Contemporary Views Research Articles

Ennodius and the Rhetoric of Roman Identity: Strategies and Traditions in Shaping Roman Identity in the Panegyric for Theoderic the Great, 506 CE

Abstract: Ennodius' panegyric for Theoderic the Great shows the employment of Roman rhetorical tradition and republican-era virtues to legitimise the new Germanic ruler of Italy. After Ennodius' general strategies to depict Theoderic as a Roman are discussed, this paper analyses two specific samples from the speech which show the use of traditional symbols, exempla , and even Ciceronian conceptions of tyranny alongside contemporary views of Romans and barbarians. These strategies were used to shape a version of Theoderic that removed the ruler from his Germanic background and reinterpreted him as a Roman ruler.

Orthodox Response to Christian Universalism: The Theological Perspective of Pavel Florensky

This study aims to offer an Orthodox response to the challenges posed by the new understanding of Christian universalism. We argue that contemporary man requires a clear and comprehensive answer to this issue, given that universalism is not merely a theological concept but also must be understood by each individual. This response is imperative as Christianity is obligated to answer everyone at all times, in line with the teachings of Apostle Peter about being prepared to answer questions about our hope (1 Peter 3:15). In this context, the study examines contemporary antinomian views on Christian universalism, with a specific focus on the original theory of theologian Pavel Florensky. Florensky posits that divine judgment will separate the 'holy self' of the damned - which will be preserved without exception and viewed joyously by the righteous, but will only objectively exist for them - from their self-consciousness of enduring torment and illusory subjectivity. Through this lens, hell is perceived as the sole reality in the consciousness of the damned, yet non-existent in the consciousness of God and the righteous. This study provides an important perspective on how Orthodox theology can respond to the challenges of universalism in a contemporary context.

Correction of Multiapical Deformities of Long Bones of the Lower Extremities: A Review

Background. Multiapical deformities of the long bones of the lower extremities represent a complex and widely prevalent orthopedic pathology. A numerous of publications address its individual aspects: diagnosis, planning, and correction. However, no single study was found that offers a comprehensive assessment of contemporary views on treating patients with multiapical deformities of long bones.
 Aim of the review — to define current concepts and unresolved issues in the analysis, planning, and correction of multiapical deformities of the long bones of the lower limbs based on the scientific literature.
 Methods. Electronic databases were utilized for literature search: PubMed/MEDLINE, SAGE Publishing Journals, Embase, eLIBRARY, Google Scholar. Particular attention was paid to studies that provide information on diagnosis, planning, and correction methods for multiapical deformities. A total of 46 publications were included in the review.
 Results. In the literature, the terms “multiapical deformity” and “multilevel deformity” are used synonymously. At the same time, the term “multilevel deformity” is used to denote uniapical deformities of different limb segments. The main diagnostic feature of a multiapical deformity is the location of the apex outside the bone. Unlike uniapical deformities, the correction planning of multiapical deformities uses the axis of the intermediate fragment(s). Most authors define it as the mid-diaphyseal line. The correction of multiapical deformities is performed either acute or gradually. Acute correction with internal fixation is undoubtedly more comfortable for the patient. If there are contraindications to it, the deformity correction is performed gradually using Ilizarov hinges or orthopedic hexapods.
 Conclusion. The term “multiapical deformity” inherently indicates that the deformed bone has more than one apex, so it should take precedence over the term “multilevel deformity”. The diagnostic feature of the multiapical deformity “localization of the AOD outside the bone” is not absolute and requires clarification. There are challenges in planning the correction using mechanical axes, as well as in determining the axis of the nonlinear (bowing) intermediate fragment(s). The “spring technique” has significant advantages over other variants of using orthopedic hexapods in correcting a multiapical deformity. However, a rationale for the optimal characteristics of springs, their fixation points to supports, and clarification of the computer program’s use method is required. Addressing these issues will enhance the treatment efficiency for patients with multiapical deformities.

