sIgA Content Research Articles

A polysaccharide found in Paulownia fortunei flowers can enhance cellular and humoral immunity in chickens.

A water-soluble polysaccharide known as Paulownia fortunei flower polysaccharide (PFFPS) was isolated from the flowers of Paulownia fortunei. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that approximately 92.5% of PFFPS fractions had molecular weights under 500 kDa. High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) analysis revealed that PFFPS was composed of 10 monosaccharides, including galactose (28.61%), rhamnose (18.09%), glucose (15.21%), and arabinose (15.91%). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed the specific absorption peaks of the polysaccharide. Using in vivo tests in chickens, we found that even very low doses of PFFPS could significantly promote the development of the immune organs, increase the quantity of leukocytes and the ratio of lymphocytes, and improve antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In addition, PFFPS also increased the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ, as well as the content of SIgA in the duodenum. Furthermore, PFFPS was found to be able to relieve immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX). This study therefore suggests that PFFPS may be a valuable component of new immunopotentiator and/or adjuvant for the livestock and poultry industries.

Effects of Methionine Deficiency on the B Lymphocyte and Immunoglobulins of Cecal Tonsil in Cobb Broilers

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted on one-day-old broilers to investigate the effects of methionine deficiency on B lymphocytes and immunoglobulins (sIgA, IgA, IgG, IgM) in the cecal tonsil of Cobb broiler chicken. Methods including immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) were used, and the study lasted for 6 weeks. It was found that the IgA+ B lymphocytes mainly existed in the diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphoid follicles of the cecal tonsil. The data indicated that the number of IgA+ B lymphocytes was decreased in the methionine deficiency group, and the WB and qRT-PCR results suggested that the protein and mRNA expression of CD19 were reduced in the methionine deficiency group. Besides, the contents of sIgA, IgA, IgG and IgM determined by ELISA decreased in the methionine deficiency group. It could be concluded that methionine deficiency exerts significantly negative effects on the humoral immune function of the intestinal mucosal immunity.

Human milk sIgA antibody in relation to maternal nutrition and infant vulnerability in northern Kenya.

BackgroundThe maternal buffering hypothesis posits that human lactation biology can buffer milk against the mild-to-moderate malnutrition that occurred routinely in evolutionary history through the mobilization of maternal body reserves. This perspective may provide insights for understanding human milk immune content variation, such as milk sIgA, which protects infants’ intestines from microbial colonization and prevents diarrheal disease.ObjectiveTo investigate how maternal delivery of sIgA to milk may vary in a way that can buffer milk against maternal malnutrition, while taking into consideration infants’ varying needs for immune protection across age or by sex.MethodologyA cross-sectional study analyzed archived milk specimens from breastfeeding mothers in Ariaal communities of northern Kenya surveyed during the 2006 Horn-of-Africa drought. Multiple regression models for ln-transformed sIgA were constructed using maternal nutrition, infant age/sex and their interactions as predictors. Maternal nutrition variables included iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Infant vulnerability was considered high in young age and/or male sex.Results and implicationsMilk sIgA did not significantly differ by maternal IDA. Milk sIgA increased with infant age and maternal MUAC (n = 202). Significant interactions were observed between infant age and maternal VAD and between infant sex and maternal MUAC, such that milk sIgA content was low for younger infants particularly among VAD mothers, while among mothers with low MUAC, sIgA was lower for male infants. Results imply that mothers’ ability to deliver/buffer milk sIgA may be lowered when nutritional stress is combined with high infant vulnerability to infection.Lay SummaryHuman milk sIgA antibody content was low for younger infants among vitamin A deficient mothers. Among mothers with small arm-circumference, milk sIgA was lower for sons. Double burden of raising young or male infants with high needs for immune protection and being malnourished, might lower maternal sIgA delivery to milk.

Effects of none-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs on the oral immune system and oral microbial composition in rats.

