Route Construction Research Articles

MOVEMENT OF THE VEHICLE IN THE FIELD WHEN PICKING UP CARGO

The analytical, calculated possibility of realization of the picking of cargo after harvesting solid crops of breeding seeds, regardless of the operation of the selection and seed harvester, is considered. A distinctive feature of independent cargo selection in pre-breeding is significant harvesting areas, from which the transportation of already packed crops requires fixed approaches to route construction to minimize significant over-runs, the number of options of which is determined by factorial dependence. (Research purpose) The research purpose is scientifically substantiate the methods of movement of vehicles in the field with manual selection of sacks in conditions of technologically independent harvesting of continuous crops of breeding seeds of grain crops. (Materials and methods) Used well-known methods of movement of the machine-tractor unit, which can be adapted to the selection of grain samples filled from the combine. It was revealed that the computational solution of the problem may imply the most convenient adaptation of the number permutation generator for the calculation of shortest routes. (Results and discussion) Analytical methods of circular movement of the vehicle and shuttle, if necessary, compliance with the sequence of the technological operation of cleaning, were proposed. Presented, if there is a calculation base, a method of movement through the nearest points, and if necessary, compliance with the sequence of the technological cleaning operation - through a sequence of points. (Conclusions) It was found that the presence of a calculated base of routes by passing the nearest points reduces the mileage by 1.27-2 times compared to the analytical method of circular motion. It was determined that the use of a calculated database of routes by passing a sequence of points reduces mileage in comparison with the analytical shuttle method by 2.19-3.23 times. It was shown that some of the parameters are rounded up, so at this stage it is recommended to use the data obtained in the framework of engineering calculations of the vehicle’s cycleway.

Improved Trickle Algorithm Toward Low Power and Better Route for the RPL Routing Protocol

The IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL) is a routing protocol standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force. According to the specification of the protocol, the Trickle algorithm is adopted for the dissemination of route construction information among nodes in such networks. Since the algorithm is originally designed for code propagation and maintenance in Wireless Sensor Networks, when using the algorithm for the route formation of the network there exist some problems, such as the route convergence time, the fairness issue among nodes, and the amount of power consumption. Therefore, the paper proposes an improved Trickle algorithm, namely FI-Trickle, by taking a new approach to simultaneously reduce the unfairness among nodes and the power consumption and to improve the packet delivery ratio of the network. The performance of FI-Trickle is verified via simulation with extensive experiments over various network sizes, interference conditions, and network topologies. For comparison purposes, the extensive experiments are applied not only to FI-Trickle, but also to various Trickle variants such as Trickle, Trickle-F, I-Trickle, and Drizzle. The simulation results show that FI-Trickle can use less power to achieve a similar fairness level as compared to Trickle-F. Also, in terms of the packet delivery ratio, as the network size grows, FI-Trickle can increasingly outperform Trickle-F, Trickle, Drizzle, and I-Trickle by up to 1%, 3%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. This end result implies that FI-Trickle can be a better Trickle candidate for the dissemination of the RPL message for large-scale networks.

The relationship between bicycle traffic and the development of bicycle infrastructure on the example of Warsaw

The article presents the relationship between the intensity of bicycle traffic volume and the development of bicycle infrastructure on the example of Warsaw. There has been a big increase in cycling over the last decade. At the same time, the linear and point bicycle infrastructure developed very strongly. Similar trends are also observed in other cities in Poland. The article presents the types of infrastructure available to cyclists. Then, the method of assessing the bicycle infrastructure is presented, taking into account the five features of good bicycle infrastructure: cohesion, directness, attractiveness, safety and comfort. In terms of coherence, the analysis covered the bicycle infrastructure network in the vicinity of the measurement site. The directness was tested by checking the accessibility of several dozen of the most important nodal points of the city's communication network. The attractiveness was examined by checking the availability of public bike stations, bicycle racks and bike-sharing stations. The infrastructure adjusted to the technical class of the road was adopted as a measure of safety. The comfort was checked by analyzing the quality of the road surface, which affects the driving comfort and energy expenditure. All the factors presented impact the cyclist's assessment of the infrastructure. To standardize the assessment rules, an aggregate index of the development of bicycle infrastructure was determined. The analysis was carried out for 10 sample points for four consecutive years. The points were characterized by different bicycle infrastructure, location in the city road network and different results of bicycle traffic measurements. The analysis showed a strong positive relationship between traffic and cycling infrastructure for most of the analyzed places. There was a negative dependence in the case of the construction of alternative routes in relation to the place of traffic measurements. The obtained results are the same as in the works of other authors. However, the effects of work do not allow to determine which of the examined factors is the cause and which is the effect but only show the existing relationship.

