Theory Of Planned Behavior Constructs Research Articles

Identifying factors associated with adolescents' Intention for childbirth.

Around the world, caesarean section rates have steadily increased over the past few decades. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on nonclinical interventions to reduce caesarean section rates emphasize educational interventions and support programs. In this study, we have determined factors associated with adolescents' intention regarding childbirth options using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The sample was comprised of 480 high school students in Greece who were invited to complete a questionnaire consisting of three sections: a section on sociodemographic data; a section featuring the Adolescents' Intentions towards Birth Options (AIBO) scale, a recently developed instrument that accesses attitudes and intentions regarding vaginal birth and caesarean section; and a section detailing participants' awareness regarding reproduction and birth. Multiple logistic regression found that participants' impressions of vaginal birth and the TPB constructs were significantly associated with intention towards caesarean section. In particular, participants with a negative impression of vaginal birth had a 2.20-fold higher probability of reporting their preference for caesarean section, compared to participants with neither a negative nor a positive impression. Furthermore, participants with higher scores on the "Attitudes towards vaginal birth," "Subjective norms," and "Perceived behavior control over vaginal birth" subscales had a significantly lower probability of reporting preference for caesarean section. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the TPB to identify factors that influence adolescents' preference for childbirth. We highlight the necessity to implement nonclinical interventions to reduce the preference for caesarean section, providing evidence for developing school-based educational programs for a timely and consistency implementation.

Predicting consumer behaviour toward digital K-pop albums: An extended model of the theory of planned behaviour

This study examines intent to purchase digital K-pop albums among K-pop fans in Indonesia. It employs the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by integrating two additional variables: (1) frequency of K-pop consumption and (2) idol worship. The data, collected from 421 Indonesian K-pop fans, were processed using the structural equation model—partial least square modelling technique. The results indicate that, with the exception of attitude toward digital K-pop albums, all TPB constructs positively and significantly affect the purchase intentions of K-pop fans. Meanwhile, the attitude toward the digital K-pop album variable has a significant negative impact on purchase intention. The two additional variables (ie frequency of K-pop consumption and idol worship) influence fans to be more open to Korean culture and music. These findings will help the K-pop industry develop a strategy to better understand fan purchase behaviour in order to increase the popularity of K-pop both at home and abroad, and hence drive sales. This study is the first to empirically employ the extended model of TPB by integrating idol worship and frequency of K-pop consumption to analyse the purchase intentions of K-pop fans.

Using the theory of planned behavior to understand student intent to use tobacco in California universities

Background: Most tobacco use, including addiction, starts between 18-26 years of age. To prevent this, the University of California (UC) and California State University (CSU) have implemented system-wide tobacco-free policies in recent years. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs: attitude, subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) with intention to use tobacco among students in tobacco-free universities in California. Additional objectives were to understand whether these primary TPB constructs were influenced by various policy enforcement levels (i.e., communication and signage), and the availability of smoking cessation programs on campus.Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted during March-May 2018, a survey was administered among students within select UC and CSU campuses. Students were recruited by cold-calling and emailing faculty to request assistance in disseminating an electronic survey to their students.Results: There was a total of 167 survey respondents (mean age=18-24 years). Results indicated that attitude (β=0.12, p<0.025), SN (β=0.18, p<0.001), and PBC (β=0.33, p<0.001) were significantly and positively associated with student intention. Results showed no significant differences between different enforcement levels and TPB constructs but did show significant positive differences in student attitude between campuses that offer smoking cessation programs and campuses that do not (t=2.55, f=6.50, p<0.001).Conclusions: Findings indicate tobacco-free policies positively influence shifts in student attitude and intention to use tobacco on California university campuses. Administrators are encouraged to tailor enforcement messages to increase compliance.

