Content Of Mineral Components Research Articles

Quantitative assessment whole-rock iron content in magnetite protolith based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was first used to establish a correlation with the whole-rock iron (TFe) content in different depths of the Bayan Obo protolith. Compared with element content obtained by the traditional method of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), a similar tendency of the absorption coefficient and refractive index is presented. Furthermore, three machine learning algorithms, namely, partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), were used to develop a quantitative analytical model for TFe content of the protolith minerals. Among the three algorithms, MLP has the highest detection accuracy, with a model coefficient of determination R 2 reaching up to 0.945. These findings demonstrate that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy can be used to rapidly quantify the TFe elemental content of protolith, providing a method of detecting the content of mineral components.

Indicators of Mineral Metabolism in the Oral Fluid in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Disruption of the digestive system in the gastrointestinal tract, namely in gastroesophageal reflux disease, leads to the development of pathological processes in the oral cavity, changing the homeostasis of the viscoelastic gel layer of the esophageal mucosa. Thus, it has been proven that there are reflex connections between the receptor apparatus of the esophageal mucosa and the efferent nerve fibers of the salivary glands, which can be disrupted in GERD. Therefore, saliva is involved in providing effective protection of the esophagus. As a result, the content of mineral components changes significantly: in particular, the level of calcium and enzyme composition.
 Aim to study the indicators of mineral metabolism: the content of calcium, alkaline, and acid phosphatases in mixed saliva in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
 Methods 60 patients of various ages who underwent inpatient treatment at the IFNMU University Clinic were examined, where pH-metry was performed to determine acidity. The main group consisted of patients diagnosed with GERD, with decreased and increased acidity. The content of indicators of mineral metabolism in saliva was determined as follows: calcium (Ca) - photometric method with arsenase -111; acid phosphatase (AC) was determined by the Hillman method, alkaline phosphatase (AL) by hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH -10.4, release of p-nitrophenol and phosphate. The norm of indicators of mineral metabolism was established on 30 practically healthy volunteers. Statistical processing of data was carried out using the Microsoft Excel program by calculating the arithmetic mean.
 Conclusions thus, the results obtained indicate that in GERD there is a violation of mineral metabolism in the oral fluid. The oral fluid is the first to come into contact with the reflux agent. This leads to a violation of saliva neutralization, so the study of saliva mineral composition can be considered as an early diagnostic marker for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Nutritional value and technological parameters of milk from organic and conventional farms in Poland

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional value and technological parameters of milk produced in organic and conventional farming systems, taking into account the breeds of cow, feeding system, and season of production in Poland. A total of 413 milk samples were analysed, of which 220 were from Simmental cows raised on organic farms and 193 were from conventional farms, including 64 from Polish Black-and White cows fed in a traditional system, as well as 65 from Simmental cows and 64 from Holstein-Friesian cows fed in a TMR (Total Mixed Ration) system. The milk was analysed for content of fat, protein, lactose, and urea; somatic cell count; suitability for processing (active and titratable acidity, casein content, protein-to-fat ratio, heat stability, and rennet coagulation); and content of biologically active substances (whey proteins, fatty acids, and macro-and microelements). Simmental cows from organic farms had the lowest daily milk yield, with the lowest concentrations of basic nutrients. However, it was a richer source of α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin and lysozyme and had the highest content of PUFAs. It also had a favourable protein-to-fat ratio and the shortest rennet clotting time, but it contained less Ca, Mg and Zn than milk from farms using a TMR system. The season of production had a greater influence on the composition, nutritional value and technological parameters of milk from farms using traditional feeding, including organic farms, compared to those using a TMR diet. Milk from organic farms obtained in the summer season contained more dry matter, including total protein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. It was also characterised by a more preferable fatty acid profile, i.e. lower content of SFA and higher of UFA, including MUFA and PUFA. In turn, milk from the winter season contained more fat and showed better heat stability. At farms using traditional feeding regimens, both organic and conventional, the production period had a more significant impact on the differentiation of the content of mineral components in milk (mainly macroelements).

