Route Construction Research Articles

Delay-sensitive energy-efficient routing scheme for the Wireless Sensor Network with path-constrained mobile sink

The use of mobile sinks (MSs) can address several challenges for traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as energy holes, meanwhile it also introduces some new issues. Especially, for the path constraint MS, the fixed trajectory and uncontrollable moving speed results in significant delay and even buffer overflows. Existing research mainly focused on delay-tolerant applications which are unsuitable for delay-sensitive data or adopted the greedy policy to collect data which is inefficient in energy. To minimize the energy consumption and guarantee delay requirement simultaneously, we propose a delay-sensitive and energy-efficient routing scheme. Firstly, to obtain the MS position, we propose a K-nearest neighbor-based prediction model, which can reduce the energy and delay overhead of the location update. Based on the prediction result, an efficient cluster routing scheme is designed. To ensure both search speed and the optimality of the cluster head (CH), we improve the Reed-Deer algorithm (RDA) as IRDA, and use the IRDA to find out CHs. To remove the redundancy of the CH, a removal method is proposed. After constructing clusters, a method is used to determine the next-hop of the CH by using the predication position of the MS, the received timestamp and the delay requirement of the data. A fault tolerance mechanism is supplied to deal the predication error and other unexpected situations. By applying IRDA and the prediction model, the proposed routing scheme avoids the frequent construction of new routes, reduces the hops of the end-to-end path, minimizes network energy consumption, and ensures timely data transmission. The comparison results indicates that the proposed protocol can effectively improve the network performance while guarantee delay requirement. Especially in realistic scenario, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce energy consumption and the end-to-end delay and improve the packet delivery ratio.

The Challenges of Developing Ecotourism Site from a Transportation Perspective Towards Creactive Industry Enforcement

This study aims to examine how challenges arise in the development of ecotourism areas from a transportation perspective on the enforcement of creative industries. This study was driven by the transportation needs of island communities and tourists to utilize creative industries with the spirit of sustainable ecotourism. Creative industry and sustainable ecotourism are Indonesia’s development priorities through the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. Qualitative research and a literature review were used in this study. The Karimun Jawa Islands Ecotourism Development was chosen because it is a conservation area and a creative industry market. Challenges from the transportation perspective provided by the government and third parties pay little attention to sea transportation routes that pass through conservation areas, namely the Panjang Island Conservation Area Line and Karimun Jawa National Park. There is indeed a sea route provided but several obstacles arise when passing through the conservation area. Second, if transportation is not handled it will have an impact on weakening the creative industry. Finally, the construction of new transportation routes is a solution to support sustainable ecotourism, besides that this new transportation route will have a positive impact on enforcing the creative industry.
 Keywords: creative, industry, ecotourism, transportation, challenges

Construction and Optimization of Power Transfer Route in Array Wireless Power Transfer Network With Multiple Load Nodes

Construction and Optimization of Power Transfer Route in Array Wireless Power Transfer Network With Multiple Load Nodes

Deployment of a UAV swarm-based LiFi network in the obstacle-ridden environment: algorithms of finding the path for UAV placement

The subject of this study is unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based wireless networks in an obstacle-ridden environment. The aim of this study is to develop methods and software to ensure reliable LiFi communication using swarm UAVs in an obstacle-ridden environment. The objectives are as follows: 1) to describe the problem of providing a reliable UAV swarm-based LiFi network, requirements for the composition and use of UAVs, and assumptions; 2) to develop the methodology for solving research tasks; 3) to develop the method and algorithms for solving the problem, considering the requirements, assumptions, and practical limitations; 4) to explore the algorithms by developing software for modeling and searching for rational UAV placement to ensure the required UAV-based LiFi network characteristics; 5) to provide experiments and illustrative examples of the developed tool’s application. The following results were obtained. 1) The requirements for the composition and use of UAVs for creating LiFi networks, as well as assumptions and limitations for the methodology development and research task solving. 2) An obstacle avoidance method using the left and right angles algorithm. 3) A method for obstacle avoidance using the controlled waterfall algorithm. 4) A software tool for modeling and searching for rational UAV placement to ensure the required LiFi network characteristics. The tool allows route construction under obstacles in 2D space and a comparison of the developed algorithms for various variants of obstacle placement. Conclusions. The main contribution of this research is a set of methods, algorithms, and software tools for providing communications between two points using LiFi technologies and a swarm of UAVs supporting these communications as transmitters in conditions of mechanical obstacles.

