Construction Of Tanks Research Articles

Impact of Rainfall and Soil Infiltration on Groundwater Dynamics of Yerekoppi-1 Micro-watershed, Haveri District, Karnataka, India

The amount of water infiltrating the soil surface directly affects the quantity of surface runoff and erosion, and the recharge of both soil and groundwater. Groundwater recharge is an informative indicator of the water located beneath the ground surface. It has a direct impact on renewable supplies of groundwater. In the present study on Impact of rainfall and soil infiltration rate was used for effect on the groundwater level of the Yerekoppi-1 micro watershed (Manakur sub-watershed) in Haveri district of Karnataka state. Average annual rainfall is 700.7 mm and mean potential evapotranspiration is 1541.8 mm. An area of about 888 ha (94.32 %) has clay texture at the surface and 53 ha (5.68%) area has contributing settlement. In Yerekoppi-1 micro- watershed, 38 borewells are there in the vicinity of major stream of the micro- watershed. The mean depth of groundwater levels in the micro- watershed were monitored at a monthly frequency during January-2023 to March-2024. It was found that the maximum average depth of bore wells are about 17.6 mbgl and lowest average depth of borewell about 8.8 mbgl. Soil infiltration rate was measured at upper, middle and lower reaches of the watershed area in the year 2023 and 2024. The majority of the area contributed clay soil. In all the areas of micro-watershed, infiltration rate for clay soil is less than 5 mm/hr. Infiltration rates for all the areas was 1.72- 4.78 mm/hr. Soil infiltration during a rainstorm is closely related to a number of factors such as the intensity and kinetic energy of the rainfall, soil surface conditions and soil properties such as those related to aggregate stability. The groundwater recharge may be improved by growing plantation crop for increasing infiltration rate, construction of percolation tanks and farm ponds in the lower most of the agricultural land.

Analysis of roof stability in ultra-large LNG storage tanks based on field measurements

ABSTRACT To ensure an accurate assessment of the stability of the steel roof during construction of ultra-large LNG storage tanks, real-time monitoring throughout the entire concrete roof pouring process of the world's largest 270,000 cubic meter LNG storage tank was implemented. A computational model for the stability of the steel roof during construction course was established, and the influence of time interval between pours, the holding pressure, and the volume of concrete poured on the stability of the steel roof were studied. The results show that the stability of the steel roof can be enhanced significantly by increasing the time interval between pours within the first eight days after each pouring. Increasing the holding pressure can improve the stability of the steel roof, with more significant effects observed when the time interval between pours is shorter. The volume of concrete poured plays a critical role in structural stability.

АНАЛИЗ ТИПОВ И РАЗЛИЧНЫХ КОНСТРУКТИВНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ РЕЗЕРВУАРОВ (РЧВ), ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ В СИСТЕМАХ ПОДАЧИ И РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДЫ

The paper presents a list and analysis of the design of clean drinking water tanks, which have become widespread in the systems of household drinking, industrial, fire-fighting water supply. Subject of research: Reservoirs of clean drinking water, erected in various ways and made of various materials. Materials and methods: The work summarizes reference data, data from sites of modern equipment that implement tanks of various design designs, presents material on the stage Materials and methods: The paper summarizes reference data, data from sites of modern equipment that implement tanks of various design designs, presents material on the stages of construction of tanks for various purposes Results: A table of summary data covering the ranges of capacities of clean drinking water tanks has been compiled, with the definition of the required area for each of them. The data presented in the work as a result of generalization, allows at the stage of preliminary calculations to determine the necessary parameters for the placement of clean water reservoirs: (the area of the cutting of the vegetation layer, the depth of the excavation, the volume of excavation, etc.). Conclusions: The research results allow us to obtain a summary table of RFV data that allows us to determine the type and structural elements of storage equipment, the presented material is useful for students, specialists of design and operational organizations.