Pore Characteristics, Oil Contents and Factors Influencing Laminated Shale in the First Member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag, Northern Songliao Basin

To clarify the reservoir characteristics of laminated shale, the occurrence mechanism of shale oil and its influencing factors in the Gulong Sag, northern Songliao Basin, are studied to better guide the exploration and development of shale oil there. First, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) are used to characterize the pore types, pore geneses and factors influencing the pore volume in the study area. Second, the organic matter of the samples is extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol. Total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen adsorption and Rock-Eval tests are performed on the samples before and after extraction to reveal the pore size distribution after extraction. The factors influencing free and adsorbed shale oil and the lower limit of pore size are discussed in detail. The results show that interparticle pores (interP pores), intraparticle pores (intraP pores), organic matter pores (OM pores) and microfractures can be found in the laminated shale (Q1) in the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, and that the interP pores and intercrystalline pores in clay minerals are the main pores. The FE-SEM results show that the diameters of interP pores vary from several hundred nanometers to several microns, and their morphologies are mainly triangular, strip-shaped or irregular. The morphology of the intercrystalline pores in the clay minerals is generally irregular, depending on the crystal type and arrangement of clay minerals. According to the characteristics of the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves, the pore morphologies are mainly slit-shaped pores, parallel-plate-shaped pores and ink-bottle-shaped pores. The pore size distribution is mostly bimodal, and the pore volume contribution is the greatest in the pore size range of 10~20 nm. Before and after extraction, the overall characteristics of the pore size distribution change only slightly, but the number of micropores increases significantly. Different minerals have different degrees of influence on the proportions of micropores, mesopores and macropores. Quartz mainly inhibits the formation of micropores, while the overall effect on mesopores and macropores is positive depending on the diagenetic period. Feldspar has a strong positive correlation with the micropore and mesopore proportions but is not highly correlated with the macropore proportions. The influence of the carbonate mineral content on the pore volume is not obvious because of its complex composition. The TOC content and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) are the two most important factors controlling free oil and adsorbed oil, and the contents of mineral components, such as felsic minerals, carbonate minerals and clay minerals, have no obvious correlation with shale oil content. With increasing pore volume, the contents of free oil and adsorbed oil increase, but the proportion of adsorbed oil decreases gradually. The correlation between the specific surface area and adsorbed oil content is poor. At normal temperatures and pressures, the lower limit of the pore diameters that can contain free oil is 4 nm, and the lower limit of the pore diameters that can contain movable oil is 10 nm.

CHANGES IN THE DENSITY AND COMPOSITION OF BONE TISSUE AND ALVEOLAR BONE ATROPHY IN RATS WITH HYPOTHIREOSIS AND CORRECTION WITH A COMPLEX OF MINERALS AND VITAMINS