Antibiotics and none-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often taken orally to treat human diseases. The use of these drugs adversely could affect the natural oral microbiota composition and oral immune system. In the meanwhile, it may break the original balance of oral micro-ecosystem. Exploring this change is of great importance to host health. In this study, we took 20 SD rats and divided them into four groups of five rats each. Each of these groups was administered specified doses of amoxicillin (AMX), ornidazole (ORD), aspirin (ASP), or purified water (CTR), using oral gavage daily for 14 days. High-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the microbiota difference in the four groups of rats once the oral gavage completed. ELISA kit was used to determine IgG and SIgA content, to understand the effect of the drugs on the oral immune system. We found that oral bacterial composition, IgG and sIgA were significantly affected by the use of these drugs. No matter which medication the rats takes, oral microbiota diversity increase significantly. At the genus level, The Lactobacillaceae, which is essential to the human food digest, raised in the aspirin take group. Staphylococcus and Pasteurella increased in the ornidazole group. Klebsiella, Corynebacterium rose significantly in the amoxicillin group. In normal oral cavity without taking the task medicine, Streptococcus, Pasteurella, and Rothia were in a relatively high abundance. IgG and SIgA content also changed by using these drugs, thus indicating applied those drugs impact of the oral immune system. Our results indicate that antibiotic and none-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could influence the oral microbiota composition, which could also destroy the original oral micro-ecosystem environment. The non-antibiotic drug effect on the oral microbiota and oral immune system similar to the antibiotic drug. All these changes may have a negative influence on host health.

Polysaccharide from natural Cordyceps sinensis ameliorated intestinal injury and enhanced antioxidant activity in immunosuppressed mice

Polysaccharide is one of the main bioactive substances in Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polysaccharide from natural C. sinensis (CSP) on intestinal mucosal immunity and antioxidant activity in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced intestinal immunosuppressed mice, further to explore the potential mechanism. Results showed that in mice with Cy-induced intestinal injury, the supplement of CSP (25, 50, 100 mg/kg·bw) significantly increased the levels of goblet cells and mucus in intestine in a dose-dependent manner. The formation of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-secreting cells and the secretory IgA (sIgA) contents were promoted obviously in CSP groups. Furthermore, CSP significantly promoted the secretion or mRNA expression of T helper (Th) 1 style cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12 p40, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in addition to Th1 style transcription factor T-bet. Besides, the levels of Th2 style cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10 and transcription factor GATA-3, were also improved. The value of T-bet/GATA-3, as well as IFN-γ/IL-4 was increased obviously. These results indicated that CSP effectively enhanced intestinal mucosal immunity and regulated polarization of Th1/Th2 cells. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in liver were increased significantly, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased dose-dependently. In conclusion, CSP effectively ameliorated Cy-induced intestinal injury in mice, which provided a good suggestion of the potential utilization of CSP as a natural immunopotentiator and antioxidant.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF THE ORAL LIQUID OF CHILDREN WITH DIFFUSIVE NON-TOXIC DAMAGE

Introduction. Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of oral tissue sisrealized through cellular and humoral factors of specific and nonspecific resistance, the functioning of which is determined by the over all somatic state of the child's body.Aim of study. Study the features of local defense mechanisms of the oral cavity in the pathology of periodontal tissues and the odontogenic inflammatory processin children with diffuse non-toxic goiter.Materials and methods. 65 children with a diffuse non toxic goiter aged 12-15 years with different dental status were examined: healthy; patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis; patients with odontogen icinflammatory processes. Control group sconsisted of somatically healthy children with similar dental diseases of the same age. Local oral immunity was evaluated by determining the content of sIgA, IgA, IgG by simple radial diffusion in agar according to G. Manchini (1963) using monospecific standard antisera against the immunoglobulin classes studied, lysozymeactivityby G. Gorin (1971) in modification A. P. Levitskyand A.A. Zhiginoi (1974) and levels of IL-1β, IL-4 bythe method of enzyme immunoassay.Results. Immunological studies have shown that in children with diffuse nontoxic goiter, a decrease in lysozyme activity in the oral fluid is observed both in the studied dental pathology and in healthy oral tissues. The level of sIgA also decreases by about 20%. There is an increase in the IgG content and a tendency toward an increase in the IgA level, which indicates an increase in the local immunity of the oral cavity in children with diffuse non-toxic goiter. The content of IL-1β and IL-4 in these children varies more than in somatically healthy children.Conclusion. 1. In children with diffuse non toxic goiter, there is a violation of local oral defense mechanisms, which are characterized by a decrease in sIgA, an increase in IgA and IgG, a decrease in lysozyme activity and an imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. 2. An increase in the severity of dental pathology leads to an increase in the tension of local defense-compensatory reactions.

