Magnesium Consumption Research Articles

Nutrient Patterns and Risk of Breast Cancer among Iranian Women: a Case- Control Study

Objective:To explore the role of nutrient patterns in the etiology of breast cancer (BCa) among Iranian women.Methods:The study included 134 newly diagnosed cases of BCa and 267 hospitalized controls. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. Nutrient patterns were obtained using principal component analysis using Varimax rotation and logistic regression was performed to estimate breast cancer risk.Results:We identified 4 major nutrient patterns. First was high in consumption of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C, magnesium, iron, carbohydrate, fiber, selenium, zinc, protein, potassium, and calcium. The second nutrient pattern included Vitamins B12, A and cholesterol, while the third featured vitamin D, EPA and DHA. The fourth was characterized by vitamin E, MUFA and saturated fatty acids. After adjusting for age, patterns 1 and 3 were associated with a lower risk of BCa (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.33- 0.80, P=0.003, OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.42- 0.98, P= 0.04 respectively). However, after further adjustment for all confounders in multivariate analysis, the association remained significant only for pattern 1 (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.32- 0.82, P=0.006).Conclusion:Adherence to a nutrient pattern rich in vitamin B, minerals and fiber is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer.

Increased methane production in cyanobacteria and methanogenic microbe co-cultures

A novel light-to-bioenergy system produced 3.5 times the baseline methane output using a co-culture of cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.) and a methanogenic microbial community. Analysis of micronutrients in the system during the growth phase indicated that cobalt, iron, nickel and zinc were not appreciably consumed. The stable consumption and return of macronutrients calcium and magnesium were also observed. Essential macronutrients nitrogen, in the form of nitrate, and phosphorus showed no cycling during the growth phase and were depleted at rates of 0.35mg/L/day and 0.40µg/L/day, respectively. Biofilm formation increased the resilience of biomass to bacterial degradation in an anaerobic digester, as shown by viability assays of cyanobacterial biofilms in the co-culture.

Four weeks of Low Magnesium Consumption can Dysregulate Whole‐body Metabolism and Body Composition in Mice

Nearly 60% of adults in the United States do not meet their dietary magnesium (Mg) recommendation. Mg facilitates over 300 enzymatic reactions, stabilizes ATP during phosphorylation / dephosphorylation, and may aid in blood pressure regulation by influencing vascular tone. While the general symptoms of a long term Mg deficient diet in animals has been described, the impact of a low Mg diet upon whole‐body metabolism is unknown. Our aim was to quantify the metabolic and vascular impact of a low Mg diet since this is more clinically relevant than a Mg deficient diet. We hypothesized that low Mg diets would reduce metabolic rate, impair vascular function and glucose tolerance, and that acute supplementation of Mg back into the diet could rescue these changes. To test this we used 3 groups of 8‐week old male C57BLK6J mice; Group 1 consumed a low Mg diet for 4 weeks (L‐Mg, n=12, 100mg Mg Oxide/ kg chow), Group 2 consumed the Low Mg diet for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week Mg supplementation (L‐Mg+S, n=12, 500mg Mg Bisglycinate / kg chow), Group 3 consumed a control diet for 4 weeks (Con, n=8, 500mg MgO/ kg chow).Mg status was impaired in L‐Mg vs. L‐Mg+S mice as evidenced by lower (p<0.05) Mg concentrations (Mg mg/g tissue) in bone (2367±82 vs. 2682±64) and heart (177±18 vs. 236±20). O2 consumption (mL/kg/hr) was greater (p<0.05) in L‐Mg (3105±51) vs. Con (2880±62), and further increased in L‐Mg+S (3349±51). CO2 production was similar between L‐Mg (2967±58) and Con (2856±71), but increased (p<0.05) in L‐Mg+S (3246±58). Respiratory exchange ratio (O2 consumed : CO2 produced) was similar among all groups. Heat production (Cal/hr) was lower (p<0.05) in L‐Mg (398±8) vs. Con (426±8), but was normalized in L‐Mg+S (442±8). The changes in O2, CO2 and heat production were not due to any differences in food intake, water intake, or physical activity. All groups had similar lean body mass (% of body mass). Body fat (% of body mass) trended (p=0.088) to be greater in L‐Mg (12.6±0.96%) vs. Con (10.0±1.08%), which was subsequently normalized (p<0.05) in L‐Mg+S (8.3±1.15%). Fasting glucose levels and glucose tolerance tests were similar among groups. Arterial function was assessed in two femoral artery segments (150 μm i.d.) per mouse using isometric tension procedures. Vasorelaxation to endothelium‐dependent (acetylcholine) and –independent (sodium nitroprusside) agonists, and vasocontraction to receptor‐mediated (phenylephrine) and non‐receptor‐mediated (potassium chloride) agonists were similar among groups.Our study demonstrates that short‐term low Mg consumption leads to dysregulation of whole‐body metabolism that is characterized by reduced heat production and increased body fat. However, both are rapidly reversed after 1‐week of Mg supplementation. Metabolic data gathered in our study provide proof of concept that long‐term consumption of low Mg diets may precipitate weight gain and development of obesity. This is a novel finding with potential public health relevance since the majority of Americans are overweight and have documented low Mg intake.Support or Funding InformationThis work was support by a Research Grant from Albion Labs

