Content Of Lipid Peroxidation Products Research Articles

The protective effect of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal injury: A fecal microbiota transplantation study

Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AHP) have potential immunomodulatory activities. However, the relationship between polysaccharides, intestinal microbiota, and immune activity remains unclear. Therefore, to explore this relationship, we performed immunosuppressive donor, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and pseudo-sterile mouse validation experiments. Our results showed that AHP enhanced immunomodulatory activity, as evidenced by the alleviation of cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced body weight loss, spleen and thymus atrophy, and splenic and colonic lesions. Additionally, AHP effectively regulated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, T-AOC, CAT, GSH-Px), lipid peroxidation product content (MDA), levels of immune factors (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6), immunoglobulins (sIgA), and the expression of tight junction proteins (Muc2, ZO-1, Occuldin, and Claudin-1) in the colon of immunosuppressed mice. FMT results demonstrated that FAHP displayed superior immunomodulatory ability and could further affect the abundance of Dehydroepiandrosterone, Prostaglandin E2, Cholesterol and Pregnenolone by increasing the abundance of unclassified_Muribaculaceae, Desulfovibrio, Alloprevotella, and unclassified_Oscillospiraceae and decreasing that of Staphylococcus, Bacteroides, and Corynebacterium. Pseudo-sterilization experiments showed that AHP was unable to increase antioxidant enzyme activity, reduce lipid peroxidation content, or promote the release of immune factors. In brief, AHP did not alleviate Cy-induced immunosuppression after microbiota elimination. In summary, AHP exerted a protective effect against Cy-induced immunosuppression and intestinal damage by modulating intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which AHP, as a functional food or drug, promotes immune response regulation and maintains intestinal health.

Endogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation Enhances Salinity Tolerance in Rice

Rice is an important food crop worldwide but is usually susceptible to saline stress. When grown on soil with excessive salt, rice plants experience osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stresses that adversely affect growth performance. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a nonproteinogenic amino acid that plays an important role in the metabolic activities of organisms. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in GABA metabolism. Here, we genetically modified rice GAD by overexpression or CRISPR-mediated genome editing. These lines, named gad3-ox1 and gad3-ox2 or gad1/3-ko, were used to explore the effects of endogenous GABA accumulation on salt tolerance in rice. Both the gad3-ox1 and gad3-ox2 lines exhibited significant accumulation of the GABA content, whereas the gad1/3-ko line presented a reduced GABA content in vivo. Notably, the two overexpression lines were markedly resistant to salt stress compared with the wild-type and knockout lines. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that endogenous GABA accumulation in the gad3-ox1 and gad3-ox2 lines increased the contents of antioxidant substances and osmotic regulators, decreased the content of membrane lipid peroxidation products and the Na+ content, and resulted in strong tolerance to salt stress. Together, these data provide a theoretical basis for cultivating rice varieties with strong salt tolerance.

Persistent Post COVID-19 Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Women.

The assessment of endothelial dysfunction and free radical homeostasis parameters were performed in 92 women, aged 45 to 69 years, divided into the following groups: women without COVID-19 (unvaccinated, no antibodies, control); women with acute phase of COVID-19 infection (main group, COVID-19+); 12 months post COVID-19+; women with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with no symptoms of COVID-19 in the last 12 months (asymptomatic COVID-19). Compared to the control, patients of the main group had lower glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, decreased advanced glycation end products (AGEs) level, higher glutathione reductase (GR) activity, and higher glutathione S transferases pi (GSTpi), thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARs), endothelin (END)-1, and END-2 concentrations (all p ≤ 0.05). The group with asymptomatic COVID-19 had lower 8-OHdG and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, decreased total antioxidant status (TAS), and higher reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG levels (all p ≤ 0.05). In the group COVID-19+, as compared to the group without clinical symptoms, we detected lower GPx and SOD activities, decreased AGEs concentration, a higher TAS, and greater GR activity and GSTpi and TBARs concentrations (all p ≤ 0.05). The high content of lipid peroxidation products 12 months post COVID-19+, despite decrease in ENDs, indicates long-term changes in free radical homeostasis. These data indicate increased levels of lipid peroxidation production contribute, in part, to the development of free radical related pathologies including long-term post COVID syndrome.