Industrial Radiography Testing & Technique Safety for Human Body

The use of Industrial Radiography for examining the quality of Weld joints is very popular worldwide. In India, many welding activities like construction and laying the huge pipelines for gas and water transportation and distribution as well construction of storage tanks are performed. The objects are working under high pressure and therefore, it is important to produce the weld beads with high quality. Industrial radiography uses ionizing radiation to view objects in a way that cannot be seen otherwise. The method has grown out of engineering, and is a major element of non-destructive testing (NDT) to inspect materials for hidden flaws. The radiation caused by these facilities is very dangerous however, with the use of new technologies and proper protection, risks of injury and death associated with radiation can be greatly reduced. Use or radiation sources are associated with a certain amount of radiation hazard. With proper card, this can be minimized. Radiation hazards may be broadly classified as external hazards an internal hazard. External hazards occur when the source of radiation is outside the body and internal hazards arise when the source for radiation gets into the human system. Hazard evaluation is necessary in order to adopt suitable measures to control radiation exposure. The problem of internal hazard does not arise in the use of X-ray equipment. It is considerably easy to estimate the external radiation hazard and there are a number of devices suitable for this purpose.

OVERHEAD WATER TANK CONSTRUCTION: AN INNOVATIVE STRATEGY

The construction of an overhead water tank leads to extensive scaffolding and formwork for the full height of the tank. A steel mill in Sadat City, Egypt, required a tank with a total capacity of 275 m3 at a staging height of 36.75 meters above ground level, so it was built using the “Slip Forming and Heavy Lifting Technique”. It comprises twin chambers, each having a capacity of 75 m3 and 200 m3, supported by a circular shaft. A comparison between the methods of "slip-forming and heavy lifting techniques” and “conventional methods of construction” has been presented. “Slip Forming and Heavy Lifting Technique” is the need of the hour to provide an economical solution to the requirement of a time-bound finish to any project.

Retrieval of dominant methane (CH4) emission sources, the first high-resolution (1–2 m) dataset of storage tanks of China in 2000–2021

Abstract. Methane (CH4) is a significant greenhouse gas in exacerbating climate change. Approximately 25 % of CH4 is emitted from storage tanks. It is crucial to spatially explore the CH4 emission patterns from storage tanks for efficient strategy proposals to mitigate climate change. However, due to the lack of publicly accessible storage tank locations and distributions, it is difficult to ascertain the CH4 emission spatial pattern over a large-scale area. To address this problem, we generated a storage tank dataset (STD) by implementing a deep learning model with manual refinement based on 4403 high-spatial-resolution images (1–2 m) from the Gaofen-1, Gaofen-2, Gaofen-6, and Ziyuan-3 satellites over city regions in China with officially reported numerous storage tanks in 2021. STD is the first storage tank dataset for over 92 typical city regions in China. The dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10514151 (Chen et al., 2024). It provides a detailed georeferenced inventory of 14 461 storage tanks wherein each storage tank is validated and assigned the construction year (2000–2021) by visual interpretation of the collected high-spatial-resolution images, historical high-spatial-resolution images of Google Earth, and field survey. The inventory comprises storage tanks with various distribution patterns in different city regions. Spatial consistency analysis with the CH4 emission product shows good agreement with storage tank distributions. The intensive construction of storage tanks significantly induces CH4 emissions from 2005 to 2020, underscoring the need for more robust measures to curb CH4 release and aid in climate change mitigation efforts. Our proposed dataset, STD, will foster the accurate estimation of CH4 released from storage tanks for CH4 control and reduction and ensure more efficient treatment strategies are proposed to better understand the impact of storage tanks on the environment, ecology, and human settlements.

Enhancement of the structural behavior of elevated water tanks using X-plate dampers

This study aims at utilizing of X-plate dampers to effectively address vibrations and minimize the possible structural harm to water tank facilities, and also at utilizing a finite element methodology to simulate and analyze the structural reactions. A non-linear time history analysis is employed to assess the effectiveness of X-plate dampers when subjected to different blast-induced ground motions. The efficiency of dampers was evaluated by conducting a comparative analysis of liquid storage structures with and without dampers using 50 m3 and 1500 m3 tanks in empty and full conditions. X – plate dampers are installed in a variety of bracing schemes, such as diagonal, X, V, Inverted V, and K bracing subjected to underground blast loads to improve the resilience of the selected elevated water tanks. The results showed the X-bracing pattern is the most effective configuration for X-plate dampers in mitigating blast loads in a 50 m3 elevated tank without water, resulting in a reduction of displacement, shear force, and bending moment by 43%, 15%, and 22%, in case of elevated tank with water reduced by 39% 25% and 33% respectively. In 1500 m3 elevated tank without water, the K-bracing is determined to be the most effective type of bracing, reducing the displacement, shear force, and bending moment by 50%, 70%, and 70%, in case of elevated tank with water reduced by 53%, 52%, and 54% respectively. The current study makes a significant contribution to the field of structural engineering by providing useful insights into raised water tank construction.