Farmers\u2019 Intended Weed Management after a Potential Glyphosate Ban in Austria

Glyphosate is controversially discussed because of its alleged harmful effects on human health and the environment. Although it is approved until December 2022 in the European Union, the Austrian government discusses a national ban. Research on farmers’ intentions to deal with upcoming pesticide policy changes is limited and planned responses to a national glyphosate ban may inform accompanying measures and the development of weed management alternatives. Therefore, we have conducted 41 qualitative semi-structured interviews with farmers to explore their intended weed management if glyphosate-based herbicides were no longer available in Austria. The interviews were systematically analyzed, whereby the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with its three social-psychological constructs served as guidance, i.e., attitude toward the planned behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control toward the planned behavior. We grouped farmers based on differences in their behavioral intentions toward glyphosate-free weed management, and identified four types of farmers by assigning group-specific attributes of the TPB constructs to the groups of farmers with similar behavioral intentions. Given a national glyphosate ban, the farmers intend to implement either mechanical or chemical alternatives, which would be solely applied or combined with changes in cultivation. Attitude toward the planned behavior, descriptive norms, and perceived behavioral control affect behavioral intentions, whereas injunctive norms do not differ much between the interviewed farmers. What unites the four types of farmers is that they would rather accept a glyphosate ban, if weed management alternatives with similar effectiveness and costs were available.

Cohabitation with a smoker and efficacy of cessation programmes: the mediating role of the theory of planned behaviour

Objective The present research sought to examine whether cohabitation with a smoker undermines smoking cessation among people engaged in a cessation programme and whether the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) act as mediating mechanisms. Design A prospective longitudinal study with online questionnaires was conducted among smokers living in Switzerland who enrolled in a 6-months smoking cessation programme. Main outcome measures Cohabitation with a smoker and the TPB constructs were assessed 10 days after the start of the programme (T1; N = 820). Smoking abstinence was measured at T1, and at 3-months (T2; N = 624) and 6-months follow-ups (T3; N = 354). Results Results showed that living with a smoker decreased the odds that smokers remained abstinent throughout the cessation programme. Furthermore, we found that cohabitation was negatively associated with subjective norm. Afterwards, subjective norm predicted intention to maintain smoking cessation, which, in turn, predicted smoking abstinence. Such mediation effects persisted at each time point. Conclusion The present research provided evidence that living with other smokers at home can lead to greater risks of relapsing among people engaged in a cessation programme. We discussed the role of smoking-related norms in the efficacy of cessation interventions. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2022.2041638 .

Understanding Cancer Screening Intention Among Physically Active Adults Ages 18-49.

Ideal efforts for cancer prevention would include lifestyle modifications along with routine, age-eligible cancer screening. Employing an asset-based approach within vulnerable populations already engaging in at least one healthy behavior (i.e., physical activity) may be an ideal way to further reduce cancer risk across peer groups with low cancer screening rates. Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the aim of this study was to identify constructs associated with cancer screening intentions among young to middle aged adults for influencing educational and behavioral interventions designed to promote cancer prevention. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was utilized to assess attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to screen for cancer among physically active adults aged 18-49years. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted to characterize the sample, and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the influence of sociodemographic variables and TPB constructs on cancer screening intentions. Age, female sex, reporting a routine doctor's visit, reported knowledge of physical activity as a lifestyle behavior to reduce cancer risk, and an increased number of motivating factors for engaging in physical activity were significantly associated with higher cancer screening intention (P < 0.001). With the addition of TPB constructs (i.e., subjective norms and perceived behavioral control), the final analytic model accounted for 31% of the variance in intention to screen for cancer. Findings suggest that the TPB could be used to tailor or design asset-based, cancer education interventions to effectively promote age-eligible cancer screenings among physically active adults. Educational content to increase social support for cancer screening and enhance perceived behavioral control to complete screening is essential in this population.

Intention to buy organic fish among Danish consumers: Application of the segmentation approach and the theory of planned behaviour