Relationship between mean monthly February temperature and the level of oxidative processes in immunocompetent organs of bream of Rybinsk reservoir in different years

The intensity of oxidative processes in immunocompetent organs of immature bream Abramis brama L. with an average weight of 375±30 g and length of 290±20 cm was studied. The fish were caught with shuttle nets in the Volga Plec of the Rybinsk reservoir in different years in terms of average daily temperature conditions. After autopsy, samples of immunocompetent organs (kidney, spleen and liver) were taken from captured fish into sterile tubes. Samples were then frozen and stored in a freezer at minus 18–20 °C until processing time. In laboratory conditions, samples were thawed at room temperature immediately before analysis. For further studies, homogenate was prepared from kidney, spleen and liver tissues using a homogenizer with physiological solution in the ratio of 1:1. In the homogenates the content of lipid peroxidation products was studied by the content of malonic dialdehyde and the level of antioxidant defense by the index of inhibition of substrate oxidation. The interannual variability of the studied parameters was noted, associated with ecological and climatic conditions, in particular, with temperature. The most significant differences of the studied biochemical parameters were revealed in the year with the highest temperature conditions compared to the year with the lowest temperature. The lowest values of malonic dialdehyde and substrate oxidation constant were observed in fish in the year with the lowest average daily temperature. In warmer year intensification of lipid peroxidation processes and decrease of antioxidant defense level in the studied organs were observed. The results obtained can be used in monitoring the impact of climatic factors on the physiological and biochemical status of fish.

Original Empirical Research Protective Effects of Succinic Acid upon Exposure to the Low-Frequency Alternating Magnetic Field Determined in the Experiment

Introduction. The need to simulate the oxidative stress by an experiment of exposure to the low-frequency alternating magnetic field is induced by the persistent increase of the electromagnetic load on the endothermic organisms caused by the annual deterioration of the electromagnetic state of the environment. The low-frequency alternating magnetic field starts a chain of biochemical reactions in the laboratory animals, which alter the homeostasis against the increased intensity of free-radical oxidation (peroxidation) of biomembrane lipids. The preparations containing succinic acid have the antioxidant, antihypoxant, actoprotective and stress-protective effects, tested through various kind of modelling, however, the absence of data on the efficacy of succinic acid under the exposure to the alternating magnetic field has become the reason for the present experiment. The aim of the research is to determine the protective effects of succinic acid upon exposure of the laboratory rats to the low-frequency alternating magnetic field.Materials and Methods. The objects of the research were 90 white outbred male rats weighing 200–250 g, divided into three groups: group 1 — intact, the animals were in standard vivarium conditions and were not exposed to any effect; group 2 — control, the rats were exposed to the low frequency alternating magnetic field (LF-AMF) for 21 days daily per 3 hours, preceded by daily intraperitoneal administration to animals of the 0.9% sodium chloride solution at a dose of 1 ml / kg straight before them being exposed to LF-AMF; group 3 — experimental, the rats were daily intraperitoneally administered the succinic acid at a dose of 100 mg / kg (1 ml / kg) for 21 days prior to being exposed to LF-AMF. The exposure to the low-frequency alternating magnetic field was created by the Helmholtz coils (of diameter 1 m) powered by the alternating current source with a frequency of 50 Hz, with a magnetic field induction of 0.4 mT, whereas the cages with animals were placed in the centre of the device. The actoprotective effect of succinic acid was checked on the 7th, 14th and 21st days from the beginning of the experiment by duration of swimming of rats in water. The antioxidant effect — by concentration of diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, vitamin E in the blood plasma of rats measured according to the commonly accepted methods. The stress-protective effect was determined by the masses of the adrenal glands, thymus gland, spleen and the number of erosive defects on the suRussian Federationace of the gastric mucosa.Results. The experimental data has confirmed the actoprotective effect of succinic acid — the duration of swimming of the rats in the experimental group increased by 25–37% compared to the control one. The antioxidant effect of succinic acid under magnetic induction has been manifested in a decreased concentration of lipid peroxidation products against increased level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of rats in the experimental group compared to the animals in the control group. Administration of the succinic acid into the peritoneum of rats in the experimental group under exposure to the low frequency alternating magnetic field has prevented involution of the thymus gland by 45% (7th day), 56% (14th day), 71% (21th day) and the spleen by 52%, 58% and 66% respectively, alongside, the number of erosive and ulcerative defects on the suRussian Federationace of the gastric mucosa has decreased by 2.5–4 times compared to the animals in the control group.Discussion and Conclusion. The protective effects of succinic acid upon exposure to the low-frequency alternating magnetic field have been confirmed that include the stress-protective, actoprotective and antioxidant effects of the exogenous succinate. The ability of succinic acid to prevent the negative changes in the internal organs caused by the magnetic loads is proved by the statistically significant excess of the mass coefficients of the thymus gland and spleen in the experimental group, compared to the control one, along with the fewer erosive defects on the suRussian Federationace of the gastric mucosa. Succinic acid reduces the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes upon the magnetic exposure due to reducing the concentration of lipid peroxidation products and increasing the level of ceruloplasmin in the blood of animals.