An in-silico Approach for Recognition of Long non-coding RNA-Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Axes in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is among the most central sources of cancer-related mortalities. In order to find novel candidates for therapeutic strategies in this kind of cancer, we developed an in-silico method for identification of competing endogenous RNA network. According to the microarray data analyses between prostate tumor and normal specimens, we attained 1312 differentially expressed (DE)mRNAs, including 778 down-regulated DEmRNAs (such as CXCL13 and BMP5) and 584 up-regulated DEmRNAs (such as OR51E2 and LUZP2), 39 DElncRNAs, including 10 down-regulated DElncRNAs (such as UBXN10-AS1 and FENDRR) and 29 up-regulated DElncRNAs (such as PCA3 and LINC00992) and 10 DEmiRNAs, including 2 down-regulated DEmiRNAs (such as MIR675 and MIR1908) and 8 up-regulated DEmiRNAs (such as MIR6773 and MIR4683). We constructed the ceRNA network between these transcripts. We also evaluated the related signaling pathways and the significance of these RNAs in prediction of survival of patients with prostate cancer. This study provides novel candidates for construction of specific treatment routes for prostate cancer.

Автоматизація побудови, порівняння та вибору маршрутів та схем доставки в системі мультимодальних перевезень


 The article proposes the application of a methodical approach to choosing the optimal route of multimodal transportation based on a module integrated into the information system of a freight forwarding company. The functions of the module are to build an optimal delivery scheme and meet all customer requirements, both domestic and international multimodal transportation, taking into account the changing circumstances in the conditions of instability caused by the state of war and the need to reorient the usual delivery routes.
 In the conditions of military operations, this method of automated search and comparison of alternative routes allows taking into account changing conditions that develop in real time, while the cargo flow should be accompanied by an information flow that would also be available in real time. The proposed structure of the database, the structures of requests for development routes., developed forms of source documents. The criteria for comparing routes of different dimensions are defined: the difference in the distance of cargo transportation, the costs of changing the existing system of cargo transportation, increasing the level of transportation safety, delivery time, reducing the cost of delivering a batch of goods, the difference in delivery time. A solution to the multi-criteria decision-making problem by normalizing the criteria and the additive optimization method is proposed. The method of determining the best route and supply scheme is implemented in the "decision-making" module, which is integrated into the information system of the transport forwarding company.
 The result of the practical implementation of the proposed method of construction, comparison and selection of routes and delivery schemes in the system of multimodal transportation based on the integrated module in the information system of the transport and forwarding company is the possibility of quick response to changes in external circumstances, warnings of emergency and conflict situations, control of the transportation process along the entire route and , if necessary, making adjustments to the route and delivery scheme, choosing a safe and effective option by the operator of multimodal transportation.

Pigeon Navigation Influenced Economic Route Construction for Smooth Data Transmission in IoT

Pigeon Navigation Influenced Economic Route Construction for Smooth Data Transmission in IoT

СЕТЕВОЙ ГРАФИК ПЕРЕВОЗКИ ГРУЗОВ ПО МАРШРУТУ МУРМАНСК – САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ – МУМБАИ – КОЛОМБО И СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МОРСКИХ ПУТЕЙ И МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО КОРИДОРА «СЕВЕР-ЮГ»

The article discusses the Murmansk – St. Petersburg - Mumbai–Colombo route, the use of a network graph in the construction of routes and analysis of sea routes and the North-South multimodal transport corridor. New directions and their prospects are considered. For comparative analysis, criteria such as the Hurwitz criterion, the Laplace criterion and the Wald criterion based on time and distance indicators were used. The most optimal ways of transportation without taking into account cost indicators have been identified.