Immunomodulatory effect of low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharide on immunosuppressive mice

Low molecular-weight seleno-aminopolysaccharides (LSA) have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities in vitro. In the present study, we further investigated the immunomodulatory effect of LSA on immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA) and its molecular mechanism. The results demonstrated that LSA could significantly increase spleen and thymus indices, proliferation of splenic lymphocyte, the secretion of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ) of serum and ileum, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content of small intestine. LSA dramatically improved the gene expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ in small intestine by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, our data indicated that LSA could significantly increase the gene expression levels of IL-1β and iNOS in RAW264.7 cells. LSA was further shown to remarkably promote inhibitor kappa Bα (IκBα) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation with western blot analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that LSA has immunomodulatory activity on immunosuppressive mice and macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and its mechanism may be related to activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Simultaneous Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Antibiotic Growth Promoters by Stages Improved Intestinal Function of Pullets by Altering Gut Microbiota.

Early nutrition of pullets could determine the overall development and the performance of laying hens. With the aim to reduce the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and to maintain the growth and development of pullets, the effect of simultaneous short-termed supplementation of AGPs (bacitracin zinc 20 mg/kg and colistin sulfate 4 mg/kg) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) DSM17299 probiotic, as well as the effect of supplementation of AGPs (bacitracin zinc 20 mg/kg and colistin sulfate 4 mg/kg) during the whole period (0~16 weeks) on the overall growth and development, intestinal health, and caecal microbiota of pullets were evaluated. In the present study, a total of 630 one-day-old Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly distributed into five equal groups: including the AGPs group (supplemented with AGPs based on basal diets for 16 weeks), the BA3 group (supplemented with AGPs and B. subtilis based on basal diets for 3 weeks), the BA6 group (for 6 weeks), the BA12 group (for 12 weeks), and the BA16 group (for 16 weeks). When compared with the AGPs group, the supplementation of AGPs + B. subtilis for the first 3 weeks could maintain overall growth performance, including the average body weight, average feed intake, average daily weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of pullets at 3, 6, 12, and 16 weeks of age (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the characteristic growth indexes in different periods were separately measured. At 3 weeks of age, the amylase activity in ileum was elevated (P = 0.028), and the length of tibia was up to the standard in the BA3 group. At 12 weeks of age, the increased villus height (P = 0.046) of jejunum, increased villus height (P = 0.023) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P = 0.012) of ileum, decreased crypt depth (P = 0.002) of ileum, and elevated mRNA levels of sucrase in jejunum (P < 0.05) were all identified in the BA3 group. At 16 weeks of age, the secreted immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in the jejunum mucosa of the BA3 group was greater than the other groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, altered intestinal microbiota was found in the BA3 group. Specifically, decreased amounts of Alistipes, Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Dehalobacterium, and Sutterella and increased amounts of Lactobacillus, Dorea, Ruminococcus, and Oscillospira were determined (P < 0.05) in the BA3 group at week 6. Meanwhile, decreased amounts of B. fragilis and C. leptum (P < 0.05) were identified in the BA3 group at week 12, which were found to be relevant for the improvement of intestinal morphology (P < 0.05) by Pearson analysis. In conclusion, simultaneous supplementation of AGP and B. subtilis for 0~3 weeks increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbiota in caecum in 0~6 weeks, then improved the intestinal morphology by elevating populations of B. fragilis and C. leptum in 7~16 weeks, and further upregulated sucrase expression and increased sIgA content in the intestinal mucosa in 13~16 weeks.

Dietary L-theanine alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress in yellow-feathered broilers

L-theanine, a natural nonprotein amino acid with a high biological activity, is reported to exert anti-stress properties. An experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary L-theanine on growth performance and immune function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. A total of 432 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments (control, antibiotic and L-theanine diets) with 2 subgroups of each (6 replicate cages; 12 birds/cage). Birds from each subgroup of the 3 dietary treatments were intra-abdominally injected with the same amount of LPS or saline at 24, 25, 26 d of age. Both dietary L-theanine and antibiotic improved (P < 0.05) the growth performance of birds before LPS injection (d 1 to 21). The effect of dietary L-theanine was better (P < 0.05) than that of antibiotic. Lipopolysaccharide decreased feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) from d 22 to 28 (P < 0.05), BWG and feed to gain ratio (F:G) from d 29 to 56 (P < 0.05), increased mortality in different growth periods (P < 0.05), elevated the levels of serum cortisol, α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) on d 24 and 25 (P < 0.05), reduced immune organ indexes and contents of jejunal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) on d 28 (P < 0.05). The decreased FI and BWG, as well as increased F:G and mortality in LPS-challenged birds, were alleviated by dietary L-theanine or antibiotic from d 29 to 56 and from d 1 to 56. Dietary L-theanine mitigated the elevated serum α1-AGP level on d 25, serum IL-6 concentration on d 24 and 26, and the decreased jejunal mucosal sIgA content on d 28 of the LPS-challenged birds. The results indicated that L-theanine had potential to alleviate LPS-induced immune stress in broilers.