Adaptation of Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae IMV B-7956 Bacteria to the Influence of Copper (II) Chloride

In technologically altered habitats, an increased content of organic compounds, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur compounds, antibiotic substances, etc. is found. Therefore, microorganisms that are systematically exposed to various stressors have developed adaptation mechanisms. The strain Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae IMV B-7956, isolated from the infiltrate lakes of the Lviv solid waste landfill, is resistant to copper, chromium, manganese, and iron in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. The work aimed to study the response of O. rhizosphaerae IMV B-7956 cells to CuCl2 exposure by detecting changes in the content of lipid peroxidation products, products of the oxidative modification of proteins, activity of antioxidant defense system enzymes, and synthesis of extracellular polymers. Methods. To study the effect of CuCl2 on prooxidant indicators and the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, bacteria were pre-incubated in Tris-HCl buffer containing 2–10 mM CuCl2. After one hour of incubation, the bacterial cells were washed and cultured for 1, 12, 24, and 48 h in metal-free media. The copper content in the bacterial cells was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The content of lipid peroxidation indicators, carbonyl groups in proteins, total low-molecular-weight thiols, enzymatic activity, and the content of exopolysaccharides and extracellular proteins were determined photometrically. Results. Within an hour, O. rhizosphaerae IMV B-7956 bacteria accumulated 2.3–7.8 mg Cu/g of biomass. Under these conditions, an increased content of lipid peroxidation products was detected. During the first hour of growth in bacterial cells, enzymes with catalase and peroxidase activity were activated. During further cultivation, an increase in the activity of other antioxidant defense enzymes was detected. Carbonyl groups in proteins are probably formed due to an increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products, as they are formed later. Within 12–48 h of growth, the copper content in the bacterial cells decreases. This leads to the restoration of growth. Conclusions. The main damaging effect of CuCl2 on bacterial cells was detected during the first 24 h of growth. Activation of the enzymes of the antioxidant system and synthesis of exopolysaccharides are among the adaptations that ensure the survival of bacteria under these conditions.

Shedding light on the shadows: oxidative stress and its pivotal role in prostate cancer progression.

Data on oxidative protein damage, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation in progression of prostate cancer remain elusive. So far, the influence of the presence of perineural invasion on the level of oxidative stress has not been described. Additionally, there is limited data on the level of oxidative stress in patients' urine. We compared the levels of oxidative stress markers in serum and urine in 50 patients with prostate cancer depending on the tumor stage and histological grade, the Gleason score, and the presence of perineural invasion. We found a significantly de-creased level of serum thiol groups and TAC in participants with prostate cancer. Similarly, serum Amadori products and malondialdehyde (MDA) were higher in patients than in healthy men. There was a significantly decrease in TAC and a significantly increased MDA in the urine of prostate cancer patients. As the stage of cancer increased, a decrease in the thiol group concentration and TAC as well as an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the serum was observed. The serum level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) increased in the group with Gleason scores greater than 7. Furthermore, serum thiol groups and TAC were reduced in the group with Gleason >7 as compared to Gleason <7. The presence of perineural invasion significantly reduced serum and urinary TAC and increased urinary AOPP concentration. These results indicate a significant role for oxidative damage in prostate carcinogenesis and its progression. Characterizing oxidative and nitrosative damage to proteins may be useful in designing targeted therapies for prostate cancer patients.