The land transport efficiency in Wasit Governorate: Urban and rural settlements

The study of human factors and the extent of their impact on the construction of land transport roads is of great importance because they are variable factors, which are on the contrary natural factors, and the impact of human factors on road construction operations is evident through the study of population distribution and size, and economic activities (agricultural, industrial, tourism). And its direct mutual relationship with the construction and extension of land transport routes and the development of each of them, and then directing them to serve urban and rural human settlements, which leads to their development and improvement of their economic, living and social conditions on the one hand, and contributes to the emergence of new centers for human settlement on the other hand.

Construction of a cable yarding track by mathematical and software methods

Constraining factors for the development of traditional solutions for the development of hard-to-reach logging areas are given. Mathematical and software methods are proposed to calculate the construction of routes for rope-trailer installations. Methods of solving the problem of laying an acceptable optimal route using discrete programming methods under conditions of risk and uncertainty are proposed. On a practical example in typical natural and industrial conditions of the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation (sq.4 v.39 of the Primorsky district forestry of the Kurortny forestry of St. Petersburg) the construction of a mathematical model for solving the stochastic problem with quantile indices is carried out.

Route planning of autonomous robots in three-dimensional logic space using mivar technologies

The paper describes an approach to using mivar technologies for planning three-dimensional robot routes, taking into account the given obstacles. This system is of great importance in increasing the autonomy of robots, as it will ultimately help us get closer to creating artificial intelligence in mechanical engineering. At present, there are many tasks related to automation and robotics that require non-trivial solutions. The article describes three models of three-dimensional logical space and presents a visualization of route construction in these spaces for robotic complexes. Obstacles in three-dimensional logical space are understood as the absence of graph vertices and transitions between them in a certain specific area. The use of mivar technologies of logical artificial intelligence in the field of transport systems allows to significantly speed up route planning thanks to a unique mivar algorithm for processing information, which allows creating systems capable of making decisions in real time. This work is intended for researchers dealing with the problem of three-dimensional route planning using mivar technologies.

Problems of marketing logistics and infrastructure in Ukraine under martial law: ways to solve them in the context of European integration

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of development of logistics and infrastructure in the pre-war economy of Ukraine, to identify problems and peculiarities of its functioning during the martial law, as well as to formulate measures for its restoration and improvement in the context of European integration. Results. The logistics system of Ukraine in the years before the russian-Ukrainian war had a tendency to progressive development. This is evidenced by the positive dynamics of the national Logistics Performance Index. The most developed component of the domestic logistics system was the timeliness of cargo deliveries, and the least developed – the quality of trade and transport infrastructure. The hypothesis that during military operations on the territory of Ukraine, its logistics infrastructure underwent fundamental changes was confirmed. The most painful thing for the country is the destruction and damage of infrastructure and infrastructure connections. Analysis and consideration of these factors will allow logistics companies to adapt to changing, critical conditions and operate more efficiently. The phenomena and processes affecting Ukrainian logistics during martial law have been identified. Scientific novelty. The study identified factors that influenced the change in logistics services in Ukraine during the war within four groups: people, infrastructure, security, legislation. The authors proposed two groups of measures (short-term and long-term) that will resume Ukraine’s foreign trade activities, as well as improve logistics within the country in the context of its European integration. Practical value. The practical value of this study is that it can be used as a source and tool in the development of specific measures and programs for the development of the logistics infrastructure of Ukraine, in particular, the construction of new logistics routes and logistics centers.