Characterization and immunomodulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum JLK0142 isolated from fermented dairy tofu

A purified neutral exopolysaccharide (EPS) designated as EPS0142 was obtained from Lactobacillus plantarum JLK0142. EPS0142 consisted of glucose and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 2.13:1.06 and had a molecular weight of 1.34 × 105 Da. The FT-IR spectrum showed that EPS0142 had a typical polysaccharide absorption pattern. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra analysis showed the presence of N-acetylated sugar residues. EPS0142 had no toxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells and significantly improved their phagocytic activity and NO secretion in vitro. Further in vivo studies revealed that the spleen index and splenic lymphocyte proliferation activities of the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice treated with a middle-dose (50 mg/kg body weight) or a high-dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of EPS0142 were significantly increased (P < 0.01). In addition, the intestinal immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content and the serum levels of the cytokines, IL-2 and TNF-α, were also significantly (P < 0.05) improved in the high-dose EPS0142 group compared to that in the model control group. These data indicate that the EPS isolated from L. plantarum JLK0142 can effectively improve the immunomodulatory activity of RAW 264.7 cells and stimulate the immune system in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.

Effect of weaning age on intestinal mucosal morphology, permeability, gene expression of tight junction proteins, cytokines and secretory IgA in Wuzhishan mini piglets

To evaluate the effects of weaning age on intestinal mucosal morphology, expressions of tight junction proteins and inflammatory cytokines, as well as secretory IgA (sIgA) of Wuzhishan piglets, a total of 96 piglets at 1-day old with an average body weight of 0.56 ± 0.07 kg were randomly divided into four treatments with four replicates per treatment and 6 pigs per replicate. Piglets in those four treatments were weaned at the age of 21(21W), 28(28W), 35 (35W) and 42 (42W) days, respectively. Blood sample was collected for determining plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate at 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days old. The jejunum and ileum segments were collected for morphology analysis, and mucosa samples were collected for Real-time PCR and sIgA measurements at 56 days old. The results showed that: compared with the 21W groups, piglets in 35W and 42W groups significantly decreased DAO activity and D-lactate level at 28 to 35 days and 56 days old (p < .05), increased mRNA levels of occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal and ileal mucosa (p < .05) and claudin in ileal mucosa (p < .05) and reduced the sIgA contents in jejunum and ileum (p < .05) at 56 days old. By contrary, the intestinal mucosal morphology and mRNA levels of cytokines in jejuna and ileal mucosa at 56 days old were not significantly different among the treatments (p > .05). Results suggest that weaning at 35 or 42 days old may be beneficial to intestinal barrier function, whereas weaning at 21 days old promoted sIgA expression.

СОСТОЯНИЕ ИММУННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ЖЕНЩИН ВО ВТОРОМ ТРИМЕСТРЕ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ ПРИ ОБОСТРЕНИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ПРОСТОГО БРОНХИТА, ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОМ ГРИППОМ А(Н3N2)

The contents of anti-influenza antibodies, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were studied in 145 women in the second trimester of pregnancy. All women were divided into 5 groups. The first group included 30 women with the physiologic course of pregnancy. The second one consisted of 30 patients with chronic simple bronchitis (CB) in remission. The third group had 30 patients with the exacerbation of CB caused by influenza A(H3N2) (antibody titers were 1:16-1:64); the fourth group included 30 patients with CB, whose exacerbation was caused by influenza (antibody titers were 1:32-1:128). It was found out that in the second group there were higher concentrations of sIgA (7.34±0.37 mg/L) and CIC (0.191±0.006 units of optical density), than in the first group (5.86±0.43 mg/L, p&lt;0.05 and 0.095±0.003 units of optical density, respectively, p&lt;0.001). It can probably be explained by the stimulating influence of persistent virus infection on the local immunity and its important role in the development of autoimmune responses in pregnant women. In the fifth group unlike the third group there were registered minimal contents of sIgA: 3.86±0.25 mg/L (p&lt;0.001) and maximal level of CIC: 0.232±0.006 units of optical density (p&lt;0.001). The revealed changes suggested the decrease of local immune protection of airways and autoimmune alteration of a woman’s body caused by high intensity of humoral immunity to influenza virus A(H3N2) under exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis in patients in the second trimester of gestation.