More than half of Danes buy organic food products every week; however, this has not been reflected in the retail sale of organic fish and shellfish. Therefore, this paper aims to perform consumer segmentation through the food-related lifestyle (FRL) instrument and determine the factors influencing intention to buy organic fish among Danish consumers applying the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Survey data were collected using a validated questionnaire from 237 Danish convenient consumers. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships between the TPB constructs. Consumer segmentation was based on the FRL instrument (incl. The shopping scripts, higher-order product attributes, and meal preparation scripts) as a basis for consumer segmentation. Factor analysis with hierarchical clustering yielded four consumer segments: the “Careless” (31.6% of the respondents), the “Rational” (17.3%), the “Cooks” (31.6%), and the “Eco-moderate” (19.4%). Consumers from the Careless segment had the highest percentage of respondents buying organic fish (39.1%), followed by those from the Cooks (33.1%). However, consumers from the Cooks segment purchase organic fish regularly, followed by the Careless segment (27.3% and 11.5%, respectively). The results from SEM indicated that past experience, perceived barriers such as difficulty to judge the quality, and availability of organic fish were significant predictors of the intention to buy organic fish. However, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived price were not significant predictors of the intention to buy organic fish. The intention to buy organic fish showed a strong positive correlation with the reported consumption frequency of organic fish. Hence, focusing on perceived barriers, past experience with buying organic, and promoting availability among consumers is likely to trigger a behavioural intention of buying organic fish, thereby potentially increasing the purchasing frequency of organic fish. • We performed consumer segmentation and quantify the effect of factors influencing intention to buy organic fish. • Food related lifestyle instrument and the theory of planned behaviour were utilized. • Four consumer segments were identified. • Past experience, availability and perceived barriers are the most important factors driving intention to buy organic fish.

Factors influencing intention to use on-demand shared ride-hailing services in Vietnam: risk, cost or sustainability?

Transport sustainability has become a major challenge worldwide. On-demand shared ride-hailing (OSR) is an alternative transport mode to private motorized mobility which allows passengers to share a vehicle and driver to their respective destination. OSR is more flexible than buses and cheaper than taxis. Additionally, ride-hailing services such as OSR play an important role in servicing communities with poor access to public transport (e.g., buses or trains) and people with increased vulnerabilities (e.g., women with children or people with disabilities). The present study investigates the impact of psychological factors on passengers' intention to use OSR services. To achieve this, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was used and extended with perceived risk, price sensitivity, and perceived green value. Data were collected from 520 ride-hailing passengers in Vietnam. The results confirm the relevance of the original TPB constructs, i.e., attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and social norms. Concerning the three additional constructs, only perceived risk negatively and directly influences usage intention, while the two other constructs (i.e., price sensitivity and perceived green value) influence the intention to use OSR via attitudes. The results also reveal that the impact of perceived green value on usage intention is higher among females than males. Additionally, among middle- and high-income people, there is a significant negative association between perceived risk and intention, while this association is not significant among low-income participants. The findings from the present paper provide evidence of the importance of psychosocial factors such as perceptions of risk, price sensitivity, and sustainability when considering intention to use on-demand shared transport services.

Effect of Community-Based Health Education Campaign Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Reduction of Hookah Smoking Among Women in Hormoz Island in the South of Iran

Background: Hookah smoking is considered a health problem in women and interventions should be designed to reduce it. This study aimed to explore the effect of an educational campaign based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the reduction of hookah smoking. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 177 female hookah smokers above 15 years of age residing in Hormoz Island. The data collection instrument contained two sections: demographic information and the constructs of the TPB. The questionnaire was completed twice, before the educational intervention and 3 months after the intervention. The educational campaign was conducted by making cell phone calls, putting up billboards, distributing pamphlets, holding face-to-face classes, and forming a peer group. The data were analyzed using paired-sample t-test, and McNemar’s test in SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean age of the participants and the beginning age of smoking hookahs among the participating women were 34.16 ± 10.47 and 22.20 ± 8.45 years, respectively. After the educational campaign, there was a significant increase in the scores of the TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention) and a reduction in hookah smoking among participants (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of smoking hookah per month and per week showed a statistically significant reduction among the participants after the administration of the educational campaign (P &lt;0.05). During this time, 6 participants stopped smoking hookah. Conclusion: In the light of the present findings, it can be concluded that the conducted educational campaign based on the TPB significantly reduced hookah smoking among girls and women.