Enhancing the quality and technological properties of goose meat during low-temperature storage through the action of biologically active substances from oats and alfalfa

Poultry meat plays a key role as a source of high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. However, unsaturated fatty acids, especially essential ones, are prone to oxidative reactions during meat storage, which can negatively affect its quality. The object of the study is the technology of obtaining and storing poultry meat. Legart Danish geese were used as the experimental material. Oats (Avena Sativa) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) contain a large number of biologically active substances (minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, antioxidants). Adding vegetative parts of oats and alfalfa to the diet of geese contributes to improving the quality of the obtained meat, especially after prolonged low-temperature storage. The geese were slaughtered on the 63rd day. The meat was stored at a temperature of –18 °C for 90 days. It was found that there was an 11.5 % increase in the live weight of the geese at an early slaughter age, an increase in protein content (by 5 %), better moisture-binding capacity (by 6–7.3 %), and a decrease in the content of lipid peroxidation products, especially on the 67th day of storage (28.3 %). There was a significant increase in the content of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (by 24.2 % and 10.8 %, respectively). There was an increase in the content of vitamin E and β-carotene, both before freezing (38.5 % and 19.6 %) and at the end of the storage period (50.9 % and 20 %). A tendency to increase the content of essential amino acids (threonine and methionine) was found. The results can be used in the production of goose meat to improve its nutritional characteristics, which is important for the health of consumers, meat producers, and also in scientific research on the development of technologies in the field of meat production and storage

Експериментальне дослідження гепатопротекторної дії комплексу n-оксид-2,6-диметил піридину з бурштиновою кислотою (Потейтіну) на моделі токсичного гепатиту, спричиненого тетрахлорметаном

Plant growth regulators (PGR), in particular, methyl derivatives of pyridine N-oxide, reduce the acute toxicity of pesticides, reduce the hepatotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos and ease the course of intoxication under long-term exposure. The role of the body’s defence systems under the combined effects of PGR and pesticides has not yet been sufficiently elucidated. The study of the protective effect of PGR Poteitin under the conditions of toxic damage to the liver by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) will allow finding out the mechanisms of its combined action. The results of the research will be used to develop preventive measures for pesticide poisoning. Aim. Investigate the hepatoprotective properties of the 2.6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide complex with succinic acid (Poteitin) on the model of acute hepatitis caused by carbon tetrachloride. Materials and Methods. Acute hepatitis was modelled on male Wistar Han rats with subcutaneous injection of CCl4 (pure substance) in petroleum jelly oil (0.8 ml/100 g of body weight) for 2 days. Poteitin was administered at the doses of 23 and 0.23 mg/kg, reference substance Silybor 35 – at the dose of 5 mg/kg. Intact rats received petroleum jelly oil in the same volumes. Poteitin and Silybor were administered in a treatment-prophylactically regimen, orally 1 hour pre- and 2 hours post-CCl4. The activity of enzymes of cytolysis and cholestasis, indicators reflecting liver function, the content of lipid peroxidation (LP) products and antioxidant activity were determined in blood serum. Histological studies of liver tissue were carried out. The index of effectiveness of the protective effect of Poteitin was calculated The results were statistically processed using the one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD post-hoc test. Results and Discussion. CCl4 caused acute liver damage: increased activity of markers of cytolysis and cholestasis, decrease in a number of functional tests, activity of catalase, LP products accumulation, fatty and balloon dystrophy of hepatocytes, lympho-leukocyte infiltration. Poteitin on the background of CCl4 contributed to the normalization of the activity of markers of cytolysis and cholestasis, the restoration of functional indicators, reduced the content of LP products, increased the activity of catalase, and reduced liver damage. The protective effect of Poteitin was not inferior to Silybor. Conclusions. 1. Under the conditions of acute hepatitis, carbon tetrachloride causes moderate liver damage. 2. Poteitin at the doses of 23 and 0.23 mg/kg has a pronounced hepatoprotective effect: it normalizes the activity of enzymes of cytolysis and cholestasis, functional indicators – the level of glucose, cholesterol, total protein and bilirubin, urea; reduces the intensity of LP and activation of the antioxidant system. 3. The protective effect of Poteitin at both tested doses as cytolysis and cholestasis indicators, functional tests and morphostructural changes in the liver is comparable to the reference drug Silybor. The protective effect of Poteitin, determined by the intensity of LP, is greater than that of Silybor. Keywords: acute hepatitis, carbon tetrachloride, hepatoprotective effect, 2.6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide complex with succinic acid.