China-Nepal Think Tank Cooperation: Significance, Status and Prospects

Think tanks play an important role in the friendly relationship between China and Nepal. China-Nepal think tank exchanges and cooperation is the proper meaning of building a China-Nepal destiny community, fits the inherent objectives of China-Nepal think tank construction, and can provide effective intellectual support for the construction of the “Belt and Road” together with China and Nepal. At present, China-Nepal think tank cooperation has made remarkable progress: the two countries have set up specialized China study and Nepal study institutes, published a large number of reports, theses, monographs and media commentaries, intensively organized forums and conferences to improve exchange and cooperation mechanisms, promoted public diplomacy of think tanks to reinforce the people-to-people bonds between China and Nepal, and at the same time, they have also joined hands to build an international and interdisciplinary think tank platform with mountain characteristics. In the face of some shortcomings in the existing cooperation, both sides should strengthen the comprehensive capacity building of the two countries' think tanks, explore emerging topics such as digital and green transformation, promptly bridge the cognitive differences in China-Nepal cooperation, and ensure the objectivity and truthfulness of the information sources and knowledge outputs. Only in this way can China-Nepal think tank cooperation create new paths, expand its influence and enhance its effectiveness, and play a stronger role as an intellectual engine for deepening the development of the China-Nepal relationship.

The Exploration and Practice of Library Think Tank Construction and Think Tank Service

This paper aims to discuss the importance of library think tank construction and think tank service, and provide some practical experience and suggestions. Think tank refers to an institution that provides professional research, consultation and policy suggestions for decision makers and researchers. With the development of the information age, libraries, as one of the main carriers of information resources, should actively participate in the construction of think tanks and provide think tank services to meet the society's information needs and decision support. This paper first introduces the concept and characteristics of think tank, and then discusses the role and advantages of library as a think tank. Then, through the practical case analysis, the key elements and successful experience of think tank construction are summarized. Finally, this paper puts forward the problems and prospects that library should pay attention to in the aspect of think tank service.

Implementation of ODF (Open Defecation Free) Program in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City

This study aims to examine how the implementation of the open defecation free (ODF) program in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City. The Open Defection Free (ODF) program is a government program that aims to change hygienic and sanitary behavior through community empowerment so that the community independently improves good health status. The urgency of this research is due to the lack of public awareness of the importance of hygiene and health. In Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City, there are still people in two villages who practice open defecation. Based on data from the Sukabumi City Health Office, from 2019 to 2022 there was no decrease in open defecation rates in Nyomplong Village and Warudoyong Village. The research method used a descriptive qualitative method with a snowball sampling technique and the number of respondents was six informants. The result of this research is that the ODF program in Warudoyong Sub-district, Sukabumi City has not been running optimally, due to the lack of public awareness about the importance of the ODF program and limited land for the construction of communal septic tanks. Therefore, the recommendation for this research is the need for community roles and cooperation to improve facilities for the construction of communal septic tanks so that people can improve the quality of clean and healthy living, and increase socialization media by utilizing social media to provide information about the benefits of the ODF program to increase knowledge for the community.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Reinforcement under Low-Temperature Impact

Abstract Ammonia is an important carrier of hydrogen energy, and the large-scale storage of liquid ammonia is the next trend of cryogenic energy storage. At present, the international mainstream liquid ammonia tank is generally about 50, 000 m3. The outer storage tanks generally adopt a metal structure, and the material applied for larger concrete full-capacity tanks is worth doing further research. Steel reinforcement bars (rebar) are an important construction material for full-capacity cryogenic energy storage tanks. The performance of rebar is an important index in the process of designing the strength of building structures. The factors affecting the properties of rebar are diverse, and reasonable control of each influencing factor can improve the performance of rebar used for liquid ammonia storage tanks. This paper carries out the study on the mechanical properties of the steel reinforcement bars from the concrete of the main container under low temperatures for storing liquid ammonia. Through experimental research on the failure of steel used in external tanks, it has been shown that temperature has a significant impact on the ductile-brittle transition. Further treatment can effectively prevent the brittleness of steel bars, improve the safety and reliability of storage tanks at low temperatures, and is of great significance for the design and construction of subsequent large liquid ammonia storage tanks.

