for the study. Quantitative calculations were made to determine the content validity ratio and content validity index. A test-retest procedure was utilized to determine the scale reliability. The mean (SD) age of participants was 35.66 (7.03) years. Among a total of 150 women, 21 (14.0%) had coital incontinence (CI), and this disorder happened during penetration in 11 cases (7.3%), orgasm in 9 (6.1%), or both conditions in one woman (0.7%). The intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) was 0.79 (0.74, 0.84), and the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.89. A positive association between the Female Sexual Function Index and the IFCI-Q was also demonstrated by the criteria validity (r = 0. 87 and p = 0.001). Regarding validity and reliability, the Persian version of the IFCI-Q can properly evaluate CI in women with sexual dysfunction or complaining of CI.

Development of the imagination-creativity process scale in design

In this study, the undergraduate students’ Imagination–Creativity Process Scale (ICPS) in design was developed with reference to the Imagination–Creativity Process in design (Wang & Ho, 2021), and the scale reliability and validity were tested. Two samples of undergraduate students participated in test development, one for item revision and the other for validation. Sample 1 and 2 consisted of 285 and 488 students, respectively. Five to ten items were created for each scale dimension, resulting in a total of 31 items scored using a five-point Likert scale. A multidimensional Rasch partial-credit model was employed to verify the content and structural validity, generalizability, substantive validity, interpretive validity, and external validity of the scale. 30 items were retained for the final version of ICPS in design. The person separation reliabilities were 0.84, 0.83, 0.86, and 0.83, respectively for the four dimensions of the scale: (1) ideation and analysis, (2) generation and revision, (3) implementation and evaluation, and (4) communication and optimization. The results indicated that the ICPS had good model–data fit and was suitable for measuring undergraduate students’ Imagination–Creativity Process in design. Recommendations for future studies were proposed regarding the development and application of the ICPS in design.

Impacts of social media use on occupations of youths with hearing disability in a special education school in upper northern Thailand

Background: Social media have been used increasingly in the daily lives of the global population. Youths with hearing disability participate in many activities through social media, as do those in general. However, due to their hearing loss, they may experience different impacts, particularly in the special education context. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of social media use on occupations of youths with hearing disability, and the relationship of activity limitation and participation restriction in the special education school context. Materials and methods: The participants comprised 92 youths with hearing disability, who were studying in a special education school. The research instrument was a questionnaire in two forms: paper-based and a sign language video clip. It was presented with acceptable content validity (IOC=0.60-1.00), good internal consistency reliability (α=0.88) and moderate stability reliability (ICC=0.70). Results: Results showed that most of the participants had their own smart phone and used a hearing aid for access to social media. Frequency of social media use was daily for 1-3 hour(s) per day. Overall, most of the participants had no activity limitation or participation restriction in their occupations, but they showed a minimal level of limitation and restriction in education. In terms of social media use, most of the youths presented a positive impact on occupations, particularly in social participation. The overall results indicated the relationship between activity limitation and participation restriction and impacts of social media use on occupations (r= -0.293, p=0.005). When considering each type of occupation, the results indicated the relationships of education, work, and social participation significantly. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed the relationship between activity limitation and participation restriction and overall impacts of social media use on occupations. These findings were applied to social media use, particularly in parts of the text and virtual networks, as an optional channel for providing occupational therapy services and accessing meaningful occupations for youths with hearing disability.

Abstract PO3-11-09: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of lymphedema patient-reported outcome measurements in Chinese breast cancer patients