Активність системи антиоксидантного захисту в організмі молоді коропа за згодовування олії розторопші плямистої

Purpose. Determination of the biological effect of milk thistle oil at different amounts of its introduction into the diet (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) on the antioxidant status of the body of juvenile carp in the conditions of recirculating aquaculture systems. Methodology. For the experimental studies, 4 groups of juvenile carps were formed, 150 individuals in each, with an average weight of 0.012 g, which were kept in 150 dm3 tanks with artificial water aeration. The period of their adaptation to holding conditions lasted 7 days. Over the next 21 days, the fish of the control and experimental groups were fed with compound feed with a protein content of 23%. The daily feed of fish of the experimental groups were additionally supplemented with milk thistle oil at amounts of 0.5 (Experiment I); 1.0 (Experiment II) and 1.5% (Experiment III). The juveniles were fed with the addition of oil three times a day. At the end of the experiment, skeletal muscle samples of juveniles were taken for the biochemical study. The concentration of diene conjugates was studied by the method based on the reaction of the optical density of the heptanisopropanol extract of lipids. Determination of the concentration of TBC-active products was carried out spectrophotometrically by a color reaction with thiobarbituric acid. The activity of superoxidedismutase was determined by the percentage of inhibition of the reduction reaction of nitroblue tetrazolium in the presence of phenazine metasulfate. Catalase activity depended on the change in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Protein content was determined by the Bradford method. Processing of experimental results was carried out by the method of variational statistics. A statistically significant difference in obtained values was assessed by the Student’s t-test. Findings. It was found that the main parameters of water quality were within the normal values and the environment during the cultivation of the young-of-the-years was optimal. A positive effect of the use of milk thistle oil on the average weight was noted, which exceeded the average weight of fish of the control group by 3.8; 11.5; 7.8%. The survival rate of the fish of the experimental groups was higher in Experiment II and Experiment III by 7.4; 4.9% relative to the control group. An increase in superoxidedismutase activity was observed in all experimental groups, namely in Experiment I by 20.0%, Experiment II and Experiment III by 55.0% and 57.0% (p&lt;0.01), respectively. At the same time, a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes was observed in all experimental groups of fish. It was found that the addition of 1.0 and 1.5% milk thistle oil to the diet of juvenile carps had a positive effect on productive and biochemical parameters of their body. Originality. For the first time, the optimal norms for the introduction of milk thistle oil into the daily diet of juvenile carps and the effect of feeding this phytosupplement on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of products of lipid peroxidation were determined. Practical value. The obtained results indicate the advisability and effectiveness of using milk thistle oil as a phytoaddition in growing and feeding juvenile carps. Keywords: juvenile carp, milk thistle oil, antioxidant enzymes, content of lipid peroxidation products, weight gain, survival rate.

The influence of heat stress on the antioxidant protection glutathione link and the content of lipid peroxidation products in chicken liver

Heat stress is one of the main reactions of the body’s response to environmental factors, negatively affecting the welfare of various animal species. An increase in environmental temperature can cause stress, which, in turn, potentially has various negative consequences for animals including disruption of the antioxidant system functioning. Violating the antioxidant-prooxidant balance can lead to an increased free radicals formation in the body, which can damage cells and promote the development of various diseases. The article presents the study results of the artificially simulated heat stress effect on individual indicators of the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation products in the chickens’ liver. The choice of these animals for this study is due to the fact that the poultry is particularly sensitive to the elevated environmental temperatures and, accordingly, to heat stress. This is caused by the biological peculiarities of birds, in particular, they lack sweat glands, and their body surface is mostly covered with feathers, which, together with the high density of keeping in the industrial poultry farming, often leads to the heat stress. The purpose of this work was to find out the presence or absence of changes in individual indicators of the antioxidant system glutathione link and the lipid peroxidation products content in chickens’ liver. The analysis of indicators such as lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), TBA-active products, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) will allow us to obtain information about the body’s antioxidant defense system state and the oxidative stress level under heat stress conditions. In this study we used 18 hens of the white Leghorn breed. The research was conducted in the vivarium of the Institute of Animal Biology of the National Academy of Sciences in two stages. During the first stage, chickens were kept at an air temperature of 20°С for 7 days. During the second stage, we created heat stress conditions by increasing the temperature to 35°С 6 hours a day, also for 7 days. It has been found that as the ambient temperature increased, the content of LOOH, GSH, and activity of GSH-Px in the liver of chickens increased (P&lt;0.01), while, on the contrary, the content of TBA-active products and activity of GR decreased (P&lt;0.01). The obtained data prove the heat stress effect on the antioxidant protection glutathione link in chicken liver. Research results can be of practical value for improving the bird keeping conditions in the industrial poultry farming, developing strategies for protection against stress, and improving the conditions to ensure the animals’ welfare and health.