Reported Dietary Intake, Disparity between the Reported Consumption and the Level Needed for Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study.

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and vitamin D have important biological roles in the body, especially in bone metabolism. We aimed to study the reported intake, the disparity between the reported consumption and the level needed for adequacy and food sources of these four nutrients in the Spanish population. We assessed the reported intake for both, general population and plausible reporters. Results were extracted from the ANIBES survey, n = 2009. Three-day dietary reported intake data were obtained and misreporting was assessed according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Mean ± SEM (range) total reported consumption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D for the whole population were 698 ± 7 mg/day (71–2551 mg/day), 1176 ± 8 mg/day, (331–4429 mg/day), 222 ± 2 mg/day (73–782 mg/day), and 4.4 ± 0.1 µg/day (0.0–74.2 µg/day), respectively. In the whole group, 76% and 66%; 79% and 72%; and 94% and 93% of the population had reported intakes below 80% of the national and European recommended daily intakes for calcium, magnesium and vitamin D, respectively; these percentages were over 40% when the plausible reporters were analysed separately. The main food sources were milk and dairy products for calcium and phosphorus, cereals and grains for magnesium and fish for vitamin D. In conclusion, there is an important percentage of the Spanish ANIBES population not meeting the recommended intakes for calcium, magnesium and vitamin D.

Dose-Response Relationship between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

The epidemiological evidence for a dose-response relationship between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is sparse. The aim of the study was to summarize the evidence for the association of dietary magnesium intake with risk of T2D and evaluate the dose-response relationship. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that reported dietary magnesium intake and risk of incident T2D. We identified relevant studies by searching major scientific literature databases and grey literature resources from their inception to February 2016. We included cohort studies that provided risk ratios, i.e., relative risks (RRs), odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs), for T2D. Linear dose-response relationships were assessed using random-effects meta-regression. Potential nonlinear associations were evaluated using restricted cubic splines. A total of 25 studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies comprised 637,922 individuals including 26,828 with a T2D diagnosis. Compared with the lowest magnesium consumption group in the population, the risk of T2D was reduced by 17% across all the studies; 19% in women and 16% in men. A statistically significant linear dose-response relationship was found between incremental magnesium intake and T2D risk. After adjusting for age and body mass index, the risk of T2D incidence was reduced by 8%–13% for per 100 mg/day increment in dietary magnesium intake. There was no evidence to support a nonlinear dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and T2D risk. The combined data supports a role for magnesium in reducing risk of T2D, with a statistically significant linear dose-response pattern within the reference dose range of dietary intake among Asian and US populations. The evidence from Europe and black people is limited and more prospective studies are needed for the two subgroups.

