Theory Of Planned Behavior Constructs Research Articles

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of a Gujarati version of a theory of planned behavior questionnaire that assesses walking treatment beliefs in people with intermittent claudication

BackgroundWalking as a treatment is recommended for people with intermittent claudication (IC), but participation tends to be poor. Walking treatment beliefs, as defined by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) are associated with walking behavior, so assessing and designing interventions targeting walking treatment beliefs are crucial. To assess walking treatment beliefs in people with IC in Gujarat, a translated, culturally adapted questionnaire that assesses the four TPB constructs (attitude, subjective normative beliefs, perceived behavioral control beliefs, and intention to walk) is required. AimTo translate and cross-culturally assess the content validity and face validity of a Gujarati version of a TPB questionnaire that assesses walking treatment beliefs. Materials and methodsA forward-backward translation of the 12-item TPB questionnaire was applied using a standardized approach. The translated versions were compared with the original questionnaire, and ten experts, rated each item according to: clarity, semantic, appropriateness, and cultural relevance. Content Validity Index (CVI), item level content validity (I-CVI), Scale –content validity index (S-CVI/Ave), and universal agreement (UA) were computed to summarize the overall content validity of the questionnaire as well as a proportion of agreement with content experts. Face validity was assessed using a think-aloud approach with ten patients with IC. This cognitive interviewing approach (think-aloud approach) asked participants to describe their thoughts whilst completing the questionnaire. Responses were analyzed thematically. ResultsThere was complete agreement between experts for 9/12 items (I-CVI=1.00), leading to an overall agreement (S-CVI/Ave) of 0.98. For face validation, at least 50% of the participants had no significant problems with any question in the questionnaire. Most problems participants encountered were straightforward, such as re-reading some questions or considering the questions carefully before answering. ConclusionThe Gujarati TPB questionnaire had excellent content validity and was comprehensible and answerable by the majority of our participants with IC and, therefore, had good face validity; this will enable walking treatment beliefs to be assessed in people with IC.

Effectiveness of two educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior on oral cancer self-examination in adults: a randomized controlled trial.

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is recognized as an effective theory for behavior change. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of two TPB-based educational interventions on oral self-examination (OSE) behavior and the related TPB constructs among adults in Tehran, Iran, in 2022. This randomized controlled trial involved 400 healthy individuals recruited from 20 urban comprehensive health centers in the southern part of Tehran, Iran. The health centers were randomly assigned to two control (PowerPoint) and intervention (WhatsApp) groups (200 individuals in each group). In the control group (the recipient of the routine care), participants received a 20-minute lecture through a PowerPoint presentation and a pamphlet. In the intervention group (the recipient of an additional intervention alongside the routine care), participants were educated through messages and images on WhatsApp along with having monthly group discussions. Data was collected at baseline, as well as at 1- and 3-month follow-ups using a structured questionnaire. The outcomes assessed included OSE behavior and the related TPB constructs: intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Linear and logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression models were used to evaluate the impact of the interventions with STATA version 17. Of the total participants, 151 (37.75%) were men. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of ages in the PowerPoint and WhatsApp groups were 39.89 ± 13.72 and 39.45 ± 13.90, respectively. OSE and the related TPB constructs showed significant differences between the groups at the 1-month post-intervention assessment. The effect of PowerPoint was more significant in the short-term (one month), while both methods showed similar effectiveness after three months, specifically in relation to OSE and the TPB constructs. At the 3-month post-intervention assessment, there were significant increases in OSE (OR = 28.63), intention (β = 1.47), attitude (β = 0.66), subjective norm (β = 2.82), and perceived behavioral control (β = 1.19) in both groups (p < 0.001). The present study provides evidence of the effectiveness of both educational interventions in improving OSE and the TPB constructs after three months. Therefore, both TPB-based educational methods can be recommended for designing and implementing interventions aimed at preventing oral cancer. The trial protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) on 04/03/2022 (registration number: IRCT20220221054086N1).

Validating a theory of planned behavior questionnaire for assessing changes in professional behaviors of medical students.