Development of entrepreneurship culture in secondary school students as a problem of pedagogical science and educational practice

In the modern world, the concepts of a successful state and a successful person are very close to the notion of economic success. Despite the fact that economic success is not yet a guarantee of a successful state or a person, the reverse one is also true: without economic prosperity, a successful state cannot exist. The economic prosperity of states in the modern world is inextricably linked with the development of a free market economy based on entrepreneurship and innovations. Computers, cars, delicious coffee, supermarkets, and even the Internet are all the result of a cultural phenomenon that the author proposes to call "entrepreneurial culture". The article examines the significance of the concept “entrepreneurial culture” as a fundamental basis for developing modern views of the world and the prerequisites for the development of society. For this purpose, the concepts such as culture and entrepreneurship are analyzed, a definition of "entrepreneurial culture" is introduced. The author concludes that the development of entrepreneurial culture is important from the viewpoint of state development, the development of science, and the development of young people acquiring school education. The author examines the history of perceptions of entrepreneurial culture in Ukrainian society and analyzes contemporary views on entrepreneurial activity. The article also raises the questions: “What the teaching of entrepreneurship courses in the new Ukrainian school should be like?” and “Who should be involved in this?” As it is known, in 2017, the reform of Ukrainian school education began, which was named the New Ukrainian School. Among the competencies that learners will acquire, in addition to others, there is entrepreneurship and financial literacy. Therefore, the author asks whether the image of an entrepreneur in Ukrainian culture coincides with the image of a person that the learner dreams of becoming and whether they have an internal motivation to become entrepreneurs. Will they become future entrepreneurs due to acquired competencies if the attitude towards entrepreneurs that exists in our culture does not change?

An exploratory study of prison-based violence from the contemporary prisoner perspective

PurposeUnderstanding and preventing prison-based violence remains a challenge for both prison professionals and academic researchers. Alongside the rising tide of prison violence, the contemporary researcher views prison violence as a social problem and something that needs to be understood from an ecological viewpoint before violence prevention strategies can be implemented. The purpose of this study was to present an exploratory investigation into the causes of violence within a Category B UK prison, its impact and the factors that contribute to violence prevention.Design/methodology/approachAdopting an ethnographic, qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six prisoners to gather their individual perspectives on prison violence. Interview transcripts were analysed by the researcher using grounded theory analysis.FindingsResults revealed that participants perceived debt as a catalyst for violence and associated a sense of “loss” with emotional violent outbursts. Furthermore, participants placed responsibility on other prisoners and staff to facilitate violence prevention outcomes by making positive changes (prisoners) and being honest, and moral within the workplace (staff). Emphasis was placed on cultural maintenance factors that appeared to promote, reinforce and maintain a violent cultural environment.Practical implicationsIncluding the prisoner voice in prison violence research is fundamental to understanding the complexity of the problem. Understanding the cultural environment within which violence occurs strengthens the ecological perspective. Violence prevention strategies identified in this research requires change from prisoners, staff and ultimately the wider prison system if it is to succeed in preventing violence.Originality/valueResults are discussed considering their implications for future policy and practice in the context of violence prevention.

The progression of human posture concept and advances in postural assessment techniques

This narrative review delves into the historical and evolutionary aspects of human bipedal upright posture, tracing its development from anthropological perspectives to modern postural analysis methods. It examines the multifaceted factors influencing the evolution of upright posture in human ancestors, challenging the notion of a singular cause. The review highlights various environmental and social hypotheses, such as the need for gathering food, self-defense, or tool use, which may have contributed to this significant evolutionary shift. The concept of posture has been interpreted differently across historical periods, reflecting the prevailing cultural and scientific understanding. From Aristotle’s view of upright posture as a divine gift to Johann Gottfried Herder’s perspective of it as a distinguishing human characteristic from animals, and to the more contemporary views of Henry and Florence Kendall, the evolution of the concept mirrors the changing paradigms in human thought. The development of methods for evaluating posture is also a key focus. The review traces the journey from the introduction of the plumb line in the 1850s, a simple yet effective tool for assessing spinal asymmetries, to the advent of the Adams test and the scoliometer, which revolutionized scoliosis diagnosis. Today, advanced techniques like rasterstereography and AI-based methods offer sophisticated, non-invasive means for detailed posture analysis, minimizing errors and maximizing efficiency. The review emphasizes the ongoing importance of posture in the context of overall health, underscoring the adage of a healthy mind in a healthy body. It illustrates how the study of posture, from its evolutionary roots to modern analytical tools, remains a vital aspect of understanding human health and well-being.