EFFECT OF THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM ON LETTUCE PRODUCTION GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT SOILLESS SYSTEMS

Soilless culture is a technique for crop production without soil. Crops are grown in the nutrient solution or on a proper medium, therefore, soilless culture involves no work such tools or machines. But it needs additional costs for growing systems and chemical fertilizers. It offers earlier growth and higher yield. The main aim of this research is to study the effect of aeration on preventing the root problems by comparing the hydroponic system with aeration to the aeroponic system. The obtained results indicated that the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium consumption rate ranged from 22.10 to 32.63, 26.30 to 34.65, 85.80 to 120.30, 14.88 to 18.37 and 11.34 to 13.64 mg plant-1 day­-1, respectively, in hydroponic system and ranged from 25.65 to 37.35, 25.51 to 38.33, 115.70 to 127.50, 17.15 to 20.83 and10.94 to 14.90 mg plant-1 day­-1, respectively, after 50 days from transplanting in aeroponic system. The root length increased from 17.17 to 19.13 cm with increasing flow rate from 1.0 to 2.0 L h-1 in hydroponic system and increased from 17.45 to 19.56 cm with increasing flow rate from 0.5 to 1.5 L h-1 in aeroponic system. The fresh and dry mass of shoot and root were increased in aeroponic system better than those of hydroponic system. The total nutrients uptake values were higher in aeroponic system than those in hydroponic system. The average nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium uptakes were 3.29, 1.25, 2.46, 0.43 and 0.44 %and 2.13, 0.82, 1.81, 0.32 and 0.40 % for aeroponic and hydroponic system, respectively. The average nitrate content was 155.52 and 113.73 mg plant-1 for aeroponic and hydroponic system, respectively.

Magnesium Therapy Prevents Senescence with the Reversal of Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease

In the current global epidemic for Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), diabetes and neuro-degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease there has been a major interest in magnesium therapy to delay the severity of NAFLD, Type 3 diabetes and neurodegeneration in the developing and developed world. The objective of magnesium therapy is to activate the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) to prevent cardiovascular disease, NAFLD and diabetes. Reduced consumption of nutrients such as fatty acids, glucose, cholesterol and increased magnesium consumption is closely linked to reduced bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and activation of Sirt1 relevant to active nuclear and mitochondria interactions with the prevention of myocardial infarction and Type 3 diabetes. Magnesium deficiency and its effects on Sirt1 regulation have become important with magnesium deficiency associated with appetite dysregulation, senescence, glucose/nitric oxide dyshomeostasis, increased ceramide and toxic amyloid beta formation. Magnesium therapy activates the peripheral sink amyloid beta clearance pathway with the reversal of cell senescence associated with various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Type 3 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.