“EnzActive mix” probiotic preparation effect on some metabolism sites and antioxidant defense parameters of sows and their piglets organisms

Taking into consideration the relevance and significant scientific and practical interest in the issue of probiotic preparations effect on various metabolism sites and productivity of farm animals, we have studied the probiotic feed additive “EnzActive mix” based on live Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on some metabolism sites, the content of lipid peroxidation products and the antioxidant defense activity in sows and piglets obtained from them. The actuality of such studies is explained by the significant interest in the use of probiotic preparations not only in human medicine, but also in the practice of animal husbandry. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the specified feed additive on some metabolism sites of the farrowing sows and the piglets obtained from them organism, on the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) content, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes, in particular, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in their body. It was established that feed additive “EnzActive mix”, based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, administration decreased the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) content (TBARS and lipids hydroperoxides) in sows and their progeny blood, in the result of the study. The reason for such LPP content decrease was the antioxidant defense enzyme — superoxide dismutase increase in the sows’ and their progeny’s RBC (red blood cells). However, it was admitted also feed additives’ positive effect on sows’ parameters of productivity.

Efficiency of Androgenesis In Vitro in the Culture of Isolated Winter Wheat Anthers: 2. The Influence of the Duration of Low-Temperature Pretreatment of Donor Plants on the Content of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Fatty Acid Composition in Flowers from Different Parts of the Spike

Efficiency of Androgenesis In Vitro in the Culture of Isolated Winter Wheat Anthers: 2. The Influence of the Duration of Low-Temperature Pretreatment of Donor Plants on the Content of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Fatty Acid Composition in Flowers from Different Parts of the Spike

Metal-accumulating capacity and antioxidant activity of Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. moss in urban areas

Background. Bryophytes, including mosses, are widely used in biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution due to their ability to accumulate metals from atmospheric air. However, the effects of metal accumulation on metabolic processes in bryophyte cells have not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this work was to analyse the accumulation of heavy metals, indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and antioxidant status in gameto­phytes of the epiphytic moss Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. collected from urban areas with different levels of technogenic load. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in the city of Lviv (western part of Ukraine). Within the city, 15 sampling sites were selected and grouped as fol­lows: the green zone (A) conditionally used as the control, zone influenced by transport activities (B) and the industrial zone (C). In gametophyte shoots of P. polyantha, con­centrations of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analysed using the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry; the content of LPO products (lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and the activities of antioxidant system enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase) were analysed using standard methods. The results were processed using standard statistical methods. Results. Concentrations of heavy metals in P. polyantha gametophytes collected from the study area can be arranged in descending order as follows: Fe&gt; Mn&gt; Zn&gt; Pb&gt; Cu&gt; Ni&gt; Cr&gt; Co&gt; Cd. The content of individual metals in moss material varied depending on the sampling site. Moss shoots collected from zone B accumulated significantly higher levels of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, and shoots from zone C had higher levels of Cr and Zn compared to those from the green zone. Moss gametophytes col­lected from sites in zone B had higher concentrations of LPO products and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes activity compared to the control. Conclusions. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in moss material from sites exposed to traffic and industrial activities reflect atmospheric heavy metal pollution in urban areas. Intensive accumulation of heavy metals in gametophytes of P. polyantha that grows in the areas of transport activities is accompanied by increased lipid peroxi­dation processes and activation of enzymes of the antioxidant system in moss cells. Activation of antioxidant enzymes may play an important role in the adaptation of the moss P. polyantha to urban environments contaminated with heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities.