СОСТОЯНИЕ ИММУННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ЖЕНЩИН ВО ВТОРОМ ТРИМЕСТРЕ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ ПРИ ОБОСТРЕНИИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ПРОСТОГО БРОНХИТА, ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОМ ГРИППОМ А(Н3N2)

The contents of anti-influenza antibodies, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were studied in 145 women in the second trimester of pregnancy. All women were divided into 5 groups. The first group included 30 women with the physiologic course of pregnancy. The second one consisted of 30 patients with chronic simple bronchitis (CB) in remission. The third group had 30 patients with the exacerbation of CB caused by influenza A(H3N2) (antibody titers were 1:16-1:64); the fourth group included 30 patients with CB, whose exacerbation was caused by influenza (antibody titers were 1:32-1:128). It was found out that in the second group there were higher concentrations of sIgA (7.34±0.37 mg/L) and CIC (0.191±0.006 units of optical density), than in the first group (5.86±0.43 mg/L, p&lt;0.05 and 0.095±0.003 units of optical density, respectively, p&lt;0.001). It can probably be explained by the stimulating influence of persistent virus infection on the local immunity and its important role in the development of autoimmune responses in pregnant women. In the fifth group unlike the third group there were registered minimal contents of sIgA: 3.86±0.25 mg/L (p&lt;0.001) and maximal level of CIC: 0.232±0.006 units of optical density (p&lt;0.001). The revealed changes suggested the decrease of local immune protection of airways and autoimmune alteration of a woman’s body caused by high intensity of humoral immunity to influenza virus A(H3N2) under exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis in patients in the second trimester of gestation.

Effects of dietary threonine supplementation on intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota of laying hens

The effects of supplemental dietary threonine (Thr) on laying performance, expression of intestinal mucin 2 (MUC2) and secretory IgA (sIgA), and intestinal microbiota of laying hens fed a low CP diet were investigated. A total of 240 Lohmann Brown laying hens, 28 wk of age, was allocated to 3 dietary treatments, each of which included 5 replicates of 16 hens. Hens were fed a control diet (16% CP), a low CP diet (14% CP), or a low CP diet supplemented with 0.3% L-Thr for 12 weeks. Chemical analyses of the diets for Thr are 0.49, 0.45, and 0.69%, respectively. Lowering dietary CP impaired egg production and egg mass of laying hens. Dietary Thr supplementation to the low CP diet increased (P <0.05) egg production and egg mass. In addition, ileal sIgA contents and MUC2 and sIgA mRNA expression were increased (P <0.05) by dietary Thr addition. Dietary CP reduction reduced (P <0.05) intestinal bacterial diversity, whereas dietary Thr supplementation to the low CP diet recovered the bacteria diversity and significantly increased the abundance of potential beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, dietary Thr supplementation to a low CP diet could affect intestinal health and hence productivity via regulating intestinal mucin and sIgA expression, and microbial population of laying hens.

ChTLR4 pathway activation by Astragalus polysaccharide in bursa of Fabricius

BackgroundThe Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway involves in the pathogen recognition and defense against infection in mammals. Considering that avian and mammalian TLR are differentially mediated, the action of a natural product on avian TLR4 pathway was unclear. High, medium and low doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), were treated the chicken at 7-days-old age by gavage. The sIgA level in the intestinal fluid, the expression of chTLR4 mRNA/protein in bursa of Fabricius as well as the expression of downstream molecules of chTLR4 (chMyD88, chTRIF, chNF-κB, chIRF3, chIFN-β and chTNF-α) were measured on alternate days.ResultsThe content of sIgA and the chTLR4 mRNA expression/protein level were increased in non-dose-dependent manner after APS supplement. Also, the expressions of a subset of MyD88-independent pathway genes were more than MyD88-independent, in particular with low doses of APS supplement for 7 days.ConclusionsThese suggest that administration of APS activates chTLR4 pathway in bursa of Fabricius in MyD88-independent pathway. Meanwhile, low dose of APS shows better performance regarding the activation of chTLR4 and regulation of MyD88-independent pathway.