Networks method of hybrid construction and support of data transmission routes in programmed tools of mobile radio communication based on neural networks

The article proposes a method of hybrid construction and support of data transmission routes in programmable means of mobile radio communication based on neural networks. Taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of mobile radio communication networks and means of communication, the article proposes to intellectualize the processes of managing data flows by using knowledge processing technologies in the construction of a control system. The construction of the control system is based on the use of neural networks, the methodology proposes three main steps of its construction, namely the method of hybrid construction of data transmission routes, the method of maintaining data transmission routes and modeling the process of construction and maintenance of data transmission routes in the network using neural networks. Unlike similar methods, which: are used in stationary communication networks with a small number of end nodes, without the possibility of monitoring the functions of data transmission routes; which are characterized by the absence of a clear decision-making hierarchy and the presence of unpredictability when applied in data transmission systems of mobile radio communication networks; do not take into account the peculiarities of the functioning of mobile radio communications. The proposed technique is able to build data transmission routes, increases the time of network operation and reduces the loading of network channels based on the application of a hybrid structure of neural network construction, by minimizing service traffic in the information direction; selection of the type, number and method of control of data transmission routes; introduction of the hierarchy of the decision-making process for the construction of the data transmission route and the selection of data parameters, taking into account the characteristic features of the use of programmable mobile communication tools to ensure the given quality of network service under different conditions of operation of mobile radio communication tools, using neural networks.

Environment-Aware Adaptive Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks.

With the rapid development of the intelligent transportation system (ITS), routing in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has become a popular research topic. The high mobility of vehicles in urban streets poses serious challenges to routing protocols and has a significant impact on network performance. Existing topology-based routing is not suitable for highly dynamic VANETs, thereby making location-based routing protocols the preferred choice due to their scalability. However, the working environment of VANETs is complex and interference-prone. In wireless-network communication, the channel contention introduced by the high density of vehicles, coupled with urban structures, significantly increases the difficulty of designing high-quality communication protocols. In this context, compared to topology-based routing protocols, location-based geographic routing is widely employed in VANETs due to its avoidance of the route construction and maintenance phases. Considering the characteristics of VANETs, this paper proposes a novel environment-aware adaptive reinforcement routing (EARR) protocol aimed at establishing reliable connections between source and destination nodes. The protocol adopts periodic beacons to perceive and explore the surrounding environment, thereby constructing a local topology. By applying reinforcement learning to the vehicle network's route selection, it adaptively adjusts the Q table through the perception of multiple metrics from beacons, including vehicle speed, available bandwidth, signal-reception strength, etc., thereby assisting the selection of relay vehicles and alleviating the challenges posed by the high dynamics, shadow fading, and limited bandwidth in VANETs. The combination of reinforcement learning and beacons accelerates the establishment of end-to-end routes, thereby guiding each vehicle to choose the optimal next hop and forming suboptimal routes throughout the entire communication process. The adaptive adjustment feature of the protocol enables it to address sudden link interruptions, thereby enhancing communication reliability. In experiments, the EARR protocol demonstrates significant improvements across various performance metrics compared to existing routing protocols. Throughout the simulation process, the EARR protocol maintains a consistently high packet-delivery rate and throughput compared to other protocols, as well as demonstrates stable performance across various scenarios. Finally, the proposed protocol demonstrates relatively consistent standardized latency and low overhead in all experiments.

Модель региональной транспортной сети для построения рациональных мультимодальных маршрутов пассажирских перевозок

Purpose: Adaptation of methods of constructing models of transport networks for the development of rational multimodal routes of regional passenger transportation, as well as the creation of a software product for the practical implementation of the proposed algorithms. Methods: Mathematical modeling; graph theory for solving regional transportation problems with construction of two-level oriented weighted multigraphs; Analysis of existing algorithms for optimizing the search for graph solutions; Dijkstra’s algorithm. Results: The model of the regional passenger transport network has been implemented in the form of a calculation program developed by the authors. In this program, the schedule of the movement of all transport points under consideration is the initial data, and the result is the construction of rational multimodal routes. The calculation program is compiled from several modules that implement the following functionality in general: reading input data from files; the formation of an array of connections for the problems under consideration; search for a rational solution and output of the received data while saving it to the file. The optimization criterion when choosing a route can be the minimum travel time, distance, or cost of the trip, depending on the task and input data provided. The resulting array of data with the results has been further analyzed using the MS Excel table editor. This approach is selected due to sufficient flexibility when performing a variety of data analysis and the convenience of graphic presentation of the results. Practical significance: The development of rational multimodal routes, relevant primarily for cases of abrupt changes in transport relations, in which the extrapolation methods of existing passenger flow do not provide reliable forecast data. Justification of the adjustment of the schedules of regional passenger routes based on the results of the analysis of the demand and the load of their specific segments.