The State of Colon Microbiocenosis and Antioxidant Properties of Rat Colonocytes in Environmental Dysbiosis and Use of Probiotic Bifidumbacterin® and Symbiotic Acipol®

INTRODUCTION: The microbial community of the colon is a single microecological system which quickly responds to the exposure to external and internal factors with quantitative and qualitative changes with the result of development of the condition termed dysbiosis. The changes in the composition of colon microbiocenosis can lead to a number of diseases and to the development of immunopathological and allergic conditions.&#x0D; AIM: To evaluate the state of the colon microbiocenosis and antioxidant properties of rats’ colonocytes against a background environmental dysbiosis and the use of probiotic Bifidumbacterin® and symbiotic Acipol®.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the experiment, intoxication in rats was modeled with the fungicide Thiram® (dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate, 1.6 mg per animal of 200 g mass) for 28 days, which led to the development of environmental dysbiosis. The detected changes were subsequently corrected within 21 days with the probiotic Bifidumbacterin® (0.14 ml per animal of 200 g mass) and the symbiotic Acipol® (0.08 ml per animal of 200 g mass). The composition of the microflora of colon mucosa of rats was studied using a bacteriological method. The activity of antioxidant protection enzymes of colonocytes was studied by the content of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The condition of lipid peroxidation processes was assessed by the content of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde.&#x0D; RESULTS: In introduction of Thiram®, reduction of the amount of obligate and opportunistic representatives of colon microbiocenosis was noted, as well as intensification of lipid peroxidation processes in the conditions of weakening of antioxidant protection in colonocytes. Application of Bifidumbacterin® and Acipol® resulted in increase in the amount of obligate bacteria and decrease in the content of opportunists of the colon microbiota with the strongest effect of Acipol® on the values of the determined parameters. When studying changes in biochemical parameters in animal colonocytes, both drugs were found to contribute to the normalization of the content of malondialdehyde in the colon tissue, besides, Acipol® led to a decrease in the concentration of diene conjugates in colonocytes.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Introduction of Thiram® in all the specified periods affected the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota and biochemical parameters in the colonocytes of the animals. The use of Bifidumbacterin® and Acipol® preparations resulted in the restoration of the qualitative and quantitative composition of colonic microorganisms, and also had a positive effect on the content of lipid peroxidation products in colonocytes, but more efficient was found to be Acipol® symbiotic.

Impact of Smoking on Salivary Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Young Adults: A Comparative Analysis between Traditional Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Products.

BACKGROUND Smoking nicotine is considered to be one of the most harmful addictions, leading to the development of a number of health complications, including many pathologies in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of smoking traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn products on profiles of salivary lipids and lipid peroxidation products in the unstimulated and stimulated saliva of healthy young adults with a smoking habit of up to 3 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 3 groups of 25 smoking patients each and a control group matched for age, gender, and oral status. In saliva collected from patients from the study groups and participants from the control group, the concentrations of sphingolipids: sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, and salivary lipid peroxidation products - malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) - were measured. The normality of distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For comparison of the results, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test was used. RESULTS We demonstrated that each type of smoking causes a decrease in the concentration of salivary lipids, and there was an increased concentration of salivary MDA and 4-HNE. CONCLUSIONS Smoking in the initial period of addiction leads to an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products through increased oxidative stress, leading to disturbance of the lipid balance of the oral cavity (eg, due to damage to cell membranes).

Вміст жирних кислот і продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів у сироватці крові молодняка української м’ясної породи при дії солей міді, селену та марганцю

Fatty acids have a significant impact on the overall metabolic processes in the body. One of the links of the general metabolism is the formation of peroxidation products during the oxidation of fatty acids. The aim of our work was to investigate the relationship between the content of fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products under copper, selenium, and manganese deficiency. The study was conducted on calves of the Ukrainian meat breed aged 6 months. An appropriate dose of deficient trace elements was added to the basic diet of the experimental groups. Determination of the spectrum of fatty acids in blood serum was performed using a gas chromatograph. The diet with copper, selenium and manganese increased the content of short-chain saturated fatty acids and the level of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. The obtained results indicate the influence of individual fatty acids on the formation of peroxidation of products as a result of increased oxidation of the corresponding substrates. It is shown that deficient copper, selenium and manganese affect the correlation between fatty acids and peroxidation products. The revealed regularities can become the basis for the development of sound strategies for the mineral nutrition of beef cattle by including deficient trace elements and polyunsaturated omega fatty acids. In addition to obtaining important data on the relationship between biochemical processes in the body of beef cattle, the study of the influence of dietary strategies on the nutritional value and fatty acid composition of beef is provided by our further research.