An Evaluation of a Virtual Food Safety Program for Low-Income Families: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Low-income families are reported to have a limited knowledge of food safety and resources to follow food safety practices compared with the rest of the population. This paper evaluated a virtual food safety educational program targeting food handlers in low-income families. Trained native speakers of English and Spanish delivered course materials in both languages. A total of 60 individuals participated in the program, with 30 participants in each language group. Most were female, and most had fewer than three children. After the program, participants’ food safety knowledge and self-reported safe food practice behavior scores increased significantly from 5.32 to 7.43 (out of 8.00) and from 24.78 to 29.30 (out of 35.00), respectively. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to understand individuals’ behavior change intention of food safety practices. All the TPB constructs’ scores, including attitudes toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and behavior change intentions, were improved significantly; however, only the subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were significantly correlated with the behavior change intentions. This virtual educational program improved low-income individuals’ food safety knowledge and changed their food safety attitudes and behaviors, giving a path to develop and evaluate more virtual food safety educational programs in the future.

Personality, motivational, and social cognition predictors of leisure-time physical activity

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate associations between personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism, autonomous motivation, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs and leisure-time physical activity. The study examined whether autonomous motivation and the TPB constructs mediate the association between personality traits and physical activity, and whether personality traits moderate the relationship of autonomous motivation and the TPB constructs with physical activity. MethodsMiddle-aged women (N = 441) completed self-report measures of personality traits, autonomous motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC) and intention. Moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) was measured using accelerometers approximately seven weeks later. Participants’ past accelerometer-based MVPA was available from four years earlier. ResultsOnly autonomous motivation and past MVPA directly predicted MVPA. Neuroticism and past MVPA were indirectly related with MVPA through autonomous motivation. No support for a moderator role of personality traits was found. ConclusionsCurrent data suggest that autonomous motivation and past experience are prominent determinants of accelerometer-based leisure-time MVPA, but not beliefs and intentions.

Predicting intention and maintenance of breastfeeding up to 2-years after birth in primiparous and multiparous women

Objectives Breastfeeding up to 2-years has been associated with short and long-term health benefits for both newborns and mothers. However, few women breastfeed up to 2-years after birth. This study extends previous research on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) examining the predictors of intention and maintenance of breastfeeding up to 2-years in both primiparous and multiparous women. Design 155 pregnant women participated in this longitudinal study. Methods Expectant mothers completed a questionnaire and then 2-years after the child’s birth were asked to report breastfeeding behaviour. Interactions among parity and TPB constructs were examined. Results Attitudes, descriptive and injunctive norms, and perceived behavioural control (PBC) explained 58% of the variance in mothers’ intention to breastfeed. Attitudes were the strongest predictor, followed by PBC, descriptive norms and parity. A significant interaction was found between parity and PBC, showing that PBC was only a significant predictor of intention to breastfeed at 2-years in multiparous women. Intentions predicted breastfeeding behaviour at 2-years. Conclusion Promoting intentions may be a useful way to increase breastfeeding duration to 2-years and targeting attitudes and norms may be one way to increase intentions. Further, targeting PBC may also be useful to increase intentions, but only in multiparous women.

Understanding Whole Grain Consumption among Low-Income Older Adults Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Older adults have low whole grain (WG) intake. This qualitative study used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to identify low-income older adults’ WG beliefs. A convenience sample of 25 low-income adults 60 years and older were interviewed using questions developed based on TPB constructs: behavioral, normative, and control beliefs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, cross-checked for consistency, and analyzed using content analysis. Study results revealed that regarding behavioral beliefs, health benefits, taste, and nutrition were WG advantages and sensory qualities, higher cost, and longer cooking time were disadvantages. Regarding normative beliefs, healthcare professionals and family members approved WG intake and those less informed about WGs disapproved. Regarding control beliefs, availability/accessibility, knowledge of WG benefits, and WG cooking skills facilitated WG intake and age-related changes, WG cost, decreased motivation to cook, and low knowledge (label reading) were barriers. Results provide insights for developing programs to increase older adults’ WG intake.

Tendency to Breast Cancer Screening Among Rural Women in Southern Iran: A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis of Theory of Planned Behavior.