Determining the optimal location of an urban transport interchange hub

Several possible options for the location of Pyatiletka transport interchange hub in the Samara city district are considered. In order to determine the optimal option, the hub location is compared by several parameters. Such values as passenger traffic, existing routes of urban public transport, priority directions of passenger traffic, and capital investments in construction are selected as optimization parameters. To determine the values of passenger traffic, an analysis of the existing passenger traffic was performed, with its allocation by capacity and routing. The unevenness of passenger traffic by days of the week and periods of the day is determined, the minimum and maximum values of passenger traffic are revealed, as well as its fluctuations over the considered periods. The construction of public urban transport routes allowed to identify the busiest routes and the availability of transport for different variants of the transport interchange hub location. The options of organizing the possible arrival/departure of urban public transport to/from the transport interchange hub are considered. Using the obtained data, a SWOT analysis was performed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each hub placement option and the optimal variant was selected.

Magnitude of tuberculosis on the Bioceanic Route: an epidemiological description

This study aims to assess the epidemiological situation of five municipalities that are part of the bioceanic route in order to analyze the descriptors and general health aspect of the population through a retrospective, quantitative and cross-sectional descriptive study with a documentary approach, from secondary data reported to the National System of Notifiable Diseases in the municipalities of Guia Lopes da Laguna, Jardim, Nioaque, Porto Murtinho, Sidrolândia and Campo Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in the period from January 2015 to December 2020. The incidence rate ranged between 32.23 and 79.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants. There was a predominance of individuals aged between 30-39 years (26.05%) and males (67.5%). The most important injuries were alcoholism (19.15%) and smoking (18%). In the exams, 52.3% had positive bacilloscopy and 32.03% had a positive culture. The incidence of tuberculosis in the evaluated municipalities was higher than the Brazilian average and that of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. These evaluated municipalities do not have a favorable epidemiological situation with regard to tuberculosis and the construction of the biocenic route may further aggravate the situation.

PREFACE

PREFACE

Historical aspects of construction and operation of train ferry routes

Sustainable development of the transport industry can be provided through the introduction of combined transport systems. And one of the most promising ones is the train ferry transport system which combines railway and marine transport facilities. The article deals with the analysis and systematization of the data on the historical development of train ferry routes and describes the background for the construction of train ferry routes and their advantages over other combined transport types. It also deals with the basic features of the train ferries operating on the main international train ferry routes. The study is concerned with both sea routes and routes across rivers and lakes. The article shows the role of train ferry routes in the improvement of a national economy, and in the provision of the military defense, as it was described by Vinogradov at the example of Saratovskaya Pereprava (route) and by Karakashly and Shklyaruk at the example of the lighter Ishimbay which was loaded from the side. The authors have analyzed the development of the train ferry routes serviced by the ice-breaking train ferries Baikal across Lake Baikal, and the ferries Sakhalin linked mainland Russia and Sakhalin Island. The article deals with the peculiarities of transportation by trains ferries in the USA, Japan, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Germany, Lithuania, and some other countries, and presents the analysis of the operational features of Ukrainian train ferries which connect Ukraine with Bulgaria, Georgia, and Turkey. Besides, the article describes some peculiarities of the loading and transportation of passenger trains by train ferries. The study deals with structural peculiarities, and processing technology used for modern train ferries operating across the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Baltic Sea. The research is based on the analysis of works by Egorov (the Marine Engineering Bureau, Ukraine). The research emphasizes the importance of train ferry transportation for the sustainable development of national economies including the economy of Ukraine.

A Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Methods for Coordinated Development of Water Diversion Projects Based on Advanced SWOT Analysis and Coupling Coordination Model

The implementation of water diversion projects will exert different influences on upstream water offering areas and the downstream water receiving areas. In order to effectively promote the coordinated development of the two regions, a comprehensive evaluation system for the coordinated development of water transfer projects has been proposed with the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project as the research object. The system conducts a multidimensional evaluation of social development, economic development, and ecological environmental impact, and builds a comprehensive evaluation index system with fifteen evaluation indexes at three levels, with the indexes weighted through the comprehensive weighting method based on the combination of the G1 method and the entropy weight method. Based on the degree of coordinated development among various systems, the coordinated development of the Middle Route of the South–North Water Transfer Project is graded through a comprehensive evaluation. This method is tested in the decision support system of the Middle Route Construction and Administration Bureau, China. The results show that: (1) The coupling coordination degree value of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is 0.8912, which shows that the regional development of the water transfer project is high coupled coordination. (2) The coordination between the economic system and the ecological environment system is weaker than the coordination between the economic system and the social service system, and the coordination between the ecological and social services is the best. Finally, based on an advanced SWOT analysis of the future development of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, effective suggestions for regional development are provided. It provides reference or guidance for the competent authority to manage the water diversion project and the central government to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the water diversion project.

Hybrid Multiagent Collaboration for Time-Critical Tasks: A Mathematical Model and Heuristic Approach

Principal–assistant agent teams are often employed to solve tasks in multiagent collaboration systems. Assistant agents attached to the principal agents are more flexible for task execution and can assist them to complete tasks with complex constraints. However, how to employ principal–assistant agent teams to execute time-critical tasks considering the dependency between agents and the constraints among tasks is still a challenge so far. In this paper, we investigate the principal–assistant collaboration problem with deadlines, which is to allocate tasks to suitable principal–assistant teams and construct routes satisfying the temporal constraints. Two cases are considered in this paper, including single principal–assistant teams and multiple principal–assistant teams. The former is formally formulated in an arc-based integer linear programming model. We develop a hybrid combination algorithm for adapting larger scales, the idea of which is to find an optimal combination of partial routes generated by heuristic methods. The latter is defined in a path-based integer linear programming model, and a branch-and-price-based (BP-based) algorithm is proposed that introduces the number of assistant-accessible tasks surrounding a task to guide the route construction. Experimental results validate that the hybrid combination algorithm and the BP-based algorithm are superior to the benchmarks in terms of the number of served tasks and the running time.

On the route construction in changing environments using solutions of the eikonal equation

The article deals with the vehicle routing problem in an environment with dynamically changing properties. The problem is relevant in current conditions when the delivery cost has a steady upward trend and is often comparable to the cost of the product itself. A central feature of the study is that the optimality criterion is the minimum delivery time, but not the distance traveled. The optical-geometric approach developed by the authors, based on the analogy between the propagation of light in an optically inhomogeneous medium and the minimization of the integral functional, is used as a research tool. We use exact and approximate solutions of the eikonal equations to describe wave fronts. Two original numerical algorithms for route construction are proposed and implemented as software. A computational experiment is performed that justified the effectiveness of the proposed model-algorithmic tools.

Interface optimization and fast ion exchange route construction in CoS2 electrode by decorated with dielectric Al2O3 nanoparticles for high temperature primary lithium batteries

As the most investigated cathode of thermal batteries, the electrochemical performance of CoS 2 is limited by a big polarization at high current density and low working temperature, which is ascribed to the poor wettability of molten salt on CoS 2 surface and low exchange current density. In this contribution, Al 2 O 3 is selected as a modifier to improve the wettability of molten salt on CoS 2 surface and exchange current density at the same time, by adjusting the dielectric polarization field of CoS 2 surface. The discharge capacity (V ≥ 1.7 V) of CoS 2 increases by ~11% at 500 °C with a discharge current of 300 mA cm −2 , and 55% at 450 °C with a discharge current of 100 mA cm −2 , by the decoration of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles. Moreover, the influence of decorated Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles on the electrochemical performance of CoS 2 are discussed. • CoS 2 decorated with Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles can be synthesized via a simple way. • Optimized interface is able to boost the discharge ability of thermal batteries. • Influence mechanisms of Al 2 O 3 on electrochemical behavior of CoS 2 are studied.