Повышение квалификации педагогов на базе цифровой образовательной платформы: вызовы экспертному сообществу

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that teachers often fail to cope with the tasks of digital communication and their own learning via digital platform, and therefore, digital means become a kind of a communication barrier for them, instead of being a unifying bond. The research objective is to summarize the experience of psychological and pedagogical interaction with the participants of the professional development program based on a digital educational platform in order to identify psychological and pedagogical deficiencies of working teachers, who are enrolled in the professional development program, and the challenges faced by the experts of the training program. The study hypothesizes that the teacher-training professional development program, organized on the basis of a digital educational platform, will allow us to identify specific challenges to the expert community caused by the practice of exclusively distant interaction, on the one hand, and on the other hand, it will help to identify professional deficiencies of working teachers and to overcome them. Participants: 53 teachers working in different regions of the Russian Federation aged from 21 to 70 years old with work experience from 1 to 40 years. Methods (tools): the questionnaire for fixing the psychological and pedagogical problems of the interviewees and the significance of the professional activity (by I. V. Egorov, D. V. Naumova, T. V. Sklyarova, L. B. Schneider), the expert method (included observation and expert assessments) to determine the manifestation of professional competencies of teachers. Results. The research results helped to find out that under the conditions of online learning, teachers demonstrate commitment to the position of a passive participant/listener, rather than an active co-author of the process. It is shown that adult education (of teachers, in particular) becomes a challenge to the expert community: the established mental patterns, individual and habitual models of obtaining knowledge determine the internal resistance and distrust to digital learning tools. It is revealed that the key shortage of the students is insufficient digital communication. Conclusions: to overcome teacher deficiencies the authors propose the construction of an individual educational route for professional development and the use of gamification techniques in digital learning. Practical significance: the results obtained will allow to adjust the professional development programs that are conducted via the digital platform.

Machine learning based centralized dynamic clustering algorithm for energy efficient routing in vehicular ad hoc networks

AbstractVehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a dynamic and self‐configure wireless network that connects vehicles to provide in‐vehicle infotainment services and comfort to both driver and passengers while on the move. Due to the highly dynamic environment, patchy connectivity, roadside barriers, and a scarcity of road side units (RSUs); existing routing protocols of VANET consume high energy during route construction. As a consequence, the VANET lifespan might be shortened. However, saving energy is a critical factor where VANET is projected to play a key role in the building of sustainable green infrastructure. Clustering is an imperative process where vehicle nodes join to make stable clusters based on common mobility features. In VANET, clustering‐based routing algorithms significantly improve network effectiveness and reduce infrastructure costs. This article proposes fuzzy c‐means (FM) machine learning‐based dynamic clustering algorithm (DCA) to identify trustworthy vehicles for energy‐efficient multi‐hop routing by considering different mobility parameters such as position, direction, speed, and remaining energy of each vehicle node. This article also proposes distance and power‐based variation of FM called fuzzy c‐means using distance and residual power (FMDP) to find stable cluster heads (CHs) for performing better data dissemination to the destination. The proposed DCA outperforms the existing k‐means based clustering algorithms as well as topology‐based DSR and AODV routing protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, application throughput, end‐to‐end delay, network energy consumption, node energy consumption, and RSU energy consumption. Additionally, clustering methods FM and FMDP of suggested DCA improve end‐to‐end delay by 20%, application throughput by 5%, and reduce network energy consumption by 68% compared with the k‐means based clustering model.