Effects of Armillariella tabescens mycelia on the growth performance and intestinal immune response and microflora of early-weaned pigs.

This study was performed to evaluate effects of Armillariella tabescens (A. tabescens) on the growth performance and intestinal immune response and microflora in early-weaned pigs when used as feed additive. A. tabescens mycelia were added to basal diets at concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% or 0.9% (w/w). A total of 144 commercial cross-bred piglets were randomly allocated to one of these four diets and fed for 30days. The growth performance of early-weaned piglets displayed improvement with diets containing 0.1% and 0.3% dried mycelia powder from A. tabescens. Supplementing with 0.1% or 0.3% A. tabescens mycelia induced a 2.6- and three-fold increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in the jejunal mucosa, respectively, but had only a marginal effect on sIgA in the ileal mucosa. Expression of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the jejunal mucosa were elevated with A. tabescens mycelia administration. Increased amounts of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the jejunum, and decreased amounts of Escherichia coli in the jejunum and ileum were observed with the administration of A. tabescens-containing diets. This study demonstrated that A. tabescens had beneficial effects on the growth performance and intestinal microflora of early-weaned pigs.

Influences of inhaling glucocorticoid on sIgA and HBD-2,3 in pharyngeal mucosa of and T cell subsets in blood of patients with chronic persistent asthma

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the inhaled glucocorticoid therapy affects sIgA and HBD 2,3 secreted by mucous membrane of throat and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic persistent asthma. Method:One hundred patients diagnosed with chronic persistent asthma were randomly divided into control group (submitted to conventional non-hormonal therapy) and treatment group (submitted to inhaled glucocorticoid therapy) with 50 cases in each group. Ventolin aerosol had been promised in on demand use and the dosage of nonhormonal drugs should be adjusted according to the severity of illness in each group. No matter if asthma was fully under control or not, the observation would be terminated in 3 months. The secretion samples of pharyngeal mucosa and venous blood samples had been collected before and after treatment. The content of sIgA, HBD-2 and HBD-3 were detected by ELISA method. T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry.Result:Compared with control group, the content of sIgA, HBD-2 and HBD-3 were lower in treatment group(P<0.05). Nevertheless, there were no significant differences of T lymphocyte subsets including CD3+,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The inhaled glucocorticoid therapy could bring adverse effects on the immune function of local mucous membrane in patients with asthma, with no significant effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets.

SIgA, peroxidase and collagenase in saliva of smokers aggressive periodontal patients

BackgroundTobacco smoking is strongly associated with destructive periodontal disease, alveolar bone loss and poor response to periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on antimicrobials and destructive proteins in the saliva of patients with generalized aggressive periodontal disease. Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 55 adult subjects. They were classified according to their clinical diagnoses either as having generalized aggressive periodontitis (n=27; 13 smokers and 14 non-smokers) or as periodontitis-free control group (n=28; 14 smokers and 14 non-smokers). Total proteins, sIgA, peroxidase and collagenase were quantified in whole saliva. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. ResultsStatistical differences were found between smokers with periodontal disease and healthy control subjects for sIgA, and between non-smokers with periodontal disease and healthy control subjects for peroxidase. Collagenase activity was higher in smokers and non-smokers with periodontal disease, and tobacco use was found to increase collagenase activity in healthy subjects. ConclusionWhole saliva from all patients with periodontal disease had higher sIgA and lower peroxidase content. Smokers with periodontitis had higher sIgA than smokers without periodontitis. Smokers with and without periodontitis had higher collagenase activity than non-smokers (with and without periodontitis).