Relationship of Cytokine Status Parameters with the Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Defense System in Obese Adolescents

The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between cytokine status, lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in obese adolescent boys and girls. Methods and Results: The study included 29 boys and 33 girls with an established diagnosis of exogenous-constitutional obesity of the first degree. Twenty-eight healthy adolescent boys and 24 adolescent girls made up control groups. The concentration of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-10) was assessed by enzyme immunoassay. The content of LPO products (conjugated dienes [CDs], ketodienes and conjugated trienes [KD-CT], Schiff bases [SB], thiobarbituric acid reactants [TBARs], total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated. Spectrophotometric methods were used. The data obtained indicated a statistically significant increase in the level of IL-6 (P=0.018) and the IL-6/IL10 ratio (P=0.033) in obese boys, compared with the control. There was also an increase in the content of LPO products in this group relative to the control group: KD-CT (P=0.043) and SB (P=0.021). In the group of obese girls, there was an increase in IL-6 values (P=0.018), a decrease in IL-4 (P=0.040), and an increase in CDs (P=0.035) and KD-CT (P=0.044). The following correlations were found in the control group of boys: CDs‒KD-CT (r=0.91; P=0.001), TBARS‒IL-8 (r=0.73; P=0.027), and SB‒IL-4 (r=0.79; P=0.011); there were no statistically significant correlations between study parameters in obese boys. The following correlations were recorded in the girls of the control group: CDs‒KD-CT (r=0.99; P&lt;0.0001), TAA‒IL-10 (r=-0.80; P=0.033), TAA‒IL-4 (r=-0.78; P=0.040); in obese girls, it was SB‒IL-4 (r=-0.67; P=0.048). Conclusion: Data analysis showed high activity of proinflammatory cytokines and LPO products in obese adolescents, regardless of gender, with a reduced concentration of anti-inflammatory factors and correlations between parameters of inflammation and OS in girls. An important component of the pathogenetic approach in treating obesity should be the control of these parameters.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ И ФИТОПРЕПАРАТА ДЛЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ, ОКАЗАВШИХСЯ В ТРУДНОЙ ЖИЗНЕННОЙ СИТУАЦИИ «СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ СИРОТ»

Objectives. Children who find themselves in a difficult life situation are one of the neediest social groups who need help both from the state and from specialists in various fields. To improve and improve the quality of medical dental care for this social group of children, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed complex of therapeutic and preventive measures, taking into account the specific situation in social institutions for orphans and children left without parental care.&#x0D; Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed complex for the prevention and treatment of major dental diseases in orphans and children in a difficult life situation with the use of photodynamic therapy and herbal medicine.&#x0D; Methodology. The article presents clinical and laboratory data after the implementation of the developed complex of therapeutic and preventive measures using photodynamic therapy and herbal medicine in orphans and children in difficult life situations in the age groups of 6–7 years, 11–13 years and 14–16 years. The dynamics of the dental and hygienic status, some physicochemical, biochemical, immunological parameters of the oral fluid and the periodontopathogenic microbiota of the periodontal sulcus are presented.&#x0D; Results. The use of the developed complex for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases using photodynamic therapy and a phytopreparation in a socially vulnerable group of children showed high efficiency: oral hygiene improved in all age groups from a poor to a satisfactory level, the indicator of cured temporary and permanent teeth increased (component "P") in the structure of KPU in children 6 years of age more than 0.5 times, in adolescents more than 2.7 times. In the mixed saliva, the pH increased, the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines normalized, the content of lipid peroxidation products sharply decreased against the background of an increase in the activity of the main antioxidant defense enzymes, and the amount of periodontopathogenic microbiota in the periodontal sulcus decreased.&#x0D; Conclusions. The program for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of major dental diseases in orphans and children in difficult life situations leads to a decrease in the intensity of dental caries and periodontal disease, and a significant decrease in cases of tooth loss.

CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM ATTENUATES PANCREATIC OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DYSREGULATED CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and is gravely troubling human health and quality of life. Side effects of synthetic hypoglycemic agents have led to investigations on alternative sources such as herbal drugs in treating diabetes. Anti-diabetic properties of Clerodendrum infortunatum in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes were evaluated and compared with the standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. Aqueous extract of C. infortunatum on carbohydrate metabolism revealed its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it could significantly modulate insulin secretion, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen metabolism for effective glucose homeostasis. Notably, the drug could accelerate the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in the pancreas. The study proves the efficacy of C. infortunatum as a potent source of phytochemicals in ameliorating diabetic complications and suggests the medicinal plant as a nutraceutical agent.