Possibilities for the construction of a parallel route of the European transport corridor No 9 through Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece

The Bulgarian state is significantly behind in the development of its strategic road infrastructure. This circumstance is complemented by the deteriorated state of the already-built infrastructure in the Bulgarian state. There is a need to change the policy philosophy for managing and maintaining the strategic infrastructure in Bulgaria. It is necessary to strongly link this policy with the regional development policy, due to the similar objectives they must achieve. They are aimed at bringing Bulgarian regions closer together, and their economic and regional development based on improved connectivity between them. Achieving all this, however, is hampered by a significant deficit in the system. There is a lack of connectivity and development of the transport axes in the North-South direction. In this regard, the authors set as their main objective to analyze and assess the possibilities for the construction of a parallel route of the European transport corridor No. 9 through Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece, which includes the construction of a tunnel between the town of Troyan and the village of Karnare in the central part of the Balkan Mountains. The implementation of this project will bring economic, social, transport, and financial benefits to the Bulgarian state. The construction of the project ensures connectivity between the Balkan countries, the formation of a single European market, stimulating the development of Northern Bulgaria, and a targeted impact on the North and South-Central planning regions.

The genesis of the transport system of Ukraine from the economic point of view

The genesis of the infrastructure of the transport system of Ukraine and its reflection in the writings of economists of different periods of the history of Ukraine were studied. The dependence of the development of the transport system on economic factors is determined. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of the modern structure, the causes and consequences of its deformation are revealed and directions for the approval of innovative forms with the use of state regulation are characterized. It was determined that the reasons for the imbalance are multifaceted. Therefore, to eliminate it, a comprehensive approach is required, which involves the use of tools and other areas of regional socio-economic policy. In the Soviet period, the current issues of the development of transport industries were covered mainly from technocratic positions, an excessively ideological approach to the disclosure of the problems of transport development was characteristic, while at the same time a significant mass of factual material and statistical data was introduced into scientific circulation. The historical retrospective of economic thought shows the evolution of transport in general, as well as of its individual components - the material and technical base, the development of transportation, the construction of communication routes, etc., by types of transport. An analysis of both positive and negative phenomena that took place in the process of technical reconstruction of the material and technical base of transport and coordination of the work of interacting modes of transport is provided. On the basis of historiographical analysis, the main factors of the disintegration of the transport system and the impact on transport accessibility are identified and substantiated. The objective conditionality of state support for the development of transport infrastructure as a factor in the growth of the transport system and the economy has been proven. The compliance of the organization of the transport infrastructure with the principles of efficient management, which ensures their demand in the future of the economy, has been proven. Turning to historical experience and carrying out a historical-economic analysis of work on the modernization of vehicles, construction of communication routes and formation of transport infrastructure was carried out from the standpoint of assessing modern opportunities and ways to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the transport sector of the Ukrainian economy.

A matheuristic for aircraft maintenance routing problem incorporating cruise speed control

Aircraft maintenance routing problem incorporating cruise speed control (AMRP-CSC) is an extension of the well-known aircraft maintenance routing problem (AMRP) where the flexible cruise times of flights are considered in route construction. Changing cruise times in AMRP can transform the infeasible flight connections into feasible ones, resulting in a larger solution space and further opportunities for efficiently routing. This may open up the possibility for a substantial improvement in aircraft utilization, but also increases resolution complexity. In this study, a new solution methodology, namely a matheuristic approach, is proposed for this problem. It is composed of three main components: an improved ant colony optimization (IACO) algorithm, a set partitioning (SP) procedure, and a neighborhoods search (NS) procedure. The IACO algorithm serves as a route generator, populating a pool of routes with promising feasible aircraft maintenance routes. Then, a SP model, which features the high-quality columns corresponding to the routes in the pool, is solved to produce a possible better solution. Finally, this solution is further improved by a NS procedure that iteratively solves the reduced AMRP-CSC instances to optimality. This matheuristic approach is analyzed and tested using the data extracting from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), and then its accuracy and the efficiency have been demonstrated by experiment analyses.