Problem. For diseases of the thyroid gland, it is advisable to use hormone replacement therapy. However, numerous consequences of an overdose of L‑thyroxine drugs are known. The use of a preventive complex based on minerals, vitamins and quercetin can be an alternative to replacement therapy for correcting the consequences of disorders of the musculoskeletal system in thyroid diseases. Goal. The purpose of the work is an experimental study of the osteoprotective effectiveness of a complex of vitamins and minerals in rats with hypothyroidism. Method. In the experiment, 36 rats were used, which were divided into three groups: 12 intact, 12 animals that were simulated with hypothyroidism, and 12 rats that, against the background of hypothyroidism, were administered a preventive complex daily. The experiment on modeling hypothyroidism and its prevention lasted 4 months. Mandibles, lumbar vertebrae and femurs of rats of both sexes were isolated. Morphometric parameters were studied in vertebrae and femurs: density, content of mineral and organic components of bone tissue. The degree of atrophy of the alveolar process was determined in the jaws of the animals. Main results. Modeling hypothyroidism in rats caused a significant decrease in femoral bone density in males by 2.2% and in females by 1.7%, had no effect on lumbar vertebral density, and significantly increased alveolar process atrophy in males by 22.2% and in females by 15. 8%. The decrease in the density of the femur bone was due to a decrease in the content of the mineral component of bone tissue by 4.5–7.2%. The use of a preventive complex containing vitamins, minerals and quercetin led to an increase in the density of femurs to the level of healthy animals, increased the density of the lumbar vertebrae by 2.2–3.1%, and reduced atrophy of the alveolar process of the jaws in females by 21.5% and in males by 31.4%. Deterioration of the quality of bone tissue in thyroid insufficiency, as well as the osteotropic effectiveness of the prophylactic complex in conditions of hypothyroidism, were more pronounced in males. Conclusions. The conducted studies showed the development of dystrophic processes in the jaws and femurs of rats against the background of a deficiency of thyroid hormones and the positive effect of a complex of vitamins and minerals, which effectively stopped the atrophy of the alveolar process of the jaws and the decrease in the density of the femurs, and also increased the density of the lumbar vertebrae of rats with hypothyroidism.

Evaluation of Selected Antioxidant Parameters in Ready-to-Eat Food for Infants and Young Children.

Infants and young children have diverse dietary needs, so conducting a detailed analysis of the food they consume in terms of antioxidant activity and the content of antioxidant elements is of utmost importance. The aim of the study was to assess the antioxidant properties and the content of Cu (copper), Se (selenium), and Zn (zinc) in baby products. A total of 398 samples of ready-to-eat food consumed by children were tested. To evaluate the antioxidant activity (338 samples, without dairy), the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging test (DPPH) were employed to determine the total phenolic content (TPC). For the determination of mineral component content (398 samples), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to analyze the levels of Cu and Zn, while inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was utilized for the quantification of Se. Fruit and vegetable mousses exhibited the highest average total phenolic content (TPC) and the highest percentage of free radical scavenging in the DPPH test. In terms of mineral content, the group of dairy products recorded the highest average levels of Cu and Se, while porridges contained the highest content of Zn. Notably, only organic baby food contained significantly more Zn compared to conventional food (12.2 ± 13.9 mg/kg vs. 10.7 ± 14.4 mg/kg). Ready-to-eat products designed for consumption by children provide antioxidant properties, and the presence of Zn, Cu, and Se can contribute to supporting antioxidant processes.

Vitamin D(3) and methylenebisphosphonic acid in the correction of mineral metabolism disorders and bone remodeling associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

The study was aimed at evaluating therapeutic efficacy of vitamin D3 (VD3, 1000 IU/kg of b.w., 30 days) and sodium salt of methylenebisphosphonic acid (MBPA, 17 mg/kg of b.w., 30 days) monotherapies as well as their effect in combination in preventing mineral metabolism and bone remodeling disturbances associated with glucocorticoid(GC)-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporosis in rats was induced by long-term (30 days) administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid prednisolone (5 mg/kg of b.w.). Calcium and inorganic phosphate levels, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum, bone tissue and bone marrow were determined spectrophotometrically. The protein levels of VD3 receptor (VDR), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in bone tissue were determined by Western blotting. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) content was assayed by ELISA. It was shown that prednisolone caused the development of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia, increased the alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum, while downregulating its activity in bone tissue and bone marrow. GC-induced osteoporosis was accompanied by a profound deficiency of VD3 and a decrease in the content of VDR. Evaluation of the NF-κB-associated cytokine axis RANK/RANKL/OPG, which regulates the balance of osteoblasts/osteoclasts, showed a simultaneous decrease in the RANK content and OPG/RANKL ratio. Vitamin D3 restored mineral metabolism and 25OHD3 level that led to the normalization of VDR-mediated signaling­ and RANK/RANKL/OPG functions in bone tissue. It has been shown that the administration of MBPA had a corrective effect on the content of mineral components in the blood serum and bone tissue, as well as on the activity­ of alkaline phosphatase only in combination with vitamin D3, indicating a low efficiency of bisphosphonate monotherapy in GC-induced vitamin D3 deficiency and osteoporosis. Keywords: bone remode­ling, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, methylenebisphosphonic acid, RANK/RANKL/OPG axis, vitamin D3

Development of technology for obtaining healthy seed material of potato variety Charoit

The effect of nutrient media of different composition on the growth and development of healthy potato microplants of the Charoit variety under in vitro conditions was studied. Three variants of nutrient medium compositions were considered: nutrient medium according to Murashige-Skoog prescription, Murashige-Skoog medium with a reduced content of mineral components to 1/2 and to 1/3. The following microplant parameters were studied: height, rhizogenesis, number of leaves and internodes, total plant weight, leaf weight, root weight, stem weight, shoot weight. On a nutrient medium with 1/2 mineral components, the height of potato microgrowers on the 28th day of cultivation increased by 12%, the shoot weight - by 17% by increasing the weight of leaves by 33% and the weight of the root system twofold, the total plant biomass - by 28%. When using a nutrient medium with 1/3 of mineral components for cultivation of healthy potato varieties Charoit microplants on the 28th day of cultivation, a decrease in the shoot weight by 17% was observed due to a decrease in the stem weight (25%), and the weight of the root system increased by 140%. In these variants of nutrient medium, rhizogenesis began earlier and proceeded more actively than in the control. A medium with 1/2 content of mineral components of the norm was determined to be optimal for growing microplants in vitro. When aerohydroponic plants were grown with different plant densities (21, 27, and 55 plants/m ), a 27% increase in the plant height of the plants grown on plant sections with a planting density of 55 plants/m2 was observed. The plants with a planting density of 21 plants/m2 differed from the other variants by an increased number of stems. In the minituber yield, the proportion of fractions suitable for further seed production was more than 50% when using all planting densities studied on aerohydroponic plants. The maximum number of minitubers was recorded when growing plants with a planting density of 55 plants/m2, and this option is recommended for use in the cultivation of minitubers of the potato variety Charoit by aerohydroponic method.

Potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soils on the megaprofile Eastern Donbass – Azov sea

An expedition was carried out to take soil samples of Eastern Donbass and other districts of the Rostov region. The main goal was to study the distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in soils. The total content of mineral components in solid-phase samples was determined by using the X-ray fluorescence method. It was found that, according to the average concentrations, PTE`s line up in the following series: Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>V>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co. The contents of Zn and Cu in the soil were compared by seasons. It was determined that PTE concentrations in the upper layer of soils were higher in winter than in summer. Geochemical spectra were constructed. They demonstrated that the concentration Clarks of Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Pb exceeded the Clarks of these elements in the Earth’s crust. Against this background, Pb stands out with contrast, the concentration in the soil of which exceeds those in the earth’s crust by 2.8 times. The tightness of the relationship between the content of PTE in soil samples was calculated, which turned out to be a high straight line.

Experimental study on pore structure alteration of deep shale under liquid nitrogen freezing based on nuclear magnetic resonance

Freezing by liquid nitrogen (LN2) can noticeably alter the rock structure of rocks, which can find application in the extraction of clean natural gas for shale gas reservoirs. More natural gas exists in the deep shale formation. However, the pore structure alteration of deep shale treated by LN2 freezing remains unclear. To address this issue, experiments were conducted with three types of deep shales. The contents of mineral components were measured by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The alteration of physical properties of the deep shale were analyzed by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that LN2 was a promising fluid to induce bedding planes and longitudinal fractures, especially in carbonaceous shale. The generated fractures will connect pores to increase the permeability of shales. Repeated freezing cycles generated cracks at micro and macro levels and created high-conductivity fracture networks in shale. Water saturation has little effect on the porosity change of shales with low porosity. A novel model was developed for predicting the increased porosity after LN2 freezing. The crucial findings will guide the development of deep shale resources using cryogenic LN2 fracturing.

Oxidation of municipal sewage sludge, chicken and swine manure in the water-oxygen fluid flow under uniform heating

The paper presents the research results of the oxidation of municipal sewage sludge (MSS), chicken (CM) and swine (SM) manure when pumping water-oxygen fluid through their bed at a uniform temperature increase (1.5 K/min) to 733 K. Temperature dependences were obtained for the yield of volatile and liquid products, as well as data on the content of mineral components in the ash residue and water, collected at the reactor outlet. From the time-dependent temperature of the reactor wall, the power of resistive heaters, and the degree of total organic carbon removal, it follows that most of the organic matter of biowastes is oxidized at T < 643 K. It is shown that the rate of organic carbon removal increases in the sequence: CM < MSS < SM, and is determined by the consumption of oxygen supplied to the reactor. According to IR spectroscopy and ultimate analysis data, an increase in the oxidation duration and temperature leads to a decrease in the content of functional groups, and to an increase in the proportion of aromatic compounds in liquid products. Liquid products, formed during the oxidation of CM are characterized by the highest N/C atomic ratio. It was revealed that during the oxidation of biowastes, from 50% to 75% of nitrogen passes into the aqueous phase in the form of NH4+ ions, while the main elements (Si, Ca, Mg, P, K, and Al) are concentrated in the ash residue. The results of XRD analysis show that CaCO3 and SiO2 predominate in the composition of ash residues of CM and SM, respectively.

Effect of plant growth regulators on potato tuber yield and quality

The aim of the study conducted in 2019–2021 was to determine the effect of biostimulants and growth regulators on the yield size and structure, as well as the chemical composition of edible potato tubers. The cultivar evaluated was Vineta. Asahi SL, Kelpak SL, Aminoplant, Tytanit, gibberellic acid (GA3) and Moddus 250 EC were applied in potato cultivation. The application of biostimulants Asahi SL and Tytanit increased the total and marketable tuber yield, as well as the average tuber weight. Aminoplant had a beneficial effect only on the marketable yield, while Moddus 250 EC decreased tuber yield and mean tuber weight, especially under conditions of high rainfall. Biostimulant Asahi SL caused a decrease in the number of tubers formed, while gibberellic acid stimulated tuberisation. Both preparations increased the share of deformed tubers in the total yield. The effect of biostimulants and growth regulators on the formation of the chemical composition of potato tubers was multidirectional. Tytanit increased protein content in tubers, while the remaining preparations, with the exception of the growth regulator Moddus 250 EC, decreased the amount of this component. GA3 and Moddus 250 EC decreased the content of crude fibre and, in the case of Moddus 250 EC, also the content of mineral components. The highest concentration of nitrates (V) was characteristic for potato tubers treated with Asahi SL and the lowest for those treated with Moddus 250 EC.

Experimental investigation of the damage characteristics and breaking process of shale by abrasive waterjet impact

Perforation is critical to create a flow pathway between a shale reservoir and the production casing for hydraulic fracturing. However, the damage characteristics of shales by abrasive waterjet (AWJ) remain unclear. To address this concern, AWJ experiment is conducted for three types of shale with different mineral compositions, including siliceous shale, calcareous shale, and carbonaceous shale. X-ray diffractometry measures the content of mineral components. A rock mechanics test system obtains the main physical and mechanical parameters of shale samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and acoustic emission (AE) are used to analyze the damage characteristics. The results indicate that siliceous shale with more brittle minerals is beneficial for the AWJ to create a larger perforation effectively, while carbonaceous shale with more clay minerals significantly lowers AWJ performance. For the shale with more brittle minerals, abrasive erosion and matrix spallation govern shale failures. As the clay content increases, the primary rock damage is abrasive cutting leading to the transgranular fracture. AE signals induced by AWJ impact could reflect breaking mechanisms and identify the difference in shale lithology. The energy dissipation gradually reduces during the AWJ process. Also, the dissipation has a negative linear correlation with the content of brittle minerals. This study provides fundamental insight into understanding shale damage by AWJ impact to optimize the perforation scheme.

The effects of different compositions of growth media on the development of microplants of the Solnechny potato variety

The results of studying the effect of nutrient media of various compositions on the growth of improved micro-plants of potatoes of the Solnechny variety grown under laboratory conditions in vitro are presented. Six compositions of the nutrient medium were studied: standard Murashige-Skuga medium modified for micropropagation (considered as a control), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with a reduced content of mineral components (up to 1/2 and up to 1/3), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with an increased content of agar-agar (10 g/l), modified Murashige-Skuga medium with a reduced content of agar-agar (4 g/l), Murashige-Skuga medium modified with the addition of 3 mg/L giberrellinic acid and 1 mg/L indoliacetic acid. The following parameters of cultivated plants were taken into account: plant length, root presence, number of internodes, total plant mass, leaf mass, root mass, leaf plate surface area. The use of modified nutrient media with a reduced content of mineral components led to an increase in plant length (by 28-30%), stem mass (by 25%) due to leaf mass (by 18%) and stem mass (by 31%) and the total surface area of leaf plates (by 12%). In the variant using a medium with 1/3 mineral components an increase in the mass of the root system was observed (by 20%). When growing plants on a modified nutrient medium with a high content of agar-agar, a decrease in the length of plants (by 6%), a decrease in the mass of the scion (by 12%) due to a decrease in the mass of the stem (by 15%) was observed. Plants grown on a modified nutrient medium with a reduced content of agar-agar were distinguished by a larger mass of the root system (by 10%), scion (by 17%) (due to an increase in leaf mass (by 27%), as well as the total surface area of leaf plates (by 22%). When growth regulators (giberrellin and indoliacetic acid) were added to the modified nutrient medium, a significant increase in plant height (by 70%), a decrease in the mass of the root system (by 50%) and leaves (by 46%), and an increase in the mass of the stem (by 23%) were observed. The total leaf surface area was 28% lower than the control values. For accelerated micropropagation of improved potato plants of the Solnechny variety and preparation of plants for transplanting to aerohydroponic systems in order to produce mini-tubers, the following modified nutrient media are optimal options: with a reduced number of mineral components (1/2 and 1/3) and with a reduced content of agar-agar.

Development of a method for obtaining healthy mini-tubers of potatoes of the Yubilyar variety using a humic preparation from peat

The influence of various nutrient medium compositions on the growth of potato plants during in vitro cultivation and the possibility of using biological fertilizer from peat in different concentrations to improve the adaptation of plants to growing in ground for the development of a method for obtaining healthy mini-tubers of potatoes of the Yubilyar variety were studied. The influence of various nutrient medium compositions on the height, biomass, intensity of rhizogenesis, the number of internodes of improved potato micro-plants, as well as humic fertilizer from Humostim peat on the survival rate and height of potato plants when adapting it to ground conditions is analyzed. Taking into account the data obtained, as well as the cost of the studied variants of the medium, the optimal medium for growing potato micro-plants in laboratory conditions in vitro is a nutrient medium with a content of mineral components 1/3 from the norm. The use of humic preparation from peat Humostim in a concentration of 0.001% caused an acceleration of plant growth and an increase in their height, and this concentration is recommended for use.