Abstract A18: Personalized prevention of colorectal cancer trial

Abstract Background: High calcium or high magnesium consumption has been linked to reduced risks of colorectal adenoma and cancer. However, results are not consistent. In the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study (TCPS), the Calcium Polyp Prevention Study (a large-scale randomized trial), we found that high intake of supplemental calcium or total calcium was related to a reduced risk of colorectal adenoma or adenoma recurrence only among those with calcium/magnesium intake ratio below 2.8 or 2.6. This effect modification by the calcium/magnesium ratio cannot solely be attributed to the dietary intake in calcium or magnesium. Furthermore, we found in the TCPS that calcium/magnesium intake ratio significantly interacted with Thr1482Ile polymorphism (rs8042919, GàA) in the TRPM7 gene, in relation to both adenomas and hyperplastic polyps. The TRPM7 gene is involved in magnesium and calcium re(absorption) and homeostasis. Compared to those with the GG genotype, we found that people who carry A allele(s) were at 60% and 85% increased risks of adenoma and hyperplastic polyp, respectively, if they also consumed diets with calcium/magnesium intake ratio >2.8; and the corresponding risks increased by 345% and 1500% among those with the AA genotype. The risk was not increased among those who carried the A allele(s) if they consumed diets low in calcium/magnesium ratio (<2.8). Objectives: 1) Test the hypothesis whether reducing the calcium/magnesium through magnesium supplementation affects biomarkers related to colorectal carcinogenesis in rectal tissues; and 2) Test whether the effect differs by TRPM7 genotype. Methods: Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT, R01CA149633) is an ongoing double-blind, randomized trial of 12 week personalized magnesium supplementation. 288 participants with high calcium/magnesium intake ratio and at high risk of colorectal cancer are being recruited. The uniqueness of the trial includes 1) only target participants with a high calcium/magnesium ratio through nutritional screening using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls; 2) personalized doses are based on and used to reduce the current calcium/magnesium intake ratios; and finally, 3) the participants are also randomized by the TRPM7 genotype. Results: As of July 20, 2014, we have enrolled at least 170 participants. We have conducted immunohistochemical assays to measure expressions of carcinogenesis biomarkers, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, COX2 and TRPM7, in normal rectal tissues collected at baseline and the end of the intervention for 40 participants who first completed the trial. We are also assaying lipid profile and other novel biomarkers, including DNA methylation, and microbial markers. We have obtained some very promising preliminary findings. We will report updated findings in the presentation. Conclusions: The results from our study may ultimately help to develop personalized strategies to prevent colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Xiangzhu Zhu Zhu, Chang Yu, Martha J. Shrubsole, Xinqing Deng, Eugene Shubin, Jennifer M. Engle, Wei Zheng, Harvey J. Murff, Douglas L. Seidner, Reid M. Ness, Qi Dai. Personalized prevention of colorectal cancer trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr A18.

EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM D - GLUCONATE FORTIFICATION ON HEAT STABILITY OF GOAT’S MILK AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SENSORY CHARACTERISTIC AND TEXTURE PROFILE OF YOGHURTS DURING COLD STORAGE

Average consumption of magnesium in Poland does not satisfy people’s daily demand for this element; therefore it is necessary to supplement it. In the conducted experiment there was established the possibility of using magnesium D-gluconate for enriching yoghurts and goat’s milk. The highest dose of magnesium, which did not cause protein precipitation during pasteurization, was the addition of 20 mg of magnesium for 100 g of goat’s milk. Fortification with magnesium decreases pH and increases the hardness of yoghurts. Yoghurts enriched with magnesium during the whole storage period were better preferred by consumers than control yoghurts (without magnesium). Fortification with magnesium increases the intensity of milky-creamy taste and decreases the intensity of “goat” taste in goat’s milk yoghurts. The amount of the introduced magnesium does not significantly change the cohesiveness and adhesiveness of yoghurts within 21-day-storage period.

Nutritional factors in preventing osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, main risk factor for suffering fragility fractures, is an important public health problem which has undoubted social, health and economic impact; but mainly causes pain, functional limitation and severe alterations in the patient's quality of life. Its current prevalence is very high and a further increase is expected due to a higher life expectancy and the progressive ageing of the population. In the prevention of osteoporosis, the main goal is to prevent fragility fractures; for this reason, it is necessary to: 1) promote bone formation in youth, to get sufficient bone mass peak, 2) reduce bone loss in adulthood, especially after menopause, 3) maintain bone health throughout life, and 4) prevent falls. There is enough evidence that multifactorial strategies (assessment of risk factors, healthy lifestyle habits, smoking cessation, moderation in alcohol consumption, physical exercise, outdoor activity with prudent exposure to sunlight, and a varied and balanced diet), are effective in the population at risk. Regarding factors for the prevention of osteoporosis, current recommendations are: increased consumption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and fluoride; provide adequate vitamin D (even with fortified food if necessary); consumption of foods rich in omega-3 acids; reduction of salt and prepared ready meals; sufficient but moderate intake of protein and, in the absence of intolerance, promote the consumption of milk and dairy products, especially yogurt and fermented milk products.