Background:Early detection of breast cancer is a crucial factor in surviving the disease. This study aimed to investigate the mammography screening based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) among rural women in Fasa and Shiraz cities, Iran.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional study performed on 800 female clients referring to rural health centers in Fasa and Shiraz cities in southern Iran in early 2021. The authors decided to send and distribute the electronic questionnaire form through the WhatsApp application in collaboration with the health staff of rural health centers for the people covered by these centers. Data gathering tools were a questionnaire on demographic characteristics, a questionnaire based on constructs of TPB, and behavior of mammography screening. Using the structural equation model (SEM), the TPB constructs and demographic variables were entered into the model. Data analysis was executed employing SPSS software version 26 and Amos version 24 (IBM Co., Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Analyzing the data was carried out using the 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), logistic regression, and structural equation analysis. During data analysis, various model indicators such as the goodness of fit, including comparative fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and chi-square index/df were evaluated. The significance level in all tests was considered 0.05.Results:The knowledge, attitude, and perceived behavioral control were the predictors of intention and behavior of mammography screening among the women. Among demographic variables, age, literacy, being menopausal, cancer in family, city, and ethnicity contribute more to the variance variation in TPB constructs. In this study, 7.2% of Persians, 8% of Qashqai Turks, and 4.5% of Arabs are contemplating going to mammography screening. In total, 6.8% (54 people) of all individuals intended to go mammography screening, and 5.4% (43 people) had a history of mammography screening. Goodness-of-fit indices (χ2 = 18.45, df = 10, n = 800, χ2/df = 1.845, RMSEA = 0.032, GFI = 0.90, non-normed fit index (NNFI) = 0.91) of conceptual model of this study indicate the suitability of the model.Conclusions:The results of the study indicated that the constructs of the TPB can predict mammography screening behaviors in rural women. It has also demonstrated that mammographic behavior can be improved in rural women using education based on the TPB model, emphasizing critical psychological factors of creating or changing behavior.

Assessing the Intention, Attitudes, and Social Influences on COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among Non-rural Black and Rural Appalachian White Populations: A Faith-Based Community Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental impacts in non-rural Black and rural Appalachian populations. Yet despite the pandemic's magnitude, there is a scarcity of research exploring potential influences of attitudes and social influences within these populations on their adherence to COVID-19 public health preventive behaviors. This study examines the intention, attitudes, and social influences to adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviors among non-rural Black and rural Appalachian congregants in Kentucky by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data was used to assess the association between the TPB constructs and four key public health behaviors: obeying a stay-at-home order, social distancing, good hygiene practices, and wearing a mask in public. Generalized estimating equation-type logistic regression models were fit for all binary outcomes. A total of 942 respondents completed the survey. Eighty-nine per cent were older than 36 years, and 73% were female. Of the respondents who were White, 97.7% lived in rural Appalachia Kentucky, and of those who were Black, 93.5% lived in non-rural Kentucky. Attitude towards the behavior was negatively associated with the stay-at-home order ( p=0.003). Both attitude toward the behavior ( p<0.001) and the subjective norm ( p=0.025) were negatively associated with mask wearing. Perceived behavioral control was positively associated with mask wearing ( p=0.023) with non-rural respondents more likely to wear a mask than rural ones ( p<0.001). None of the TPB constructs showed significant association with hygiene practices or with social distancing. This study provides further insight into the cultural and societal influences that intersect during a global pandemic. The intention to comply with public health recommendations may vary at favorable and unfavorable levels. The results lend support to the importance of designing effective, culturally tailored communication for future public health preparedness.

Determinants of physical activity in women with multiple sclerosis based on theory of planned behavior.

Background:In recent decades, the scientific evidence has demonstrated that regular physical activity (PA) provides abundant physiological and psychological benefits in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, most persons with MS are physically inactive. This study examined determinants of PA based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) among women with MS.Method:Participants (178)-completed measures included Godin Leisure-Time Exercise and TPB questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regression were analyzed using IBM SPSS.Result:Most participants were homemaker and the mean age was 34.2 years. The mean of PA was 11.6 ± 7.9 and only 10% of participants had sufficient amount of PA. The result of hierarchical linear regression indicated that attitude (β = 0.27; P < 0.05), subjective norm (β = 0.18; P < 0.05), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.44; P < 0.05) explained 58% variance in exercise intention. Intention (β = 0.20; P < 0.05) and other variables explained 18% variance in PA.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that constructs of TPB could be used in behavioral interventions by health-care providers for increasing PA among women with MS.