Comparatively Design and Analyze Elevated Rectangular Water Reservoir with and without Bracing for Different Stagging Height

A water tank, like a container that stores liquids, are categorized based on shape studies predict the analysis and design of rectangular as well as circular overhead water tanks through the usage of STADD PRO software. Storage reservoirs, especially overhead tanks, serve the purpose of storing and distributing water to consumers. Water supply planning may not have been adequately done for the recently built Overhead Circular Tank to meet the increasing demands of the expanding urban population. Branched distribution systems could be in several scenarios, including rural irrigation and the distribution of reclaimed water. Time is approaching when the need to conserve and store water becomes so essential. In such moments, it is crucial to develop cost-effective methods for storing and distributing water. The water that is stored in overhead water tanks is strategically placed. The overhead tank is vital as it serves as a common public utility structure. The distribution to nearby areas can be done without the need for pumping!!! The cost efficiency of overhead storage water tanks relies significantly on the quantity of concrete and steel needed for tank construction. As an initial resolution to this issue, it is essential to develop a water storage project based on STAAD principles, famously known as Overhead Water Reservoir. The current study covers the analysis and design of an elevated circular water tank using STAAD.Pro V8i. The design involves manual load calculations and the analysis of the entire structure using STAAD Pro V8i. The method of design used in the STAAD.Pro analysis is Limit State Design; the water tank is being subjected to various loads such as wind load, deadload, self-weight, and hydrostatic load due to water.

Cylindrical Steel Tanks Subjected to Long-Duration and High-Pressure Triangular Blast Load: Current Practice and a Numerical Case Study

This paper presents an investigation into the design of ammonia tanks for long-duration and high-pressure blast loads. The focus is on cylindrical steel tanks that apply as outer pressure-tight containers for double-walled tanks storing refrigerated liquefied gases. Based on limited empirical data, it is known in the tank industry that these tanks can withstand an explosion pressure up to a peak overpressure of approximately 10 kPa and 100 ms positive load duration. However, there is a growing need to design tanks for higher peak overpressures in order to establish a higher safety standard and accommodate unforeseen future requirements. This paper explores the concept of adapting established steel tank designs to handle high-pressure and long-duration overpressure due to blast events. Numerical analysis is conducted on a representative steel tank geometry subjected to a triangular blast load of 30 kPa with a 300 ms positive load duration. Various load application and calculation options are analyzed numerically. Considering the challenging nature of analyzing tank structures under blast load, the paper addresses controversial aspects discussed in the literature and presents a suitable analysis concept for a deflagration blast scenario for cylindrical tanks. The results provide insights into the expected structural behavior of the tank under high-pressure and long-duration overpressure. The main finding is that the calculation method developed in this study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing steel tanks in scenarios involving long-duration and high-pressure blast loads. Furthermore, the paper provides recommendations to guide future studies in this area. The findings have implications for the design and construction of tanks in critical infrastructure and offer valuable insights for engineers and researchers in this field, improving safety standards and ensuring adaptability to future utilization concepts.

Design and fabrication of circular sheet metal shearing machine

The growing use of sheet metal in various industries such as automotive, packaging, medical appliances, cylinder production, Apparatus construction, Tank construction, Aircraft bodies, Missile production, Satellite dishes, road building and road signs, and household appliances, is attributed to its ease of manufacturing, handling, and use. To meet customer demands, sheet metal product manufacturing industries are working towards producing circular feature products of good quality at a large scale and low cost. To this end, this research emphasis the design, analysis, and fabrication of an electric circular sheet metal shearing machine, this would replace the punching and blanking operations and reduce scrap value from the stock material. The research includes concept design, detail design and analysis, assembly, 3D modelling, and fabrication of the Machine.

