CHANGES IN THE DENSITY AND COMPOSITION OF BONE TISSUE AND ALVEOLAR BONE ATROPHY IN RATS WITH HYPOTHIREOSIS AND CORRECTION WITH A COMPLEX OF MINERALS AND VITAMINS

Abstract

Problem. For diseases of the thyroid gland, it is advisable to use hormone replacement therapy. However, numerous consequences of an overdose of L‑thyroxine drugs are known. The use of a preventive complex based on minerals, vitamins and quercetin can be an alternative to replacement therapy for correcting the consequences of disorders of the musculoskeletal system in thyroid diseases. Goal. The purpose of the work is an experimental study of the osteoprotective effectiveness of a complex of vitamins and minerals in rats with hypothyroidism. Method. In the experiment, 36 rats were used, which were divided into three groups: 12 intact, 12 animals that were simulated with hypothyroidism, and 12 rats that, against the background of hypothyroidism, were administered a preventive complex daily. The experiment on modeling hypothyroidism and its prevention lasted 4 months. Mandibles, lumbar vertebrae and femurs of rats of both sexes were isolated. Morphometric parameters were studied in vertebrae and femurs: density, content of mineral and organic components of bone tissue. The degree of atrophy of the alveolar process was determined in the jaws of the animals. Main results. Modeling hypothyroidism in rats caused a significant decrease in femoral bone density in males by 2.2% and in females by 1.7%, had no effect on lumbar vertebral density, and significantly increased alveolar process atrophy in males by 22.2% and in females by 15. 8%. The decrease in the density of the femur bone was due to a decrease in the content of the mineral component of bone tissue by 4.5–7.2%. The use of a preventive complex containing vitamins, minerals and quercetin led to an increase in the density of femurs to the level of healthy animals, increased the density of the lumbar vertebrae by 2.2–3.1%, and reduced atrophy of the alveolar process of the jaws in females by 21.5% and in males by 31.4%. Deterioration of the quality of bone tissue in thyroid insufficiency, as well as the osteotropic effectiveness of the prophylactic complex in conditions of hypothyroidism, were more pronounced in males. Conclusions. The conducted studies showed the development of dystrophic processes in the jaws and femurs of rats against the background of a deficiency of thyroid hormones and the positive effect of a complex of vitamins and minerals, which effectively stopped the atrophy of the alveolar process of the jaws and the decrease in the density of the femurs, and also increased the density of the lumbar vertebrae of rats with hypothyroidism.