HPLC method for urinary theobromine determination: Effect of consumption of cocoa products on theobromine urinary excretion in children

ObjectiveTo validate a simple method of urinary theobromine determination, to assess urinary theobromine levels in 80 healthy children and to relate these levels to consumption of cocoa products. Design and methodsUrine samples were diluted, directly injected into an HPLC system, separated by gradient elution on a C18 column, and detected by UV spectrometry. The method was validated for linearity, limits of detection and quantification, imprecision, accuracy, recovery and interferences. The proposed method was used to assess 12-h day and 12-h night urinary theobromine excretion by 80 healthy children, divided into four groups based on consumption of cocoa products. In addition, urinary excretion of magnesium and oxalate, also present in cocoa, was measured in these four groups. ResultsThe method was linear to a theobromine concentration of 278μmol/L (50mg/L). LOD and LOQ for urine samples, diluted 1:5 (vol/vol) with water, were 1.1 and 3.6μmol/L respectively. Within-run and between-run imprecisions (CV) were each <2%. Average recovery was 99%, and analysis of a certified reference sample showed an error <2.5%. Theobromine excretion levels were significantly higher in healthy children with higher consumption of cocoa products (p<0.001), but oxalate (p=0.098) and magnesium (p=0.068) excretion levels did not differ significantly. ConclusionThis validated method resulted in urinary theobromine determination with 100% recovery, without sample pretreatment. Urinary theobromine levels in healthy children were directly related to their consumption of cocoa products.

Deciphering groundwater quality for irrigation and domestic purposes – a case study in Suri I and II blocks, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

Assessment of the hydrochemical characteristics of water and aquifer hydraulic properties is important for groundwater planning and management in the study area. It is not only the basic need for human existence but also a vital input for all development activities. The present hydro-geochemical study of groundwater samples from the Suri I and II blocks of Birbhum district, West Bengal (23.76 ∘–23.99 ∘N; 87.42 ∘–87.64 ∘E) was carried out to assess their suitability for agricultural, domestic and drinking purposes. For this study, samples were collected from 26 locations during the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon sessions spanning over 2012 and 2013. Groundwater samples were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties using standard laboratory methods.Physical and chemical parameters of groundwater such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl, HCO3, SO4 and F were determined. Various water quality indices like SAR, SSP, PI, RSC, MAR and KR have been calculated for each water sample to identify the irrigational suitability standard. According to most of these parameters, the groundwater has been found to be well to moderately suitable for irrigation. In the post-monsoon session exceptionally high RSC values for around 80% samples indicate an alkaline hazard to the soil. The ion balance histogram for post-monsoon indicates undesirable ion balance values according to fresh water standards whereas in pre-monsoon, the samples show good ion balance in water. For determination of the drinking suitability standard of groundwater, three parameters have been considered – total hardness (TH), Piper’s trilinear diagram and water quality index study. Groundwater of the present study area has been found to be moderately-hard to hard during both sampling sessions and hence poses no health risk which could arise due to excess consumption of calcium or magnesium. Hydrogeochemical facies in the form of Piper’s trilinear diagram plot which helps in identification of the water ‘type’ which can render a particular taste or odour to water, indicates that groundwater in the study area is majorly of CaMgHCO 3 and NaHCO 3 type (fresh type) during both post-monsoon and pre-monsoon sessions barring a couple of samples which are of CaMgSO 4/CaMgClSO 4 type in pre-monsoon. Water quality index study reveals that close to 90% of the water samples are suitable for drinking during post-monsoon compared to pre-monsoon during which period only 60% of water samples fall under the suitable drinking water category.Gibbs’ diagrams, which help in identification of natural processes controlling hydrogeochemistry of groundwater indicates that for both post-monsoon and pre-monsoon sessions, the overall hydrogeochemistry of the study area is dominated by rock–water interaction processes.