Understanding Physical Activity and Exercise Behavior in China University Students: An Application of Theories of the Flow and Planned Behavior.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine a extended model of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model by adding the variables of the flow theory and to investigate Chinese university students' exercise behavior and its influence factors. Methods The hypothesized model was validated through testing three competing models using a sample collected from 248 Chinese university students involving 165 males and 83 females. Results The three competitive models fitted well and predicted exercise behavior significantly. Among them, the enjoyment + TPB model is the optimal model. Conclusions Enjoyment and concentration can all predicting exercise behavior directly or indirectly. Enjoyment is stronger than concentration in predicting TPB constructs and exercise behavior, and it is a more important predictor than concentration in the field of exercise behavior research. Values. Research provides insights to better understand the exercise behavior of Chinese university students as well as useful information for designing exercise interventions and developing university students' education and training.

The effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on the intention of vaccination against human papillomavirus in female students: A controlled educational trial.

BACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and causes more than 90% of cervical cancers. The highest rate of infection occurs between the ages of 18 and 28. This study aimed to determine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the intention of vaccination against HPV in female students.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This controlled educational trial study was performed on 72 female students aged 18–26 years of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences by random assignment to intervention and control groups. For random assignment in the intervention and control groups, random blocking with four blocks was performed using a random number table with a ratio of 1:1. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire, awareness about HPV vaccination, and TPB theory constructs. The control group was received the university routine training. The intervention group was received the virtual group training in four sessions, 60–90 min at weekly intervals and with educational content including TPB constructs on HPV vaccination with the method of lecture training, group discussion, questions and answers, and presentation of training package. Questionnaires were completed before, instantly, and 1 month after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact, t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and Friedman test.RESULTS:The mean age of students was 18.9 ± 1.1 years. The intervention and control groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Before the intervention, the mean score of model constructs did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), but after the intervention, in the intervention group, mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001). In the intervention group, the difference in the mean score of HPV vaccination intention instantly (P < 0.001) and 1 month (P < 0.001) after the intervention significantly increased.CONCLUSION:TPB-based education was effective in increasing attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control and the intention to vaccinate against HPV in the female students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, it is suggested that the present educational intervention be widely used to educate female students.

Farmer behavior towards pesticide use for reduction production risk: A Theory of Planned Behavior

Agriculture plays a critical role in economic growth, food security, poverty reduction, and rural development; however, it is a volatile business because of inherent production risks. In developing countries, farmers face bad weather, pests and disease outbreaks, and input supply and input–output price changes. We investigated the intentions of 320 rice farmers in Bangladesh with the aim of influencing their actions is as to reduce production risks and the application of pesticides. Descriptive statistics, the Delphi method, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) were used to achieve the research objectives. Pesticides are a vital technology and play an important role in increasing productivity, but have harmful effects on populations’ health and the environment when used in an excessive and widespread manner. Our results showed that three TPB constructs and one psychological construct mediated the relationship between production risk reduction and behavioral intentions regarding pesticide use. The results also showed that Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Behavioral Goals (BGs), Behavioral Attitude (BA), and Subjective Norms (SN) positively influenced the farmers’ intentions to use pesticides to minimize production risk and maximize profits. Interventions aimed at farmers' behavioral change should concentrate on growing awareness and encouraging farmers to assess their control beliefs and improve their capacity to cope with social expectations and circumstances that compete with pesticide use.

Understanding the consumer’s intention to use the e-wallet services

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key factors that explain intention to use e-wallet services (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, subjective norm, positive disconfirmation and perceived behavioral control). The moderating role of perceived value in the relationship between satisfaction and their intention to continue using the e-wallet is also examined. Methodology A total of 257 e-wallet users participated in an online survey and hypotheses were tested with SPSS/PLS-SEM. Findings The constructs technology acceptance model (TAM), theory of planned behavior (TPB) and user satisfaction affect intention to use. However, perceived value does not strengthen the relationship between user satisfaction and e-wallet usage intention. Practical implications The TAM, TPB and expectancy disconfirmation model (EDM) constructs help explain the use of e-wallet services. These results will help the providers of these services to understand user behavior and to design their marketing strategies more appropriately to ensure consumer satisfaction and their intention to use e-wallet services. Originality This study adopts a holistic and integrative approach to explain the continued use of e-wallet services. The model integrates three basic adoption theories: TAM, TPB and EDM.