MEMOIRS AS EGO-DOCUMENTS: VECTORS OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVE, PRINCIPLES OF USE AND INTERPRETATION

Abstract 
 The purpose of the article is to analyse and review the views of foreign scholars on the problem of memoir sources, their interpretation as ego-documents; to clarify modern theories and discourses on the motivation and vectors of internal narration; studies on the interpretation of self-presentation, the construction of plot structures in memoirs/autobiographies; to highlight the interplay of social construction on memory and understanding your own self. Methodology. The principles of historicism, objectivity, multifactoriality, systematicity, socio-cultural, anthropological, and critical-analytical approaches were followed in the course of the study. The methods of historiographical analysis and synthesis, comparative studies, scientific criticism, systematic and analytical, and historical and comparative methods were used. The scientific novelty lies in the disclosure of the conceptual approaches of foreign humanities to the study of the source potential of memoirs, event reflection display problems, memory in written self-presentation. It is found that historical science, sociology, philology, and psychology are actively appeals to memoir/autobiography studios as a unique source of personal experience, imagination, and demonstration of the variability of representation of the past.
 Conclusions. So, memoirs serve as a tool for studying socio-cultural components, historical context, and identity. Today, ego-history is gaining popularity through the dissemination of interventional autobiographies, which are used by historians themselves, constructing history in real time in the first person. Thus, ego-documents significantly expand the scope of academic discourse and demonstrate the relationship between the individual and the collective. A distinctive feature of the contemporary views of American researchers and authors is the identity, the unification of the terminology of memoir and autobiography, that is, the emergence of a hybrid form. Memoirs are an expression of a substitute tradition in relation to the official tradition, giving autonomy to an individual vision. Memoirs play a social role in historical reconstruction. Memoirs/autobiographies are sources of "authentic" knowledge of everyday life on a certain continuum, the history of imagination and values, as opposed to abstraction. The meanings of the experience are merged into semantic formats and organised into vectors of autobiographical narrative. The historian who works with ego-documents as written codes in the course of research gains new knowledge that reveals the specifics of unknown facts and destroys the stability of already conventionally or factually formed opinions, i.e. initiates revisionism of information and a revolution in already established statements that are equated with canons.

Theories and practice

Does a theory of architecture exist? If so, what does it involve? Researching and analysing what has already been implemented? Refining methods and matrices based on practice? In other words, is the theory secondary?
 The debate about this has been going on for many years and even centuries. But today, in the age of robots and computers, the question of architectural theory takes on a new meaning. As the development of technology accelerates all practical processes – from design approval to the construction of objects in material, when million cities appear on an empty place in five years, and single buildings – in a fortnight, the practice of architecture more closely resembles a cross-country race. One can assume that the practitioner behind the wheel is increasingly in need of a theorist, a navigator who follows the road on a map and charts the course of the journey. Or do the theories in this race follow the findings and insights of the practitioners?
 In this issue of the journal, we have collected several contemporary views on architectural theory. These views are heterogeneous and often do not agree with each other. The map on which the route of architectural development is travelled is pieced together from scraps, sketches and fragments of accurate but outdated plans and outlines. But we have no other map, and we will have to improve the theory and its connection with the practice right on the move.
 It is noteworthy that the news section also touches upon the theme of the issue: it opens with the jubilee exhibitions of Maria Nashchokina, a well-known theoretician and historian of architecture, and Andrey Bokov, a prominent practitioner and theorist.

Suggestion for Determining Treatment Strategies in Dental Ethics

Contemporary medicine views health as the individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being. Oral health plays a crucial role in one’s well-being, as the oral cavity and its surrounding regions execute essential functions in verbal and nonverbal communication, sensing, digestion, and significantly contribute to aesthetic appearance. The multifaceted nature of the notion of oral health, as well as the patient’s needs and autonomous will result in various treatment options for the same oral state, favouring often contrasting ethical values and different aspects of oral health. The objective of this article is to suggest alternative treatment strategies in dentistry with respect to the following factors: extent of rehabilitation, preserving one’s anatomical structures, aesthetic outcome, number of sessions, patient autonomy. Additionally, this article describes the suggested treatment strategies in an ethical context and determines the conditions of their employment. The suggested treatment strategies are divided in two categories, extensive treatment strategies focusing on the patient’s entire craniofacial complex, while specific treatment strategies focus on specific paramount issues.