P92. When there is a lack of magnesium during pregnancy

Introduction The most frequent use of magnesium in cardiology is the adjuvant treatment of arterial hypertension, supraventricular and ventricular premature beats and in the heart failure. During pregnancy is even in the physiological statement higher magnesium consumption. In the therapeutic approaches in cardiovasular diseases in pregnancy is extremely important the influence of the mother's and child's hemodynamics. Furthermore is also relevant the placental transfer of the medication. The most frequent usage of magnesium during pregnancy from cardiologist's indications is arterial hypertension of the mother. In the prenatal period the conductive heart system is very sensitive to the ione imbalance. The most frequent manifestations are fetal premature supraventricular beats Objectives The aim of the study was to analyse the efficacy of the treatment of arterial hypertension during pregnancy and premature fetal atrial contractions. Methods The retrospective analysis of the pregnant females during the period 1 year. 1 We examined 4 patients in the age 32-38 years (median 34,6). In the 22th-28th gestational week (GW) (median 27,1) the new diagnosis of the arterial hypertension was confirmed. 2. We analysed 14 pregnant patients with the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmia. Mother‘s age at the time of diagnosis was 22-38 years (median 31,5). The fetal arrhythmia was detected at the 20th-38th GW (median 26,5). Patients were examined by ECHO and prenatal ECHO. Results 1. Analysis of the arterial hypertension during pregnancy: the average blood pressure (BP) at the entrance to the study was 146.7±5.8mmHg, heart rate (HR) 96.3±5.8/min. Patients were treated with the maximum tolerated dose of magnesium with the BP reduction to 112.4±5.8mmHg ( p p =0.05). In 1 patient (twins) was the magnesium treatment insufficient. The treatment with alphametyldopa was initiated. All patients tolerated the treatment with magnesium very good. In all patients was the reduction of the blood pressure after the delivery. Without further treatment of arterial hypertension. 2. Analysis of the fetal arrhythmias: In 10 patients (71.4%) was arrhythmia detected in the 20th–30th GW, in 1 patient (7.1%) in the 31st–35th GW and in 3 patients (21.4%) in the 36th–38th GW. In all patients were very frequent premature supraventricular beats – majority were isolated, in 2 patients was bigeminy present, in 1 patient trigeminy was present. The maximum tolerated dosage of magnesium was started. In 11 patients (78.6%) was reduction of the premature beats during the period less than 4 weeks. In 3 patients (detected in 36th–38th week) was the maintenance of the arrhythmia until the end of the pregnancy. After the delivery were presented only isolated premature beats with the spontaneous termination within 1 month after delivery. Conclusion In the case of adequate magnesium substitution is the new diagnosis of arterial hypertension and premature fetal supraventricular beats reversible in both: in the mother and fetus as well. However after the magnesium substitution is the disease non sustained even after the delivery. So it is very important to substitute magnesium during pregnancy. The adequate magnesium substitution during pregnancy could lead to the reduction of the stress for the mother and baby.

Are cognitive functions in post-menopausal women related with the contents of macro- and micro-components in the diet?

The objective of the study was an evaluation of the relationship between the level of cognitive functions and contents of micro- and macro-components in the diet of postmenopausal women. A group of 402 women was recruited to the study. The inclusion criteria were: minimum two years after the last menstruation, FSH concentration 30 U/ml and no dementia signs on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A computerized battery of the Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNS VS) test was used to diagnose cognitive functions. The dietary questionnaire was evaluated based on observation of a seven-day diet. The data obtained were introduced into the database and analyzed using computer software DIETICIAN. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software STATISTICA. The results of the study concerning diet unequivocally indicate a very poor quality of diet in the group of postmenopausal women examined. The daily diet had a too high energetic value. The women consumed an excessive amount of total fat, including definitely too much monounsaturated fatty acids, and insufficient polyunsaturated fatty acids. The dietary intake of sodium and phosphorus was too high, whereas deficiencies were observed in the consumption of iron, copper, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc. No significant correlations were found in the analysis of cognitive functions according to the energetic value of daily diet and contents of macro- and micro-components. The results concerning verbal memory significantly depended on the daily intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Women who consumed polyunsaturated fatty acids below the daily normal or normal level obtained significantly higher results in verbal memory.