Teaching professionalism is a fundamental aspect of medical undergraduate education, delivering important domains of professional attitudes, ethics, and behaviors. The effects of educational interventions can be assessed by measuring the change in such domains, but validated assessment tools for these professionalism domains are lacking. In this study, we constructed and conducted expert validation of a modified theory of planned behavior (TPB) questionnaire to assess changes in professional behaviors (PBs) in medical students. To validate that, we modified an existing TPB questionnaire, and an 18-item questionnaire was subjected to expert panel evaluation using the content validation method. The clarity and relevance of items were assessed using a four-point rating scale (i.e., 1 = not relevant to 4 = highly relevant). Ratings of experts and free-text comments were analyzed. Quantitative evaluation of relevance and clarity was undertaken through analyses of the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI). A qualitative assessment of the comments of experts was conducted to refine items, any disagreements were discussed, and a consensus decision was developed among authors for item changes. Quantitative evaluation of the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) scored 0.9-1 for relevance and 0.7-1 for clarity. Qualitative evaluation resulted in (i) changes to the wording of items (e.g., choices such as "worthless/worthwhile" were replaced with "not important/important"); and (ii) suggestion of the addition of social media in the construct of subjective norms. The proposed tool exhibits content validity and can assess TPB constructs in professionalism education. This study of content validity may help to ensure the modified TPB questionnaire accurately measures the TPB constructs, ensuring its effectiveness in accurately measuring the TPB constructs for PB in diversified educational medical institutions.

Analysis of Behavioral Factors in the Use of Traditional Medicine: Observational Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Traditional medicine has long been used by the people of Yogyakarta, Indonesia as an alternative treatment to modern medicine. Various factors influence traditional medicine use, including psychological factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This research aims to determine the factors that influence the use of traditional medicine among the people of Yogyakarta Indonesia using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This research was conducted using an analytical observational research design with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 110 respondents living in Yogyakarta who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument is a questionnaire that refers to the TPB construct which has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using logistic regression statistical tests and Pearson correlation tests. The results of the analysis show that attitudinal factors and perceived behavioral control partially contribute to the intention to use traditional medicine, while the subjective norm construct does not contribute. Attitudes and perceived behavioral control are important factors that influence the intention to use traditional medicine among Indonesian people. This suggests that interventions that focus on increasing positive attitudes and perceived behavioral control can increase the use of traditional medicine.

Intention to Adopt Cycling using the Modified Theory of Planned Behaviour

The popularity of cycling in Sri Lanka has been declining over the years, while its popularity as a form of micro-mobility is increasing in some countries. Efforts to encourage cycling should be based on a proper understanding of factors affecting the intention to cycle. This research uses modified Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to explore the extent to which four sociopsychological constructs, namely, attitude, perceived behaviour control (PBC), subjective norm (SN) and environmental perception influence the intention to cycle. Using a modified TPB-based questionnaire survey, data related to the intention to adopt cycling and four TPB constructs were collected and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis. PBC showed a strong positive effect while attitude and SN did not have a significant influence on the intention to cycle. Cycling supportive infrastructure availability in Sri Lanka is less and, hence, individuals’ perception on the environment was found to have a significant negative effect on the intention to adopt cycling. The findings of this research can inform policymakers and transport professionals in prioritizing strategies to enhance cycling in Sri Lanka in terms of improvements to cycling education, better cycling infrastructure and other programs of intervention.

Perceptions of Chinese women with a history of gestational diabetes regarding health behaviors and related factors: a directed qualitative content analysis