Abstract Background: Lymphedema is one of the most common complains reported by breast cancer survivors, which negatively affects the quality of life (QoL). Various internationally recognized patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), such as the Upper Limb Lymphedema 27 (ULL-27), Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health questionnaire (Lymph-ICF), Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire for upper limbs (LYMQOL-ARM), and Lymphedema Life Impact Scale Version 2 (LLIS), have been translated into different languages and widely used to assess QoL in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). However, limited evidence has proved the efficiency of these tools in Chinese patients. In this study, we performed cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of these four PROMs within the Chinese context. Additionally, we also compared the accuracy in detecting BCRL for early diagnosis. Methods: A process of forward–backward translation and cultural adaptation was conducted based on international standards. Content validity was assessed through patient interviews. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The correlation analysis of the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) and each BCRL QoL questionnaires was utilized to indicate the convergent and divergent validity. Clinical validity was assessed by comparing scores among patients with different BCRL stages. Furthermore, questionnaires scores and the known group of lymphedema or not were compared to generate receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of these instruments. Results: A total of 204 female breast cancer patients were recruited in this study. Among them, 104 patients (61 with lymphedema and 43 without lymphedema) finished LYMQOL-ARM and ULL-27 questionnaire, while 100 patients (59 with lymphedema and 41 without lymphedema) were assessed by Lymph-ICF and LLIS. The internal consistency was high, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.9 for all subscales and global scales. The content validity was generally good, except for a few issues reported by the patients. Convergent and divergent validity confirmed the hypotheses of correlation between the tested questionnaire and SF-36 to varying degrees: 100% for ULL-27, 80% for Lymph-ICF, nearly 70% for LLIS, and only 50% for LYMQOL-ARM. LLIS and Lymph-ICF demonstrated strong clinical validity, with significant differences found in total and subscale scores among participants in different BCRL stages (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences between stages for the mood dimension (P=0.132) of LYMQOL-ARM, psychological dimension (P=0.506), social dimension (P=0.083), and total score (P=0.057) of ULL-27. Only the physical concerns and global scale of LLIS and the symptom subscale of Lymph-ICF exhibited acceptable AUC values near 0.7 (AUC 0.725, 95% CI 0.625-0.825, p< 0.029; AUC 0.680, 95% CI 0.573-0.787, p< 0.002; AUC 0.734, 95% CI 0.633-0.834, p< 0.001, respectively). In contrast, other subscales and questionnaires displayed lower AUC values. Conclusion: Lymphedema is a chronic disease that has a relatively low mortality risk but significantly affects the quality of life. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize patient-reported outcomes in the assessment of lymphedema. Among the four PROMs, LLIS not only showed high internal consistency and content validity more suitable for Chinese patients, but also exhibited better performance in reflecting the presence and severity of lymphedema patients. Consequently, the validated and reliable Chinese version of LLIS is recommended for clinical and scientific practices in the assessment of BCRL, which will help to provide better interventions with a patient-centered focus. Citation Format: Yue Zhou, Bingqiu Xiu, Qi Zhang, Jiong Wu. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of lymphedema patient-reported outcome measurements in Chinese breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-11-09.

A Scale to Measure the Psychological Impact on Farmers during Pandemic Conditions (Covid-19)

The recent outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic resulted in global lockdown creating huge economic cost and cascading impact on different sections of society including the farming community. The farmers though directly faced socio economic impact there reported psychological distress due to anxiety, depression etc. Hence the objective of measuring the psychological impact of Covid-19 on farming community was taken up. As there were no proper measuring instruments for measuring the psychological impact especially of the farmers, a need was thus realized for constructing a specific scale. Hence, the Likerts summated rating scale procedure was followed by considering 8 dimensions. Initially 110 statements were sent to judges rating and the statements with relevancy weightage of 0.80 and above were retained. Then it was administered to farmers in non sample area for item analysis and after ‘t’ test 32 statements were retained. The Cronbach’s alpha test to measure the internal consistency of components was 0.895 and the split half method, followed for measuring the items reliability showed ‘r’ is 0.734. The scale validity was measured using face and content validity. Thus the scale has both validity and reliability. The finally developed scale consists of 32 statements under 8 different dimensions.

Institutional and Societal Challenges in the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Transformation of Senior Secondary Education in Rivers State

The study examined Institutional and Societal Challenges in the Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for transformation of Senior Secondary Education in Rivers State. Three research questions and hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted with a population of 6859 teachers and principals in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State. The sample of the study was 823 which represents 12% of the entire population. A 4-point Likert scale self-structured questionnaire titled Societal and Institutional Challenges to the Utilization of Information and Technology for Secondary Education Questionnaire (SICUICTQ) was used for the study. The instrument which was made up of 30 items had its face and the content validity determined by three experts from the Department of measurement and evaluations while the reliability of the instrument was estimated to be 0.89 using Cronbach alpha coefficient. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer all research questions while the z test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level significance. A criterion mean of 2.50 was used as the cut-off mean. Any mean greater than 2.50 was regarded as high extent while mean less than 2.50 was low extent. Findings of the study revealed that the availability of ICT facilities in secondary schools was to a low extent, ICT utilization was to a low extent due to lack of training, funding and that funding challenges affect the utilization of ICT for secondary Education Transformation in Rivers State to a high extent. The study recommended amongst others that for the transformation of the secondary educational system, the government and stakeholders of secondary education should provide ICT facilities in schools as well as look into the challenges of utilizing ICT for enhanced utilization of ICT for secondary education transformation.