OPTIMIZATION OF PROPHYLACTIC ARRANGEMENTS IN CHILDREN WITH HYPOPLASIA OF DENTAL ENAMEL

Aim of research. To raise the effectiveness of anticarious properties of oral cavity in children with enamel hypoplasia by introduction of the complex of arrangements, directed on optimization of the oral cavity hygiene, level of secretory immunoglobulin А (sIgA) and the content of mineral components of oral liquid (calcium and orthophosphates). Materials and methods. Object of research – enamel hypoplasia of the permanent teeth. Subject of research – hygienic status of the oral cavity, level of general calcium, orthophosphates, sIgA in the oral liquid. Methods of research: vital coloration of enamel, transillumination, photometric, immune-enzyme method, indices of hygienic status of the oral cavity (Green–Vermillion (1964) index, Silness–Loe (1964, 1967) index). There was carried out an assessment of hygienic status of the oral cavity, determination of the level of calcium, orthophosphates and sIgA in the oral liquid of 45 children, 6–14 years old (group № 1 – 21 persons, group № 2 – 24 persons). Group №1 – children, who underwent the complex of prophylactic arrangements that included recommendations as to the choice of means and subjects for the oral cavity care and teaching the standard method of teeth brushing. Group № 2 – children, who additionally used remineralizing cream on the water base with casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (СРР-АСР) (Certificate on the state registration №10014/2010 of 03.12.2010). Results. Hygienic status of the oral cavity of children from the both groups was assessed as “unsatisfactory” one according to Green–Vermillion index and as “bad” one according to Silness–Loe index. After prophylactic arrangements the oral cavity status was improved in children of the group № 1: Green–Vermillion (p=0,0013) and Silness–Loe (p=0,0002) indices essentially decreased. In children of the group №2 after prophylactic arrangements hygienic status of the oral cavity was improved more essentially: Green–Vermillion (p=0,0002) and Silness–Loe (p=0,0002) indices reliably decreased. Prescription of remineralizing cream to the children of group № 2 reliably raised the content of calcium (р=0,0051) and sIgA in the oral liquid (р=0,001). Orthophosphates level did not essentially change in both groups. Conclusions. Introduction of the complex of prophylactic arrangements with additional use of remineralizing preparation favored the more essential improvement of the oral cavity hygiene, raise of calcium and sIgA in the oral liquid.

The state of immunological reactivity and nonspecific protection factor (lysozyme) in children with reactive arthritis

Aim. An improvement of diagnostics and prognostication of ReA clinical course in children on the base of studying the immunological reactivity and non-specific protection factor (lysozyme).Materials and methods. Examination of children took place in the municipal children’s cardiorheumatologic department of MHPI “Kharkov municipal children’s clinical hospital № 24" and municipal children’s polyclinic of the Kharkov city (№ 1, 2, 7, 12, 13, 14, 23).40 children with ReA underwent immunological examinations, detection of sIgA in the saliva and lysozyme in the blood serum in acute period and in 9–12 months after the beginning of disease. 19 children (47,5 %) – 2–6 years old, 21 children (52,5 %). – 7–14 years old. Boys – 22 (55,0 %), girls – 18 (45,0 %). The mean age of children in group was 7,2±0,32. The control group included 32 healthy children. The mean age of children in group was 7,4±0,54.The ReA diagnosis was set according to the order of Ukrainian MHP of 19.07.2005 № 362 “Protocol of diagnostics and treatment of disease of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue in children ICD-D М00-М25 arthropathies”.Immunological examinations included the study of indices of cellular, humoral, monocytic-phagocytic links of immunity, content of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), detection of sIgA and index of nonspecific protection factor (lysozyme).Assessment of results of researches was carried out using STATISTICА program for Windows (version 10.0), Microsoft Excel 2012, MATLAB 2015a.Results. In the ReA acute period in children was observed depression of T-system on the background of activation of immunity B-system as the reliable decrease of СD8, СD25 and increase of СD21. There was revealed an increase of IL-6, increase of phagocytic number, spontaneous NBT-test and spontaneous neutrophils activity index.The sIgA level reliably exceeded the standard. At determination of lysozyme the blood serum of patients with ReA in acute period was revealed its deficiency comparing with the standard.In 9–12 months after the beginning of disease in subgroup of children with prolonged and relapsing clinical course was preserved the increase of IL-6 level and decrease of CD8, CD25 and increase of CD21, increase of sIgA and low content of lysozyme. The indicators of the favorable ReA outcome (remission) are: normalization of indices of T- and B-cellular link of immunity, IL-6, sIgA and lysozyme.Conclusions.1. In the ReA acute period was detected the decrease of CD8, CD25, increase of CD21and IL-6. The phagocytic link of immunity functions in the hypercompensation mode with emaciation (decompensation) phenomena. The sIgA content is increased and lysozyme level is decreased.2. In 9–12 months after the beginning of disease in subgroup of children with remission was detected normalization of indices of T- and B-cellular links of immunity IL-6, sIgA and lysozyme. In subgroup of children with prolonged and relapsing clinical course was preserved increase of CD21, IL-6, sIgA and decrease of CD8, CD25 and lysozyme