Thermocline Storage Tank with Concrete Filler

A thermal storage of 2500 kWh is designed, built and installed at the site of the experimental solar tower of Themis in Targasonne (France) within the POLYPHEM project (H2020 program, Ref N. 764048). The thermal energy storage (TES) consists of a thermocline tank with solid filler and thermal oil as heat transfer fluid. Tank walls, filler bricks and foundations are made of concrete. This new concept introduces some challenges that have been addresed during the construction and commissioning of the TES system. In this paper, authors present the main issues and solutions adopted for the tank design and construction.

Construction and Seismic Performance Evaluation of Concrete Water Tanks

The construction of concrete water tanks is a crucial aspect of water distribution structures, ensuring dependable water supply at predetermined elevations for numerous purposes. Municipalities and corporations closely depend upon these tanks to store water, combustible fluids, and synthetic compounds. However, the safety of these tanks, especially during seismic events, is paramount. To address this, robust support structures inclusive of reinforced concrete (RC) propped outlines, metallic frameworks, RC shafts, and masonry platforms are employed. The RC casing approach could be the most common support system due to its effectiveness and durability. This paper gives a FEM based technique the use of Staad.pro employed inside the construction and evaluation of concrete water tanks.

Design of low-pressure transportable steel tanks for storing hydrogen for an electric tractor

The presented contribution offers a theoretical analysis of the possibilities of implementing hydrogen technologies in agricultural machines and tractors. It discusses in more detail the structural designs and strength calculations of low-pressure transportable steel tanks for hydrogen storage for the ET 3000 electric tractor, in which the accumulators will be replaced by designed metal hydride tanks. The structural design of low-pressure tanks meets the requirements of the STN EN 13322-2 standard, which deals with the technical and structural design of transportable pressure tanks. The design and construction of tanks are key from the point of view of the real implementation of hydrogen technology in a fully functional small tractor for the purpose of its long-term testing.

Treatment Of Oil-Containing Industrial Wastewater In Thin-Layer Oil Traps

In this article, oil production facilities and refineries are essentially the facilities where the most chemical processes are carried out and pollution is high. While oil is obtained in these facilities, the pollutants mixed with the water containing the oil are of great importance. While these waters contaminated during the production of petroleum and petroleum products are discharged to the receiving environment through different channels and collectors, this situation can cause serious problems in channels and collectors. Studies are carried out to prevent the pollution in these waters contaminated with oil and its derivatives from damaging the system. It is aimed to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the newly designed soft layer oil trap, which is different from the previously used ones, by performing experimental studies for the application. The description of the new design of the thin layer oil trap and the results of production tests at different operating flow rates in the inter-plate gap are presented. As a result of the experiments and analytical evaluations, the new system is found to be very successful in oil refining. Its advantages over existing horizontal oil traps are proved. A detailed analysis of available patent materials and information in technical literature shows that it is possible to create a more complete and compact construction of thin mud oil tanks. The facility created by us differs from other similar ones due to its compactness, simplicity of operation and higher cleaning efficiency. The device received invention patents of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

PENYULUHAN PEMBUATAN SARANA SEPTIC TANK SESUAI SNI SEBAGAI LANGKAH ODF DI DESA KARANGREJA

The problem in Karangreja Village is the behaviour of people who still practice open defecation. The extension of private septic tank construction in Karangreja village aims to plan a private septic tank system that is able to serve users, has sufficient capacity, is easy to operate and maintain, meets applicable standards and regulations. The method of implementing community service applies the method of community education in the form of counselling. The impact of the success of this activity will be seen in the long term through improved public health, improved sanitation infrastructure, and behavioural changes towards better sanitation. In addition, a sustainable approach to maintenance and monitoring of these sanitation facilities will also be key to long-term success.

Water Management Program in Telkom University: Planning and Best Practice

This paper discusses the water management conducted by Telkom University, including the fundamental considerations to be taken into account, the implementing organization, the design methods for rainwater systems, and practical experiences in constructing Rainwater Harvesting systems. The management is aware of the conditions and situations related to clean water users, estimates of clean water requirements, potential water sources, and the campus environmental situation. Based on various studies and supported by rainfall data from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency, a simple calculation was used to derive the design of the Rainwater Harvesting system, which was subsequently implemented. There are several lessons learned from this implementation, including the need for improvements in the foundation structure of soak pits, recommending the construction of ground tanks during the dry season, and the flexibility of ground tank size depending on the availability of funds The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions.