Construction Process Research Articles

Research on the construction and mapping model of knowledge organization system driven by standards

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and enterprise digital transformation, the standardization organization, storage and management of semantic knowledge in computers have become the current research focus. As the core theory of knowledge system construction, knowledge organization (KO) provides theoretical support for the study of semantic knowledge organization and representation, among which knowledge organization system (KOS) is the important tool of semantic organization. At present, many scholars have carried out research from different perspectives of KOS based on theory, which provides the direction for the sustainable development of KOS. However, most of these studies focus on some aspects of KOS, which are in a "scattered" state, lacking systematic analysis of the basic principles of KOS construction and semantic organization based on theories and international standards. Therefore, this paper firstly constructs KOS theoretical models in the conceptual world and computer world respectively through a comprehensive study of multi-disciplinary basic theories such as semantics, logic, system theory, and international standards such as ISO 1087:2019, ISO 25964:2013, and ISO 11179:2023, and traces the iterative construction, organization and mapping process from "concept" in the conceptual world to "metadata" knowledge and semantics in the computer world. The semantic organization based on metadata is realized in computer. Secondly, on this basis, in order to realize ontology representation of domain knowledge, the ontology construction method based on MDR metadata is proposed. Finally, taking the semantic organization and ontology construction of Epicentre model in petroleum field as an example, the feasibility of the ideas and methods proposed in this paper is verified. The model and method proposed in this paper is independent of the specific type of KOS, so it is innovative and universal. The methodology is also applicable to other fields of conceptual system modeling, metadata standard construction, and data model modeling.

Constructing Using Plastic Waste Bricks: A Theory of Waste to Wealth and its Comparative Cost Analysis

Waste in passing, evokes the feeling of negativity, degradation, and unwantedness. It is any substance that is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective, and of no use and these includes plastic waste which causes the planet harm and also affecting daily health, productivity. Plastic waste, or plastic pollution, is slow in degrading (taking over 400 years), Therefore, this project aimed at replacing cement with plastic waste in paver blocks to reduce production costs for blocks (as a component of building production) and ensure a cleaner environment. Using the services of scavengers to get waste plastics, Plastics LDPE used were sorted out very carefully and mixed with stone dust aggregate and poured into moles of specific sizes. A design of a sanitary facility was made and the total number of blocks required was estimated for both Paver and Cement. Based on the findings, the study concludes that, Cost efficiency in construction is very possible if we can adopt economically cheaper and locally available building materials like plastic waste materials, that the cost of construction of the same sanitary facility for both male and female, when compared, cost more using plastic waste as against using cement for this study among others. The study recommends that, Mass Collection and Production of Plastic Waste Materials, Public Awareness/ Orientation Programs on the Suitability of Plastic Waste Materials Parver Blocks for Construction, Establishment of Incentive Measures for the Use of Paver Blocks for Construction and Plastic Wastes sorting at Collection Points Incentives in other to join a constructive process of climate effect mitigation.

Creating Real Situations, Developing Thinking Tools Design and Implementation of the Interdisciplinary Project Autumn Museum for Lower Grades of Primary School

Childrens expressive abilities need to be gradually built. In the lower grades of primary school, real situational tasks should be used as the teaching environment, students task inquiry activities as the main line of learning, and language interaction between teachers and students as the teaching technique. The ultimate goal is to enhance individual language experience centered on students pragmatic abilities. By using situational tasks as the main line, continuously providing students with tools for expression, and achieving the learning objective of childrens creative expression through a structured language construction process. This paper develops and designs an expressive literacy course based on the first semester Chinese textbook for first graders.

Immunoinformatics approach for design novel multi-epitope prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on capsid proteins L1 and L2 and oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 against cervical cancer.

This study aimed to identify the optimal protein construction for designing a multi-epitope vaccine with both prophylactic and therapeutic effects against cervical cancer, utilizing an immunoinformatics approach. The construction process involved using capsid epitopes L1 and L2, as well as oncoproteins E5, E6, and E7 from human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. An experimental in silico analysis with an immunoinformatics approach was used to develop 2 multi-epitope vaccine constructs (A and B). Further analysis was then conducted to compare the constructs and select the one with the highest potential against cervical cancer. This study produced 2 antigenic, non-allergenic, and nontoxic multi-epitope vaccine constructs (A and B), which exhibited the ideal physicochemical properties for a vaccine. Further analysis revealed that construct B effectively induced both cellular and humoral immune responses. The multi-epitope vaccine construct B for HPV 16 and 18, designed for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, met the development criteria for a cervical cancer vaccine. However, these findings need to be validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Construction and intergenerational transmission of the perception of volcanic risk in Mexico

Many populations live around active volcanoes with the uncertainty of a possible big eruption, as is the case of the populations near Popocatépetl in Mexico, which began a period of activity in 1994. The risk perception of these populations is complex to manage, due to factors such as territorial rootedness, social identity, cultural factors, as well as diverse positions among generations. A qualitative research was conducted in the municipality of Tetela del Volcán in Mexico, located in a high volcanic risk zone. The main objective of this work was to analyze the social construction of the perception of volcanic risk considering the exchange of knowledge between different generations. An ethnographic and participatory study was carried out from symbolic interactionism, using elements of grounded theory and deductive elements for the analysis of information. The participants were adolescents, adults, and seniors from different social sectors. The results allowed the construction of a theoretical mapping of the processes of intergenerational construction of volcanic risk perception. It was found that different generations coexist, including adults born during the current period of volcanic activity. Also, risk perception is constructed from the integration of three dimensions: 1) culture and environment, 2) socio-cognition and emotions, and 3) responses to volcanic risk. From these findings it is possible to understand the continuities and social transitions of different generations coexisting with the Popocatépetl risk and uncertainty. This work can help decision makers improve public policies, risk management practices, and risk communication strategies and disaster risk reduction.

Research on the evaluation method of whole process engineering consulting service modes based on uncertain multiple-attribute group decision-making

With the continuous development of the economy and society, the engineering construction industry has experienced rapid growth, and higher requirements have been put forward for engineering consulting services. Currently, most engineering consulting service enterprises in China only provide relevant consulting services for engineering construction at a certain stage, lacking overall planning and overall control over the entire lifecycle of engineering construction. In order to improve the scientific level of fixed assets investment decision-making and construction management, it is of great value to explore professional engineering consulting services covering the whole process of project construction in the project decision-making stage and implementation stage to achieve the optimization of project quality and economic benefits. The whole process engineering consulting service modes (ECSM) evaluation is a multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). Recently, the TODIM technique and MACONT technique was created to put forward MAGDM. The interval neutrosophic sets (INSs) are created as a tool for managing fuzzy information during the whole process ECSM evaluation. In this work, the interval neutrosophic number TODIM-MACONT (INN-TODIM-MACONT) technique is created to put forward the MAGDM under INSs. Finally, a numerical analysis for whole process ECSM evaluation is given to validate the proposed technique. The main contributions are outlined: (1) the TODIM and MACONT technique was enhanced under INSs; (2) Information Entropy is created to conduct the weight information under INSs. (3) the INN-TODIM-MACONT technique is created to implement the MAGDM under INSs; (4) a numerical example for whole process ECSM evaluation and some comparative analysis is created to verify the INN-TODIM-MACONT technique.

Enhancing Clay-Based 3D-Printed Mortars with Polymeric Mesh Reinforcement Techniques.

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, including 3D mortar printing (3DMP), 3D concrete printing (3DCP), and Liquid Deposition Modeling (LDM), offer significant advantages in construction. They reduce project time, costs, and resource requirements while enabling free design possibilities and automating construction processes, thereby reducing workplace accidents. However, AM faces challenges in achieving superior mechanical performance compared to traditional methods due to poor interlayer bonding and material anisotropies. This study aims to enhance structural properties in AM constructions by embedding 3D-printed polymeric meshes in clay-based mortars. Clay-based materials are chosen for their environmental benefits. The study uses meshes with optimal geometry from the literature, printed with three widely used polymeric materials in 3D printing applications (PLA, ABS, and PETG). To reinforce the mechanical properties of the printed specimens, the meshes were strategically placed in the interlayer direction during the 3D printing process. The results show that the 3D-printed specimens with meshes have improved flexural strength, validating the successful integration of these reinforcements.

“They settle down on us / they dwell within”: A. M. Pires Cabral’s Attunement with Birds

Recent studies prove that imagination is a constructive process that transports the reader from one place to another, from one time to another, offering the possibility to inhabit another consciousness. To interpret, which in itself is an act of attention, opens a door to otherness, to kinship and empathy, asking from us affective responses towards human and nonhuman others. Drawing upon an ecocritical perspective, this paper considers how the depiction of birds in A. M. Pires Cabral’s poetry illustrates the way human dialogue with the nonhuman is a powerful tool in contemporary rediscovery of nature. The paper argues that by thinking with birds, the poet transforms not only his own self, but also the way readers envision the nonhuman other. Although Cabral’s passion for birds is not unique but part of a tradition that goes back to medieval bestiaries, I argue that at a time of biodiversity rarefaction his poetic depiction of birds is an expression of the human affection attuned to the more-than-human world; mostly, however, this paper invites discussion on the poet’s multilayered affection for birds as a result of his recognition that thinking with birds prompts, ultimately, deeper thinking about human beings.

Optimisation goals for efficient construction from reused materials towards a circular built environment

Building materials that are reused in a circular economy context are often non-standard because previous usage has altered their original properties. Material matching algorithms aid design and construction by matching components in stock with those needed in a design. The efficiency of these matches is assessed based on factors such as waste, logistics, and structural applicability. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy and practicality for design evolution of construction-relevant optimisation goals. We evaluate goals based on their construction-time and design time results, using a software pipeline optimising both the mapping and design. One design was also constructed based on the optimised matching, to assess additional considerations when working component-specific designs. Based on difficulties and inefficiencies observed during fabrication, we propose two alternate matching strategies and compare their effects on the chosen factors. The study reveals that component allocation systems frequently overlook the need for both contingency planning and redundancy in the construction process. Additionally, inaccuracies in inventory tracking can significantly compromise the feasibility of the planned design. The stability of these design assistive techniques strongly affects their ability to be applied in large-volume projects. This implies the need for a new set of objective factors to be incorporated into existing methods of design optimisation.

Developing a Tool for Assessing Perceived Parental Socialization of Emotions in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Parenting practices have been described as the practices employed by a parent and the parent-child communication, with the focus on raising a child in the best possible manner while instilling cultural,ethical, and personal values. One similar yet different construct that holds significance in the development of a child is parental socialization of emotion. Parental socialization of emotion is the interaction between the parents and child regarding the emotional experience of the child. This has been considered an essential marker of the development of the emotional and social competence of an individual. There are several scales in the aspect of parenting practices. However, scales for parental socialization of emotionespecially considering the perception of adolescents and young adults have yet to fully be explored. The aim of the study is to establish a comprehensive tool that enables the measurement of perceived parental socialization of emotion (PPSE). The process of tool construction, data collection, and analysis was done in five phases that included reviewing existing tools and identification of domains (Phase 1); generation of an item pool (Phase 2); content validity, face validity, and inter-rater reliability (Phase 3); finalization of the tool for data collection (Phase 4); and data collection and analysis (Phase 5). The study for tool construction included participants from ages 13-28 years representing adolescents and young adults from schools and colleges located in New Delhi, India, as well as Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The research designused was a cross-sectional design, and the data were collected through purposive sampling, including males (N = 337) and females (N = 424). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to check the factorability and for item reduction. The results aided in reducing the number of items from 160 to 46 including the process of content validity, inter-rater reliability, item-total statistic, and factor loading of EFA. The factors above the eigenvalue of 3 were retained whileitems above the factor loading of 0.50 were taken into consideration. A good Cronbach's alpha coefficientof 0.88 for the overall tool was established, with 0.89, 0.84, and 0.87 for the domains Awareness, Acceptance, and Coaching, respectively. The scale constructed includes both the positive and negative emotions of an individual and tries to understand the perspective of the receiver of the parenting practice. The study helps in understanding the phenomenon of PPSE, which might also aid in creating awareness regarding efficient parenting practices.

Supply chain management and operational efficiency in affordable housing: An integrated review

Effective supply chain management (SCM) and operational efficiency are critical to the successful delivery of affordable housing projects. This integrated review explores how SCM and operational practices impact the development and sustainability of affordable housing, highlighting strategies that enhance project efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Supply chain management in affordable housing involves coordinating the flow of materials, information, and services from suppliers to construction sites. Efficient SCM ensures that resources are delivered on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards, which is crucial for maintaining project schedules and controlling costs. Key components of SCM in this sector include procurement, logistics, inventory management, and supplier relationship management. Effective SCM practices help mitigate risks related to delays, cost overruns, and quality issues. Operational efficiency in affordable housing focuses on optimizing construction processes, minimizing waste, and enhancing productivity. This involves adopting best practices in construction management, such as lean construction techniques, modular and prefabricated building methods, and advanced project management tools. Operational efficiency also extends to the management of workforce resources, ensuring that labor is effectively utilized and that productivity is maximized. The review integrates insights from various case studies and industry reports to illustrate how SCM and operational efficiency practices can be applied in affordable housing projects. For instance, the adoption of just-in-time inventory systems and the use of technology for real-time tracking and coordination have proven effective in reducing costs and improving delivery times. Additionally, lean construction methods have demonstrated their potential in enhancing project efficiency and reducing waste. However, challenges remain, including supply chain disruptions, fluctuating material costs, and coordination issues among stakeholders. Addressing these challenges requires a collaborative approach, involving stakeholders such as developers, contractors, suppliers, and policymakers. In conclusion, effective supply chain management and operational efficiency are essential for the successful development of affordable housing. By adopting best practices and leveraging technology, stakeholders can improve project outcomes, reduce costs, and enhance the overall efficiency of affordable housing projects. This integrated review underscores the importance of SCM and operational practices in achieving sustainable and cost-effective housing solutions.

Exploration and Practice of Talent Cultivation Model for Virtual Reality Technology Application Based on the Integration of Learning and Training

With the rapid development and widespread application of virtual reality technology, vocational colleges are facing new challenges and opportunities in cultivating virtual reality talents with professional skills and innovative abilities that can adapt well to market demands. This article aims to explore and practice a virtual reality technology application talent training model based on integrating learning and training with the educational characteristics of the Guangdong University of Posts and Telecommunications. This model integrates the teaching resources of the college, practical opportunities for enterprise and industry training needs to build a practical-oriented curriculum system [1], integrating theoretical learning, skill training, and innovative practice to form an integrated educational environment. The study first analyzes the current situation of talent demand in the virtual reality industry and the current situation of higher vocational education. Then, it elaborates on the necessity and feasibility of integrating learning and training. Next, it provides a detailed introduction to the construction process and implementation strategies of the talent training model of integrating learning and training. Finally, the practical effects are evaluated and summarized, and a conclusion is drawn and prospects for the future are presented. The practical results show that the integration of learning and training effectively shortens the distance between teaching and market demand, significantly enhances students’ professional skills and employment competitiveness, and provides new ideas and paths for the cultivation of virtual reality professionals in vocational colleges [2]. The research results of this article have certain theoretical and practical significance for promoting the reform and development of virtual reality technology education and cultivating high-quality technical and skilled talents that meet the needs of the industry.

CPSGD: A Novel Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in Side-Channel Analysis

In recent years, side-channel analysis based on deep learning has garnered significant attention from researchers. A pivotal reason for this lies in the fact that deep learning-based side-channel analysis requires minimal preprocessing of side-channel data. The automatic feature extraction property of deep learning methods drastically reduces the workload for researchers, enabling them to focus more on the core issues of side-channel analysis, namely, extracting sensitive information by attacking devices. However, in prior studies, most scholars have concentrated more on the model construction process, with little research focusing on the choice of optimizers.This paper explores a novel deep learning-based optimization algorithm—CPSGD (combined projection stochastic gradient descent). The algorithm comprises two variants, designed, respectively, for unprotected side-channel analysis (CPSGD1) and desynchronized side-channel analysis (CPSGD2), and their convergence has been theoretically proven. Experimental results demonstrate that, while maintaining the neural network structure unchanged, CPSGD1 exhibits the best performance on unprotected datasets compared to other publicly available optimizers, whereas CPSGD2 performs optimally on desynchronized datasets.

Chloride Resistance of Assembled Bridge Piers Reinforced with Epoxy-Coated Steel Bars

To reveal the influence of joint type and epoxy-coated steel bar surface damage on the durability of assembled bridge piers, this study simulated the potential damage to epoxy-coated steel bars at various stages of an actual construction process by bending, scratching, and knocking. The pier inter-segmental joint and the pier-bearing platform joint were designed to highlight the critical zones affecting the durability of sea-crossing bridge substructures. The migration of chloride ions into the concrete was accelerated by applying a constant voltage DC electric field. The electrochemical indexes of epoxy-coated steel bars and chloride ion content in concrete were measured regularly. Results show that the corrosion risk and corrosion rate of steel bars increase significantly when the damaged area ratio of epoxy coating is higher than 5%. The chloride ion transport rate at the interface of the pier-bearing platform joint is about 5 times that of the pier inter-segmental joint. The service life of the pier-bearing platform joint is only 1/2 that of the pier inter-segmental joint when epoxy-coated steel bars with the same treatment are used.

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Distributed Ledger Technology in Developing Countries: An Examination of Nigerian Construction Industry

ABSTRACT The construction industry is known for its intricate and fragmented nature, often plagued by inefficient processes and data management challenges. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) presents a promising solution, potentially revolutionizing data sharing, transparency, and security. However, the successful adoption of DLT necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its implications, effective organizational changes, and strategic implementation strategies. This study examines the critical factors in adopting DLT into construction processes and workflows. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders in the Nigerian construction industry. The findings emphasize the importance of educating staff about DLT’s benefits, strategic planning aligned with business goals, collaboration with DLT experts, universities, and industry partners, careful planning and robust security measures, and organizational changes such as dedicated DLT teams and engaging suppliers. Recommendations include prioritizing continuous improvement, investing in training programs, and exploring integration with emerging technologies. The study provides empirical insights into DLT adoption challenges and strategies, synthesizing these findings with existing literature, and offers a roadmap for construction firms, policymakers, and researchers seeking to leverage DLT for enhanced efficiency and innovation in the construction industry.

Construction of Virtual Simulation Experiment Platform for Intelligent Construction Based on Statistical Machine Learning System Modelling

In the construction of a virtual simulation experiment platform for intelligent construction, cutting-edge technologies converge to revolutionize traditional project management methodologies. By harnessing the power of virtual reality, statistical modeling, and machine learning, this platform empowers stakeholders to predict, optimize, and simulate construction projects with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency. This paper introduces the Virtual Statistical Machine Learning (VS-ML) platform and demonstrates its application in intelligent construction processes. Through comprehensive experimentation and simulation, the VS-ML platform accurately estimates construction project parameters, optimizes resource utilization, schedules tasks efficiently, and classifies project outcomes with high accuracy. Numerical results from our study showcase the platform's effectiveness in various aspects of construction project management. For instance, in construction projects estimation, scenarios ranging from Scenario 1 to Scenario 10 exhibit project durations between 100 to 150 days, cost estimates ranging from $470,000 to $550,000, and safety ratings varying from "Good" to "Excellent". Furthermore, labor efficiency and material waste estimations across scenarios demonstrate percentages ranging from 85% to 93% and 3% to 7%, respectively, with corresponding safety ratings. Additionally, task computations elucidate the durations, start dates, end dates, and resource allocations for individual tasks within construction projects. Lastly, classification results exhibit the predicted probabilities and class labels for samples, showcasing the platform's ability to accurately predict project outcomes. Overall, the findings underscore the potential of VS-ML in revolutionizing traditional construction practices through data-driven approaches, leading to improved project management, cost savings, and enhanced safety standards in the construction industry.

Experimental study of the tension forming model of a long-span string-supported spoke-type truss structure

This paper investigates the structural response of the long-span string-supported spoke-type (LSSS) truss structure during the tension forming process, as well as the influences of the errors caused by initial defects of the structure. A 1:10 scaled test model was designed and fabricated with reference to the main hall structure of the Northwest University gymnasium. The mesh simplification and scaling-down of the design of the prototype were performed to obtain a test model with good similarity to the prototype. Subsequently, after the comparative analysis of different tensioning batches, numbers of tensioning stages, and tensioning sequences, a radial-cable-forming scheme of three-stage, five-batch, clockwise tensioning for each ring cables was determined to be superior for this type of system. The cable force, node vertical displacement, and rod stress were monitored during the test. SAP2000 finite element software was employed to establish a numerical model, which was then verified by the test results. The test results were found to be in good agreement with the simulation results. The outer-ring cables withstood a larger share of the load, which could provide more stiffness support for the structure. During the tensioning process, the tensioning of the inner-ring cables would further increase the vertical displacement of the outer-ring roof nodes, which increased the compressive stress of the upper-chord-rods near the outer-ring. After the tensioning was completed, the lower-chord-rods in the mid-span and at the ends of the truss were in tension. Comparative analyses of the variations of the position and geometry, as well as the cable force, in each ring of cables during the construction process demonstrated that initial defects in the installation of the upper roof will lead to the uneven distribution of the radial cable forces, and that the errors will gradually accumulate with the advancement of the tensioning stage. However, after the structure was formed, the verticality deviation of most struts was close to or less than 1/150, and the error between the measured value and the simulated value of the rod stress was basically kept below 10 %, which proved the rationality of the tension scheme adopted in the test.

Seismic performance assessment of a base-isolated hospital building subjected to February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquakes (Mw 7.7 Pazarcık and Mw 7.6 Elbistan) and seismic fragility analysis considering different construction stages

The construction period of large structures such as hospitals can be prolonged due to complex construction processes. The behavior of frictional pendulum systems (FPSs) is strongly influenced by the seismic weight of the superstructure and the corresponding coefficient of friction. Therefore, the effects of the isolator behavior, which varies throughout the construction stages (CSs), on structural responses should be evaluated. Existing literature lacks adequate investigation into the behavior of isolated structures subjected to earthquakes during CSs. To address this gap, this paper investigates the structural performance of a base-isolated hospital building equipped with FPSs that experienced residual displacements during the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquakes (Mw 7.7 Pazarcık and Mw 7.6 Elbistan). At the time of the earthquakes, the building was still under construction (65–70 % complete). In addition to the hospital building under consideration, there were three more hospital buildings equipped with FPSs under construction during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye earthquakes in Türkiye. The seismic behavior and residual displacements of the structure during this CS were evaluated and numeric results were validated with real data measured in the field. Moreover, fragility analyses were performed for different CSs of the hospital building to reveal the probabilities of damage for base-isolated buildings exposed to earthquakes at various CSs. For fragility assessment, damage states (slight, moderate, extensive, collapse) were defined and four damage measures were chosen. Thus, the extent to which construction stages affected which types of damage was determined. A total of 1296 nonlinear time-history analysis were conducted to obtain fragility curves for all CSs and damage measures considering lower bound, nominal, and upper bound values of isolators. Selected isolated hospital building showed vulnerability in maximum top floor acceleration (MTFA) and maximum isolator displacement (MID) damage measures, but resilience in maximum roof drift ratio (MRDR) and maximum inter-story drift ratio (MIDR) damage measures. For the design basis earthquake (DBE) level, the probability of reaching the extensive damage state was 5.25 % for the MID, 11.39 % for MTFA, and 0 % for MIDR and MRDR. Similarly, for the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) level, these values were determined as 34.09 % for MID, 43.42 % for MTFA, and 0 % for MIDR and MRDR. The analysis revealed that while the probability of damage to the base isolation system was not related to CSs, residual displacements increased as construction progressed. Collapse thresholds for MIDR and MRDR demand exceptionally severe seismic events. As construction progresses, probabilities of exceeding damage states increase for MIDR and MRDR, indicating heightened vulnerability.

Kajian Pantangan Konsumsi Sayuran Hijau, Pola Makan dan Status Gizi Masyarakat Adat di Desa Detuara Kabupaten Ende

Food taboos in Indonesia are still a problem because there are still many foods that should be consumed but are still taboo. As a result, pregnant women, nursing mothers, infants and children dare not consume certain foods, reducing their food intake, which can reduce their nutritional status. The indigenous people in Detuara Village have a taboo of not consuming green vegetables during a traditional ritual called Pire Kema One in the process of building a house. This study aims to examine the practice of abstinence from green vegetable consumption, diet, and nutritional status of indigenous people in Detuara Village. This type of research is qualitative research using phenomenological methods with in-depth interviews and SQ-FFQ to assess food consumption habits with data obtained in the form of adequate levels of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates. The informants consisted of four main informants and four key informants. The informants were selected using purposeful sampling. The results showed that all informants complied with the abstinence from consuming green vegetables until the house construction process was completed. Four informants (100%) had a poor diet during the abstinence from green vegetable consumption, while only one informant (25%) had a good diet during the normal diet. There were two informants (50%) who had normal nutritional status. There was one informant (25%) with overweigth nutritional status and one informant (25%) with obese nutritional status. Conclusion Food taboos still apply in Detuara Village until now and there will be bad risks if you violate these taboos.

Excavation Method Comparison and Optimization for a Super Large Cross-Section Tunnel

Characterized by long spans, low aspect ratios, and intricate construction sequences, super-large cross-section tunnels present substantial construction risks. Therefore, the selection of the optimal excavation method and construction sequence is crucial for ensuring the safety of tunnel construction and minimizing project costs. This paper takes a super large transverse-section highway tunnel as a case study, employing field monitoring data combined with ABAQUS software to analyze the stress and deformation of surrounding rock and support structures under different excavation methods. The findings reveal that the deformation of surrounding rock and support structures excavated by the Double-Side Drift Method is smaller than those caused by the three-benching seven-step method and the CRD excavation method. Nevertheless, the significant stresses of surrounding rock and support structures are released by the Double-Side Drift Method, leading to potential stress concentrations. Thus, it is necessary to ensure the rapid completion of early support and quick sealing of the tunnel. Furthermore, the sixth process achieves smaller deformation (including arch displacement and surface settlement) of the tunnel, a shorter construction period, and lower economic costs when compared to other construction processes. Consequently, it can obviously be concluded that both the Double-Side Drift Method and the sixth construction process stand out as the most appropriate choices for excavating super large cross-section tunnels. The insights obtained from this study provide theoretical guidance for the design and construction of similar tunnel projects.