Comparative analysis of the effect of food additives on the production technology and quality indicators of wheat bread

One of the most effective and cost-effective ways to provide the population with important nutrients is the fortification of mass-consumption products. Bakery products are products of regular consumption in the diet. An integrated approach to solving the problem is provided through research in the design of prescription formulations and technologies of new types of bakery products, including through the use of non-traditional vegetable raw materials. Recipes and technology of preparation of samples of wheat bread with apple pomace replacing part of wheat flour with buckwheat (the first sample of bread) and rice flour (the second sample) are developed. The technological parameters of cooking hearth bread, in a non-paired way, have been developed. The influence of buckwheat and rice flour on the duration of the technological process of bread preparation is investigated; the influence of the introduced food additives on the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of bread quality is determined; a comparative assessment of the content of mineral compo-nents in the developed and control samples is shown. The use of secondary apple raw materials (fresh-frozen apple pomace), buckwheat and rice flour as non-traditional components in the technology of bakery products allows you to get a product with high organoleptic properties and a rich mineral composition. Studies of the effect of food additives on the organoleptic parameters of the bakery product allow us to make a conclusion about the pronounced effect of the added ingredients on the appearance, color and condition of the crumb. However, these additives do not lead to a change in the taste and smell of baked products. Analysis of the chemical composition of the developed samples of wheat bread showed that the content of iron and phosphorus in them exceeds the value of the control sample by many times.

Water Quality and Mortality from Coronary Artery Disease in Sardinia: A Geospatial Analysis.

The role of water hardness on human health is still debated, ranging from beneficial to harmful. Before the rise of drinking bottled water, it was a common habit to obtain supplies of drinking water directly from spring-fed public fountains. According to the geographic location, spring waters are characterized by a variable content of mineral components. In this ecological study, for the first time in Sardinia, Italy, the spatial association between spring water quality/composition and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the decade from 1981 to 1991 was investigated using data retrieved from published databases. In a total of 377 municipalities, 9918 deaths due to CAD, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ICD-9 code 410, and ischemic heart disease (IHD), ICD-9 code 411–414, were retrieved. A conditional autoregressive model with spatially structured random effects for each municipality was used. The average SMR for CAD in municipalities with a predominantly “soft” (<30 mg/L) or “hard” (≥30 mg/L) water was, respectively, 121.4 ± 59.1 vs. 104.7 ± 38.2 (p = 0.025). More specifically, an inverse association was found between elevated calcium content in spring water and cardiovascular mortality (AMI: r = −0.123, p = 0.032; IHD: r = −0.146, p = 0.009) and borderline significance for magnesium (AMI: r = −0.131, p = 0.054; IHD: r = −0.138, p = 0.074) and bicarbonate (IHD: r = −0.126, p = 0.058), whereas weak positive correlations were detected for sodium and chloride. The lowest CAD mortality was observed in geographic areas (North-West: SMR 0.92; South-East: SMR 0.88), where calcium- and bicarbonate-rich mineral waters were consumed. Our results, within the limitation of an ecological study, confirm the beneficial role of waters with high content in calcium and bicarbonate against coronary artery disease.

Сравнительный анализ влияния пищевых добавок на технологию производства и качественные показатели хлеба пшеничного

One of the most effective and cost-effective ways to provide the population with important nutrients is the fortification of mass-consumption products. Bakery products are products of regular consumption in the diet. An integrated approach to solving the problem is provided through research in the design of prescription formulations and technologies of new types of bakery products, including through the use of non-traditional vegetable raw materials. Recipes and technology of preparation of samples of wheat bread with apple pomace replacing part of wheat flour with buckwheat (the first sample of bread) and rice flour (the second sample) are developed. The technological parameters of cooking hearth bread, in a non-paired way, have been developed. The influence of buckwheat and rice flour on the duration of the technological process of bread preparation is investigated; the influence of the introduced food additives on the organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of bread quality is determined; a comparative assessment of the content of mineral compo-nents in the developed and control samples is shown. The use of secondary apple raw materials (fresh-frozen apple pomace), buckwheat and rice flour as non-traditional components in the technology of bakery products allows you to get a product with high organoleptic properties and a rich mineral composition. Studies of the effect of food additives on the organoleptic parameters of the bakery product allow us to make a conclusion about the pronounced effect of the added ingredients on the appearance, color and condition of the crumb. However, these additives do not lead to a change in the taste and smell of baked products. Analysis of the chemical composition of the developed samples of wheat bread showed that the content of iron and phosphorus in them exceeds the value of the control sample by many times.

THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF BARZAS COALS

Thermal decomposition processes of two types of Barzas sapromixites - a tile-like modification (“tile”) and a product of its weathering (“exfoliated tile”) - have been investigated in various media (air and helium). It has been shown that in the course of temperature-programmed decomposition (10 °C/min) of these forms of tile-like Barzas sapromixite, in both oxidizing (air) and inert (helium) atmospheres, four main temperature ranges can be distinguished: 1) &lt; 150 °C - removal of adsorbed water (this temperature region is more pronounced for the weathered form of tile-like Barzas sapromixite); 2) 150-350 °C - removal of low molecular weight volatile components of coal in helium environment (with their simultaneous ignition in case of the decomposition in air); 3) 350-550 °C - the temperature region of primary or fast coal pyrolysis in an inert medium; in an oxidative medium, this stage of pyrolysis is accompanied by the burning of released tarry substances; 4) &gt; 550 °C - the temperature region of secondary or high-temperature coal pyrolysis to form semi-coke in helium atmosphere, or the region of burning this semi-coke in air medium. Thermal breakdown processes of “exfoliated tiles” in the temperature range of the most intensive decomposition (350-550 °C) have been found to require less energy consumptions than the similar processes for tile-like Barzas coals (by 72-73 kJ/mol for both gas media of thermal treatment). It is supposed that the differences observed in thermal behavior of Barzas sapromixite forms under investigation may be related to the different contents of mineral components and their effects on the thermal decomposition of coal organic matter.

The effect of different compositions of growth media on the development of microplants of the Antonina potato variety

The results of studying the influence of growth media of different compositions on the growth and development of healthy microplants of potato variety Antonina in laboratory conditions in vitro are presented. Six compositions of Murashige and Skoog culture medium were considered: standard according to the recipe modified for micropropagation (control); with a reduced content of mineral components (up to 1/2 and 1/3); with an increased content of agar-agar (10 g/l); with a reduced content of agar-agar (4 g/l), and modified by the addition of 3 mg/l giberrellic acid and 1 mg/l indoleacetic acid. The following parameters of cultivated plants were studied: plant length, root presence, number of internodes, total plant weight, leaf weight, root weight, leaf surface area. The use of growth media with a reduced content of mineral components led to an increase in the length of the plants under study by 8–9%, a decrease in the number of internodes by 0.49–0.85 pcs/plant, an increase in the mass of the root system by 23% and a decrease in the mass of the shoot due to reduced leaf mass by 16–31%, as well as a decrease in the total leaf surface area by 21–30%. When growing plants on a growth medium with an increased content of agar-agar, the following changes were observed: a decrease in the length of plants by 13%, a decrease in the mass of the root system by 8%, a decrease in the shoot mass due to reduced leaf mass by 11% and stem mass by 17%. Plants grown on a growth medium with a low content of agar-agar had a shorter stem length (by 12%), a lower number of internodes (by 0.93 pcs/ plant), a lower mass of root system and leaves by 31% and 11%, respectively, compared to the control. In this variant, the rate of rhizogenesis was also reduced. With the addition of giberrellic and indoleacetic acid to the growth medium, the plants demonstrated a significant increase in length by 32%, a decrease in the root mass by 77%, and a decrease in the shoot mass due to reduced leaf mass by 58% and stem mass by 33%. The total leaf surface area was 34% lower than the control values. In order to accelerate micropropagation of healthy Antonina potato plants and prepare the plants for replanting to an aero-hydroponic system, Murashige and Skoog medium modified for micropropagation proved to be the best option among the tested growth media. In order to keep this variety in the in-vitro collection, it is recommended to use the MS growth medium with a low agar-agar content.