Dietary magnesium intake and risk of hypertension in a Mexican adult population: a cohort study

Hypertension is associated with increased risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, premature mortality, and disability. This rising prevalence of hypertension has been linked to insufficient dietary magnesium intake. However, epidemiological evidence supporting this relationship is inconsistent. To investigate whether magnesium intake affects blood pressure, we examined the association between dietary magnesium intake and the incidence of hypertension in apparently healthy Mexican adults participating in the Health Workers Cohort Study. A total of 1,378 subjects (77.4% women and 22.6% men), participating in the Health Workers Cohort Study, free of hypertension at baseline (systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg or/and diastolic blood pressure <90 mmHg), were prospectively studied. Magnesium intake was evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The longitudinal relationships between dietary magnesium intake and the incidence of hypertension were analyzed with generalized estimation equations. During a median follow-up of 7 years, 16.4% of women and 31.9% of men developed incident hypertension. After adjustment for age and sex, we found a trend of decreasing diastolic blood pressure with rising magnesium intake, by tertiles (the coefficients were −0.75 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.77, 0.27], −1.27 mmHg (95% CI: −2.73, −0.02; P for trend = 0.01). This inverse association was attenuated after further adjustment for known risk factors. In the fully adjusted model, magnesium intake was inversely associated, although not significantly, with the risk of developing hypertension; subjects in the highest tertile of magnesium intake had a decreased risk for hypertension (odds ratio 0.83, 95% CI: 0.49–1.39, P for trend = 0.48). These results do not support the hypothesis that magnesium intake reduces the development of hypertension, although a modest inverse association between magnesium consumption and lower blood pressure cannot be ruled out.

Inhibition mechanism of Listeria monocytogenes by a bioprotective bacteria Lactococcus piscium CNCM I-4031

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic Gram positive bacterium and the etiologic agent of listeriosis, a severe food-borne disease. Lactococcus piscium CNCM I-4031 has the capacity to prevent the growth of L. monocytogenes in contaminated peeled and cooked shrimp. To investigate the inhibititory mechanism, a chemically defined medium (MSMA) based on shrimp composition and reproducing the inhibition observed in shrimp was developed. In co-culture at 26 °C, L. monocytogenes was reduced by 3–4 log CFU g−1 after 24 h. We have demonstrated that the inhibition was not due to secretion of extracellular antimicrobial compounds as bacteriocins, organic acids and hydrogen peroxide. Global metabolomic fingerprints of these strains in pure culture were assessed by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Consumption of glucose, amino-acids, vitamins, nitrogen bases, iron and magnesium was measured and competition for some molecules could be hypothesized. However, after 24 h of co-culture, when inhibition of L. monocytogenes occurred, supplementation of the medium with these compounds did not restore its growth. The inhibition was observed in co-culture but not in diffusion chamber when species were separated by a filter membrane. Taken together, these data indicate that the inhibition mechanism of L. monocytogenes by L. piscium is cell-to-cell contact-dependent.

Nutrient intake of Chilean older people according to body mass index

An adequate consumption of micro and macro nutrients is essential to maintain an adequate health among older people. To compare the consumption of micro- and macronutrients in older people from three Chilean cities, according to their nutritional status. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed and a food consumption tendency survey was applied to 976 non-disabled older people, living in the community. Thinness was defined as a BMI < 23 kg/m². Twenty percent of females and 17% of males had a BMI < 23 kg/m². Participants with a higher BMI had a greater intake of micro- and macronutrients. In females, micronutrient intake was adequate among those with higher BMI, although mean intake of calcium and vitamin B-12 were below recommendations. In males, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and pantothenic acid intake were below recommendation. Thin older adults, regardless of sex, had a lower intake of calories and micro- and macronutrients. Additionally, an overall low consumption of zinc, calcium, magnesium and vitamin B12 was detected.