Swedish bureaucratic biodiversity: Analysing municipal worker discourse with the theory of sociocultural viability

AbstractCities are important sites for societal transitions towards sustainability, which is increasingly recognised around the issue of biodiversity conservation and protection. However, cities are often characterised by the need to develop and grow. Furthermore, efforts to promote sustainable development have been criticised as failing to address the fundamental causes of environmental destruction. In this article, based on interviews with bureaucrats and documentary analysis, I explore urban planning and biodiversity protection at four Swedish municipalities. Biodiversity protection has been an official goal in Sweden for 30 years. As such, my research aim is to explore how Swedish bureaucrats represent efforts to balance imperatives to develop cities and protect biodiversity. Taking an institutional approach, I identify what information is included and excluded. In assessing municipal discourse, I utilise the theory of sociocultural viability, which provides an analytical typology of four worldviews. I identify that within respondents' discourse, biodiversity primarily emerges as a product of a hierarchical view of reality, as a measurable object; an indicator; a characteristic; and as a provider that is both engineerable and replaceable. This was despite numerous respondents articulating an egalitarian desire for more holistic interpretations of biodiversity in urban planning, appreciative of its inherent worth. This suggests that biodiversity has largely been integrated into extant hierarchical conceptualisations of public administration. According to cultural theory, addressing wicked policy problems effectively requires insight from several of the typology's worldviews. As such, current practice may reiterate dominant contemporary views on nature rather than innovation towards a radically different society.

A modern version of restoration comedy? Double entendre, objectification, fearful men and rakes manqué in the television work of Benny Hill

Benny Hill’s once globally popular (but controversial) television humour was often built around elements associated with Restoration comedy. These included double entendre; the objectification of women (which Hill in the 1980s intensified, to the detriment of his comedy and career); and themes involving men fearing women. Additionally, some of Hill’s characters had traits suggestive of those of Restoration comedy, although his men generally lacked the classic rakes’ social status and sexual success, and their frequent failures introduced into Hill’s comedy an ironic caricature of contemporary views of male sexuality and ego.

Ayurvedic and contemporary view of Vishaghana Mahakashya

Charka Samhita is considered one of the oldest ancient medical books among all literary. Charka explained fifty Mahakashaya in the fourth chapter of Sutra-Sthan namely Shadvirechanshtashreeya. Each Mahakashya are named according to their action, for example Balya Mahakashaya increases strength. Each Mahakashaya has ten drugs. Among the fifty Mahakashaya. Laghu, Ruksha, Aashu, Vishad, Vyavayi, Tikshna, Vikaashi, Sookshma, Ushna, Anirdeshyarasa[1] are the ten properties of poisonous drugs. Drugs which act against toxic effect of substances are called as Vishaghna.[2] Vishaghanamahakashaya shows the anti-toxic effect by treating of Rakta and Pitta Dushti. The term Vishaghana and detoxification are same functionally. Vishaghana Mahakashaya Dravya denatures toxins, neutralise toxins and excretes toxins from the body. It includes Haridra (Curcuma longa), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Suvahaa (Operculina turpethum), Sukshama Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Paalindee (Hemidesmus indicus), Chandan (Santalum album), Kataka (Strychnos potatorum), Shirish (Albizzia lebbeck), Sinduvaara (Vitex negundo) and Shleshmaataka (Cordia dichotoma). Vishghanamahakashya has large area of therapeutic uses. The objective of this review article includes discussing different aspect of Vishghanamahakashya in Ayurvedic and contemporary aspects.

Designing human-AI systems for complex settings: ideas from distributed, joint, and self-organising perspectives of sociotechnical systems and cognitive work analysis

Real-world events like the COVID-19 pandemic and wildfires in Australia, Europe, and America remind us that the demands of complex operational settings are met by multiple, distributed teams interwoven with a large array of artefacts and networked technologies, including automation. Yet, current models of human-automation interaction, including those intended for human-machine teaming or collaboration, tend to be dyadic in nature, assuming individual humans interacting with individual machines. Given the opportunities and challenges of emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and the growing interest of many organisations in utilising these technologies in complex operations, we suggest turning to contemporary perspectives of sociotechnical systems for a way forward. We show how ideas of distributed cognition, joint cognitive systems, and self-organisation lead to specific concepts for designing human-AI systems, and propose that design frameworks informed by contemporary views of complex work performance are needed. We discuss cognitive work analysis as an example.