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy and is associated with adverse outcomes in both mothers and their children. After delivery, women who experience GDM are also at higher risk of both subsequent GDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than those who do not. Therefore, healthcare providers and public health practitioners need to develop targeted and effective interventions for GDM. In this study, we aimed to explore the perceptions regarding health behaviors and related factors during the inter-pregnancy period among Chinese women with a history of GDM through the lens of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).MethodsBetween December 2021 and September 2022, 16 pregnant Chinese women with a history of GDM were purposively recruited from a tertiary maternity hospital in Shanghai for face-to-face semi-structured interviews. They were asked questions regarding their health behaviors and related factors. The transcribed data were analyzed using a directed qualitative content analysis method based on the theory of TPB.ResultsThe health-related behaviors of the women varied substantially. We identified five domains that influenced women’s behaviors according to TPB constructs and based on the data collected: behavioral attitude (perceived benefits of healthy behaviors and the relationship between experience and attitude towards the oral glucose tolerance testing); subjective norms (influences of significant others and traditional cultural beliefs); perceived behavior control (knowledge of the disease, multiple-role conflict, the impact of COVID-19, an unfriendly external environment and difficulty adhering to healthy diets), incentive mechanisms (self-reward and external incentives); preferences of professional and institutional support (making full use of social media platform and providing continuous health management).ConclusionsThe health-related behaviors of women with a history of GDM were found to be affected by multiple factors. Healthcare professionals are recommended to provide women with sufficient information regarding the disease and to take advantage of the power of the family and other social support networks to improve women’s subjective norms and to promote the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.

The Effect of Mothers Education on Reduction the Aggression Behavior Among Computer Game User Students

Background: Nowadays, children and teenagers easily access computer games while parents are unaware of the dangers posed by excessive use of these games. The present study investigated the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on primary school boys’ aggression levels. Methods: This research was a randomized controlled trial. The sample size was determined to be 180 considering a confidence interval of 95% and test power of 90% (group 1=90, group 2=90). The sampling environment was a multi-stage cluster with four primary schools from two education districts in Shiraz City, Iran in 2013. The participants were evaluated once before the intervention and then one week and one month after the educational intervention. We used the aggression checklist (12 items) and a researcher-made questionnaire according to TPB theory, which has suitable validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19. Results: There was no difference between the two groups before the intervention. After the education program, the 4 constructs of TPB, including attitude, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intentions, and behavior, increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that the educational intervention on mothers based on TPB leads to the reduction of aggressive behavior of elementary school students.

Beyond borders: A cross‐cultural analysis of consumption and purchase behaviour of sweeteners in yoghurts

AbstractThe study explored the sociocultural influences on sugar consumption in three distinct countries: New Zealand, France, and Singapore. It employed the theory of planned behavior (TPB) alongside consumer perception and acceptance factors, such as sugar consciousness, product labeling, sugar substitution with sweeteners, and perceived flavor, to investigate participants’ behaviors regarding various yogurt types. Data was gathered through web surveys in each country, analyzed through partial least squares (PLS)–confirmatory factor analysis to create country‐specific conceptual frameworks, and then validated using PLS‐path modeling to assess the correlations between TPB and consumer perception constructs. The results indicated that perceived behavioral control positively influenced intentions to reduce sugar intake in participants from New Zealand and Singapore. Sugar consciousness exhibited a positive correlation with behavioral intentions across all three countries, suggesting heightened awareness of sugar intake motivates individuals to cut back. Notably, the presence of labels and claims showed negative correlation with perceived flavor, among the participants from New Zealand and France, suggesting that food researchers must navigate a delicate balance between labels and flavor to successfully design and market sugar‐reduced products. Further analysis, PLS‐multigroup analysis revealed significant difference in the impact of subjective norms on attitude between participants from different countries. Singaporeans placed stronger value on others’ approval for consuming less sugar‐sweetened yogurt, whereas French and New Zealand participants had a more neutral stance. This study's novelty lies in its comprehensive exploration of sociocultural factors, integration of TPB with consumer perception constructs, and tailoring of analysis to each country's cultural context, thereby enhancing our understanding of multicultural sugar consumption patterns.

Predicting Eco-labeled Product Buying Behavior in an Emerging Economy through an Extension of Theory of Planned Behavior

Purpose: This research attempts to explore the determinants of eco-labeled product buying behavior by extending the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Theoretical framework: To build a comprehensive predicting model, environmental knowledge, perceived value, environmental concern, product knowledge, self-efficacy, consumer guilt, and eco-labeling are added to the traditional TPB. Method: The proposed conceptual model was tested by conducting a questionnaire survey on consumers in an emerging economy. The partial least square-based structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results and conclusion: The results showed that product knowledge moderates the relationship between subjective norms and eco-labeled product buying intention. The results also reveal that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm mediate the association between environmental concern and eco-labeled product buying intention. In addition to TPB constructs, consumer guilt, eco-labeling, perceived value, self-efficacy, and environmental knowledge significantly affect buying intention. Originality/value: The current research addresses the research gap by empirically examining the in-depth effects, and the underlying mechanism of eco-label informed green purchase and its acceptance in Malaysian perspectives.

The Impact of Green Service Quality on Consumers’ Intentions to Revisit Green Hotels Based on Theory of Planned Behavior

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of green lodging service quality (GLSERV) on consumers’ intentions to revisit green hotels based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the Chinese context. Data were collected from 300 respondents using an online questionnaire and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The findings indicate a positive and significant impact of both GLSERV and TPB on consumers’ revisit intention as expected. Further, the results confirm the mediating role of TPB constructs such as AT, SN, and PBC. Theoretical and practical implications for hotel managers to enhance service quality and promote sustainable practices that align with consumer expectations are included in the study.

How willing are residents to accept sustainable energy from food waste generated by anaerobic digestion projects?

The increasing demand for local anaerobic waste-to-energy projects triggered by citizens' environmental consciousness has forced communities, practitioners, and academicians worldwide to prioritize this subject. This research extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model with egoistic value. This study assessed residents' willingness to accept energy from food waste via anaerobic digestion (AD) projects. This study compares the new research framework with the original TPB framework. Using 408 questionnaires from Chinese residents in Jiangsu Province, hypothetical statements were assessed using a covariance-based structural equation model (CB-SEM). Egoistic values influenced all TPB constructs. The study found that TPB constructs mediated the association between egoistic value and residents' willingness to accept energy from food waste through AD projects. The findings suggest that the actual research framework can better explain outcomes than the original TPB model. This shows that the actual framework is more effective in understanding residents’ willingness to accept energy from food waste through AD projects. Policymakers and investors should communicate the health benefits of energy from food waste via anaerobic digestion schemes to citizens. Also, the policymakers or experts should focus on egoistic values or the health benefits of the citizens before they hurry to uptake the projects.

Factors Associated with the Intention to Work with Older Adults Among First Year Social Work Students in Israel

ABSTRACT This study examined a model based on the Terror Management Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to identify factors associated with social work students` intention to work with older adults. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 375 first-year Israeli social work students was undertaken. Attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were directly associated with this intention. Contact with older adults was related to anxiety about older adults, which along with anxiety about self-aging, was related to the TPB constructs. The model explained 63% of the variance of the students` intention to work with older adults.

Factors Affecting the Participating Intention in Online Voter Contact: A Case Study of Long An Province

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing online voter contact intention in Long An province, based on merging the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) frameworks. Analysis conducted using PLS-SEM with a sample size of 201 participants reveals that perceived usefulness is the most significant predictor of participants’ attitudes. The constructs of TPB, including attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control, exhibit positive and statistically significant effects on the intention to participate in online voter contact. The findings of this study have several implications for agencies involved in promoting policies related to online voter contact.&#x0D;

Envisioning sustainable sanitation planning: a unified approach of diffusion of innovation and theory of planned behavior in predicting ecosan toilet adoption in Arba Minch City, Ethiopia

This study explores the adoption of ecological sanitation (ecosan) toilets in Arba Minch City, Ethiopia, using an integrated approach combining the diffusion of innovation (DOI) model and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The research aims to understand the complex associations between DOI variables (relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability, and observability) and TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) in predicting residents’ behavioral attitudes and intentions. Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping techniques, the study investigates direct and indirect effects, offering a comprehensive analysis of the adoption process. The objectives include examining the influence of TPB and DOI constructs on residents’ intentions, unraveling direct and indirect effects on these intentions, and investigating variations among users of different toilet types in the city. The result of the study shows that attitude and perceived behavioral control are central to shaping intentions, aligning with TPB principles. Contextual factors like compatibility, relative advantage, and trayability reveal nuanced insights, deviating from conventional patterns. The study identifies attitude as a key moderator between DOI constructs and behavioral intention, enriching our understanding of the adoption process. In conclusion, the integrated DOI and TPB model provides nuanced perspectives on factors influencing behavioral attitudes and intentions toward ecosan toilet adoption. The crucial roles of perceived behavioral control and attitude underscore the importance of tailored interventions. The study’s insights are relevant for policymakers, practitioners, and development organizations working on sustainable sanitation practices in urban areas, contributing to broader sustainable development objectives.

Perceptions of Telehealth-Based Cancer Support Groups at a Rural Community Oncology Program.

Cancer peer support groups are crucial in improving quality of life outcomes and extending cancer survival. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as guiding frameworks, this study examined perceptions of telehealth-based cancer support groups among individuals treated for cancer at a rural oncology program. We distributed online surveys to 34 survivors or individuals undergoing cancer treatment who actively participated in virtual cancer support groups, achieving a 79.4% response rate (27 participants). The survey, blending quantitative and qualitative methodologies, assessed demographic characteristics, overall telehealth satisfaction, satisfaction with telehealth-based peer support, and perceived social support. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were examined through template analysis, focusing on the HBM and TPB constructs. Participants expressed general satisfaction with telehealth and indicated a willingness to use telehealth services again. Participants cited ease of use and broader access to cancer support groups with telehealth approaches. Barriers to telehealth included the lack of interpersonal connection, internet access, and technical difficulties. The findings underscore the nuanced perceptions of telehealth-based cancer support groups in a rural oncology setting. Despite acknowledging telehealth's limitations, participants appreciated its role in facilitating access to support. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing digital health interventions, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that considers both the potential and the challenges of telehealth in cancer care. This study offers critical guidance in optimizing digital health interventions and ensuring accessible, effective support for cancer patients in rural areas.

Unveiling the link between digital entrepreneurship education and intention among university students in an emerging economy

Digital Entrepreneurship (DE) is becoming increasingly relevant due to advancements in technology and infrastructure, which offer many opportunities for entrepreneurs. This research seeks to elucidate the influence of Digital Entrepreneurship Education (DEE) on the interrelations among Attitude (ATT), Subjective Norms (SNs), Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Personal Innovativeness (PI), and Digital Entrepreneurship Intention (DEI) among university students in emerging nations. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) serves as the theoretical foundation for this study. The study adopts a quantitative research design, utilizing a survey questionnaire to garner information from a subset of business college students in Vietnam. A total of 334 valid responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), facilitating the testing of the research hypotheses. The study revealed a positive correlation between TPB constructs, PI, and DEI among university students in developing economies. However, the relationship between PBC and DEI was inversely affected by DEE. Furthermore, the study found no evidence to support the moderating effects of DEE on the relationship between ATT, SNs, PI, and DEI. This research contributes significantly to entrepreneurship studies by investigating the impact of DEE on students' inclination to embark on DE in developing countries. It extends the theoretical framework of TPB by integrating PI and underscores the importance of DEE in fostering DE. Moreover, the findings of this study hold several implications for academic administrators, policymakers, and educators. These insights can be leveraged to devise strategies and initiatives to enhance support and advancement for DEE.

The Impact of Personalized New Media Advertising on Consumer Purchase Intentions: An Empirical Study Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

This study explores the impact of personalized new media advertising on consumer purchase intentions within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Employing a survey questionnaire and comprehensive data analysis, the research quantitatively assesses the influence of personalized advertising on the TPB constructs: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. These constructs are measured in terms of their effect on consumers' intentions to make a purchase. Various items can be integrated with the TPB Theory so that the personalized characteristics displayed in advertisements can be accurately grasped. After obtaining data from a random sample of 203 samples, the data from the returned questionnaires were analyzed in this study using SPSS, and the role of statistical techniques played in the analysis of the relationship between different variables. This paper is based on the results of previous studies related to personalized advertising and user purchase intention in new media. The paper also analyzes the relationship between consumer willingness to buy products and TPB in different contexts, focusing on how personalized advertising can play a role between them, whether such constructs can affect consumer willingness to buy in specific contexts, and whether they can play an effective regulatory role. This paper can make more people understand the value of personalized advertising, and the conclusions drawn can provide advice for the development of marketing work, make digital advertising strategies more effective, and play an effective role in stimulating consumers in the digital market.

Different types of mobile phone use while driving and influencing factors on intention and behavior: Insights from an expanded theory of planned behavior.