Relationship of Sodium and Magnesium Intakes to Hypertension Proven by 24‐Hour Urianalysis in a South Indian Population

The Healthy Eating Asians Remain Together (HEART) study was carried out to investigate the relationship between 24-hour urine nutritional biomarkers and cardiometabolic risks in India. A total of 168 participants underwent health examination to assess body mass index, blood pressure, and 24-hour urine samples. The participants were divided into normotensive and hypertensive. The average blood pressure, weight, and body mass index were significantly high in patients considered to be hypertensive, and 24-hour urine biomarkers showed significant differences in sodium and magnesium/creatinine ratios in patients aged 40 and older. High sodium intake and reduction in magnesium consumption are associated with increased blood pressure in patients from India.

Magnesium intake, bone mineral density, and fractures: results from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

Magnesium is a necessary component of bone, but its relation to osteoporotic fractures is unclear. We examined magnesium intake as a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures and altered bone mineral density (BMD). This prospective cohort study included 73,684 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Total daily magnesium intake was estimated from baseline food-frequency questionnaires plus supplements. Hip fractures were confirmed by a medical record review; other fractures were identified by self-report. A baseline BMD analysis was performed in 4778 participants. Baseline hip BMD was 3% higher (P < 0.001), and whole-body BMD was 2% higher (P < 0.001), in women who consumed >422.5 compared with <206.5 mg Mg/d. However, the incidence and RR of hip and total fractures did not differ across quintiles of magnesium. In contrast, risk of lower-arm or wrist fractures increased with higher magnesium intake [multivariate-adjusted HRs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.32) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.42) for quintiles 4 and 5, respectively, compared with quintile 1; P-trend = 0.002]. In addition, women with the highest magnesium intakes were more physically active and at increased risk of falls [HR for quintile 4: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.16); HR for quintile 5: 1.15 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.20); P-trend < 0.001]. Lower magnesium intake is associated with lower BMD of the hip and whole body, but this result does not translate into increased risk of fractures. A magnesium consumption slightly greater than the Recommended Dietary Allowance is associated with increased lower-arm and wrist fractures that are possibly related to more physical activity and falls.

Consumo Alimentar de Seleções Nacionais Campeãs Mundiais de Beach Handball

Objective: to assess the food intake of male and female athletes of the Brazilian national beach handball teams during the competitive period of the World Cup 2013. Material and Methods: We performed assessments of food consumption and anthropometric parameters in 32 male and female adult athletes of the Brazilian beach handball teams. For this, we used a 24-hour dietary recall, bioelectrical impedance method and skinfold protocol. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The men’s team presented with suitable fat percentage, suggesting a large amount of muscle mass in the body composition; the female team also had adequate fat percentage. The general dietary intake and carbohydrate intake were found to be within the recommendations in both teams, but the men's team consumed excessive protein amounts and both teams had high amounts of lipids as well as total cholesterol. Despite this, the mono and polyunsaturated fats were ingested in adequate amounts. The men’s team showed poor intake of calcium, iodine, copper, magnesium, vitamins B9 and D, and excessive vitamin B3. In the women's team, the consumption of calcium, iodine, potassium, copper, magnesium, vitamins A, D, E, B5 and B9 was deficient and intake of iron and vitamin B3 was higher than the recommended amounts. Conclusion: Subjects had inadequate food intake, indicating the need for multidisciplinary approach for monitoring athletes in order to enhance their sports performance. DESCRIPTORS Anthropometry. Food Consumption. Athletes.