An epistemology for democratic citizen science.

More than ever, humanity relies on robust scientific knowledge of the world and our place within it. Unfortunately, our contemporary view of science is still suffused with outdated ideas about scientific knowledge production based on a naive kind of realism. These ideas persist among members of the public and scientists alike. They contribute to an ultra-competitive system of academic research, which sacrifices long-term productivity through an excessive obsession with short-term efficiency. Efforts to diversify this system come from a movement called democratic citizen science, which can serve as a model for scientific inquiry in general. Democratic citizen science requires an alternative theory of knowledge with a focus on the role that diversity plays in the process of discovery. Here, we present such an epistemology, based on three central philosophical pillars: perspectival realism, a naturalistic process-based epistemology, and deliberative social practices. They broaden our focus from immediate research outcomes towards cognitive and social processes which facilitate sustainable long-term productivity and scientific innovation. This marks a shift from an industrial to an ecological vision of how scientific research should be done, and how it should be assessed. At the core of this vision are research communities that are diverse, representative, and democratic.

Atkinson and Shiffrin’s (1968) influential model overshadowed their contemporary theory of human memory

Although every student of memory knows about the Atkinson-Shiffrin (1968) model, few know that it was advanced as a general-purpose modeling framework, not as the specific theoretical instantiation that appears in textbooks today. Largely missing from the historical record is the broader theoretical perspective proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968), one that is surprisingly consistent with contemporary views of human memory. For example, they described “working memory” (using those words) as consisting of a verbal short-term store and a visual short-term store. In addition, using logic that still makes sense today, they justified the distinction between short-term store and long-term store based on the memory profile of the amnesic patient HM, whose verbal short-term store was largely intact despite his inability to form long-term memories. Finally, they explained that some “coding processes” are more effective than others in transferring information from short-term store to long-term store, a perspective that is consistent with the subsequently proposed notion of “depth of processing.” Given its preeminent status in the history of human memory research and its enduring influence on the field today, Atkinson and Shiffrin’s 1968 chapter is reproduced here so that students of memory, including textbook writers, can better appreciate the surprisingly modern ideas they actually proposed.

A review of Karnapaligata Rogas with possible contemporary correlation and pictorial representation

Shalakya Tantra, one of the Asthangas of Ayurvade deals with anatomical, physiological, pathology, and therapeutic aspects pertaining to Gyanendriyas. The ears are one of the Gyanendriya and hearing is one of the important senses to gain knowledge. It enables us to take forward our existence without limitations and helps us to express, socialize and communicate with the world. The ear is not only the organ of hearing but also maintains balance. In Ayurvedic classics, Karna is the word that represents the organ ear. Karna is divided into 3 parts Bahya Karna (Outer ear), Madhya Karna (Middle ear), and Abhyanthara Karna (Inner ear). Karnapaligata Rogas are those which occur to the outer ear i.e., Bahya Karna. Acharya Susruta laid down the principles of plastic surgery centuries ago, which are relevant even in the present era of advanced plastic surgery. Karna Sandhana is one of the techniques Acharya has mentioned as a treatment modality for Karnapaligata Rogas. This article is aimed to compile various opinions on Karnapaligata Rogas by different Acharya and exhibit the nearest correlation in the contemporary view of the disease.

Methodology for Assessing the Risks of Regional Competitiveness Based on the Kolmogorov–Chapman Equations

The relevance of research on competitiveness at the meso level is related to the contemporary views of a region as an essential element of the economic space. The development of forecasting and analytical methods at the regional level of the economy is a key task in the process of strategic decision making. This article proposes a method of quantitative assessment of the risks of regional competitiveness. The novelty of this approach is based on both a fixed-point risk assessment and scenario-based predictive analysis. A hierarchical structure of indicators of competitiveness of regions is offered. A method based on the Kolmogorov–Chapman equations was used for the predictive estimation of risks of regional competitiveness. The integrated risk assessment is performed using the modified fuzzy ELECTRE II method. A web application has been implemented to assess the risks of competitiveness of Russian regions. The functionality of this application provides the use of multi-criteria decision-making methods based on a fuzzy logic approach to estimate risks at a specified time, calculating the probability of risk events and their combinations in the following periods and visualizing the results. Approbation of the technique was carried out for 78 Russian regions for various scenarios. The analysis of the results obtained provides an opportunity to identify the riskiest factors of regional competitiveness and to distinguish regions with different risk levels.