Mobile phone use while driving (MPUWD) is a significant concern due to its negative impact on road safety. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess different types of MPUWD and identify factors influencing intention and behavior among drivers in Zahedan. A total of 392 participants provided information on demographic and driving characteristics, as well as constructs derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) augmented with moral norms. Findings revealed that a majority of drivers (86.4%) engaged in MPUWD, primarily involving calling, using applications, and texting. However, most participants did not intend to use their phones while driving in the following week. Multiple regression analysis identified age, receiving driving fines, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control as significant predictors of intention for MPUWD. Additionally, factors such as age, receiving driving fines, driving hours, car gearbox type, attitude, perceived behavior control, behavioral intention, and moral norm were significant predictors of actual MPUWD. Older participants demonstrated better behavior in various mobile phone activities while driving. Overall, the study emphasized that the main TPB constructs and moral norms have a greater influence compared to other variables in predicting MPUWD. Perceived behavioral control was the most important predictor of the intention and behavior of MPUWD. Understanding these factors can guide efforts to discourage MPUWD through targeted interventions and strategies to promote safer driving practices.

Factors affecting intention to adopt green building practices: a journey towards meeting sustainable goals

Purpose The construction industry and its activities harmfully affect the environment. Hence, adopting green building (GRB) practices can be helpful in achieving sustainable development goals. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors affecting the intention to adopt GRB practices by extending theory of planned behavior (TPB). Design/methodology/approach Using non-probability purposive sampling technique, data was gathered from consultant and contractor engineers in the construction industry through a questionnaire. The analysis was done using partial least square-structural equation modeling technique on a useful sample of 290. Findings Findings revealed that the core constructs of TPB [i.e. attitude (AT), subjective norms (SUBN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC)] significantly affect the intention to adopt GRB practices. Moreover, government support and knowledge of green practices (KNGP) were found to be critical influencing factors on AT, SUBNs and PBC. Lastly, the findings confirmed that environmental concerns (ENC) play as a moderating between SUBN and intention to adopt GRB practices, as well as AT and intention to adopt GRB practices. Practical implications This study contributes to existing knowledge on GRB, offering evidence base for policy choices regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation in the construction industry. Originality/value This study provides insights from the perspective of a developing economy and confirms the applicability of TPB in the adoption of GRB practices. Moreover, this study confirms the moderation role of ENC in between TPB constructs and intention to GRB that is not tested earlier in the context of GRB. This study also confirms that government sustainable support positively affects PBC, and KNGP significantly affects SUBNs.

Assessing the critical determinants of cross-border E-commerce adoption intention in Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises: PLS-SEM algorithm approach

Cross-border e-commerce(CBEC) has created enormous economic benefits for consumers and vendors worldwide. Vietnamese Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SMEs) can enhance their competitiveness and facilitate their integration into the global market via cross-border e-commerce adoption. This study assesses the critical determinants of cross-border e-commerce adoption intention in Vietnamese SMEs. This study integrates the factors of the technology–organisation–environment (TOE) framework and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to construct a holistic framework to assess the critical determinants of cross-border e-commerce adoption intentions among SMEs in Vietnam. The research method utilised Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS (version 4.0) to evaluate the relationship between variables. The sample size consists of 400 respondents from Vietnamese SMEs. The results indicate that perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and attitudes toward CBEC adoption are the critical determinants of cross-border e-commerce adoption intention among Vietnamese SMEs. For the technological dimensions of the TOE framework, perceived benefits, perceived compatibility and perceived security positively relate to attitude toward CBEC adoption; perceived complexity and perceived cost negatively relate to attitude toward CBEC adoption and perceived behavioural control. For the organisational dimensions of the TOE framework, government support, customer pressure, and competitive pressure positively relate to subjective norms. For the environmental dimensions of the TOE framework, organisational readiness, organisational innovativeness, and e-commerce knowledge positively relate to perceived behavioural control. By integrating the constructs of TPB and TOE into a single framework, this study adds to current knowledge by addressing the literature gap on the significant role of organisational and environmental factors in the adoption of SMEs' CBEC in developing countries like Vietnam. The managerial implications provided a holistic view of SMEs' perspectives and practices on promoting the CBEC adoption intention.