Obesity as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease: a contemporary view on the problem. Review

The review article is devoted to an actual clinical problem of participation of obesity in development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some pathogenic links due to which a negative renal effect of obesity is mediated including in particular, dyslipidemia (DLP), endothelial dysfunction (ED) of renal vessels, activation of renin‑angiotensin‑aldosterone system (RAAS), arterial hypertension (AH), a production of adipose tissue mediators with renal injuring properties such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukines 1,6,8 are discussed. The data about the main factors of progression of renal damage associated with obesity included insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, DLP, systemic and renal hemodynamic disorders caused by activation of RAAS (AH, intraglomerular hypertension) are given. The role of metabolic syndrome and its components in pathogenesis of CKD as well as a role of diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently combined with obesity in development of diabetic kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) is generalized. Among adipokines a special attention in the present review is paid for pathogenic role of leptin and adiponektin in obesity with its conditions promoted renal damage. The participation of resistance to leptin in the pathogenesis of CKD through such links as IR, ED, oxidative stress and inflammation is discussed. The role of ED and glomerular hyperfiltration in pathogenesis of microalbuminuria is elucidated. The significance of injury of kidney tubular cell structures so called podocytes in pathogenesis of CKD in obesity is uncovered. The clinical significance of early revealing of renal pathology as well as body weight, glycemia level, arterial blood pressure control and following of healthy mode of life in reduction of risk development of CKD associated with obesity, DM and other metabolic disorders is generalized. It’s emphasized that evaluation of lipid and carbohydrate exchange parameters, serum leptin level, IR indices is considered to be perspective for diagnostics of renal damage in obesity.

After Su Shi

ABSTRACTThis article offers an introduction to ‘After Su Shi’, a special issue of Journal of Visual Art Practice, which focuses on the art practice of China’s revered poet, calligrapher and stateman, Su Shi (1037–1101). The article situates the work of Su Shi specifically within the context of Hainan, the southern island of China where Su Shi was exiled near the end of his life. Some of his most famous poetry was written during this period and subsequently his identification with Hainan has long endured. Key heritage sites are referenced in this article, and, combined with an overview of the collected papers of the special issue as well as Hainan’s recent new status as free port, this introduction sets out both a historical and contemporary view of Su Shi. It elucidates his far-reaching influence but also contemporary ‘currency’, suggesting of what might come after Su Shi, both in this image, but also akin to his free-spirited belief in the arts.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЯЗВЕННОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ

Introduction. Despite a considerable quantity of studies focused on the etiology and pathogenesis of ulcer disease, this condition continues to be one of the most relevant in the modern gastroenterology due to its prevalence, relapse rates, and the development of ulcerative-destructive complications. This article deals with the influence level of the genetic predisposition to forming gastric and duodenal ulcers, including from the standpoint of the interrelation between the candidate gene and the disease pattern, considering various ethnic groups. Aim. Based on the analysis of scientific medical literature, we are aiming at describing the current data on the molecular genetic basis of gastric and duodenal ulcers, given its wide prevalence among the population and its great medical and social significance. Materials and Methods. We analyzed publications in databases, such as eLibrary, Scopus, and Pubmed, as well as in science search engines, such as Google Scolar and Web of Science. Over 150 sources were studied in total, of which the most significant ones are included in our references herein. Results and Discussion. The article reflects a contemporary view of the epidemiological and etiopathogenetic aspects of developing gastric and duodenal ulcers with a focus on the role of polymorphism of candidate genes in forming such pathology. Conclusion. The analysis of this literature review showed the importance of how genetic factors affect the risk of developing gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as the relevance of further studies thereof followed by potentially developing some programs aimed at the primary prevention of ulcer disease and a personalized approach to health care delivery.