A GRASP to solve the multi-constraints multi-modal team orienteering problem with time windows for groups with heterogeneous preferences

Improving the travel experience is a goal of tourist destinations. Tourists demand information and services that help plan and organise the trips adapted to their preferences and resources. Intelligent systems, recommendation systems, and electronic tourist guides can play a decisive role in tourist satisfaction and shaping the offer at the destination. These systems must satisfy the interests of tourists which travel alone or as a group. However, the development of these tools to generate group tourism itineraries is still limited. Group itineraries must also consider individual preferences and the selection of transport modes. The problem associated with the construction of tourist routes is called the Tourist Trip Design Problem. In this work, an extension of the Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows is developed to model tourism planning. The model considers the construction of group routes, a cost and time limit associated with each participant, the selection of the mode of transport to go from one location to another, and heterogeneous preferences in the group. The model aims to maximise the preferences of group members by considering real and challenging constraints that increase complexity and avoid solutions in polynomial time. This is a novel model, and we generate sets of instances to assess the accuracy of our solution approach. A Greedy Randomised Adaptive Search Procedure is proposed to solve the model. Evaluation criteria based on time, cost, and preferences are used to guide the candidate’s selection in the construction phase. The results provided by our meta-heuristic are compared with those obtained by solving the Mixed Integer Programming formulation with exact solver. Computational results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Improving the efficiency of manipulator-type machines with an improved hydraulic drive

The article considers the possibility of increasing the efficiency of manipulator-type machines when harvesting wood by increasing the productivity, energy efficiency and reliability of the hydraulic equipment used. A combined method of transporting timber from logging sites by road and water transport using equipment with an improved hydraulic drive of the manipulator is proposed. The issue has not been worked through before. Using the example of the Northwestern Federal District, the author considers the development of forest areas located in the upper reaches of small and medium rivers. For the first time, original hydromechanical dampers and energy-saving devices are used in hydraulic drives of manipulators of forest machines to reduce dynamic loads and energy consumption for loading and unloading timber. This increases the efficiency of the use of manipulator-type machines, creating mobility, reducing equipment costs, the time spent waiting for unloading on sites for further rafting or shipment. The development of forest areas in a combined way will reduce capital investments for the construction of transport routes at the border of waterways by at least 3 times. All this will reduce the cost of harvesting in general and eliminate the use of additional loaders.

Algorithm for constructing a route to pass a narrow fairway

Modern navigation systems often employ the algorithms for plotting lines for the preliminary route construction. The current conditions of technological development imply the simplicity of constructing routes. However, the most important part was and remains the speed of the system that generates the route. The authors of the paper proposed a universal algorithm for constructing a navigation route in narrow channels of the sea. The presented algorithm identifies the middle of the fairway as the safest point at each narrow segment and connects them with track lines. The problem that can arise is smoothing, as the middle of the fairway can shift significantly. To solve this problem, new relative and absolute parameters that characterize plotting of turning points were introduced. In addition, a unified universal formula was proposed for finding the coordinates of these points on a line perpendicular to the current route of the vessel. It was experimentally proved that correctly selected empirical parameters enable the algorithm to quickly construct a route in any navigation area with a relatively low computational complexity. This approach is appropriate for clearly delineated zones of the fairway, and it is compatible with zone methods.

Europe as a geoeconomic pivot: geography and the limits of US economic containment of China

ABSTRACT Intensifying strategic competition with China has introduced the need for the United States to consider extensive and stringent economic restrictions against the rising power. This article suggests that US economic containment of China is unlikely to materialise due to the presence of the EU states that are not militarily threatened by the geographically separated China and in a position to prioritise economic benefits in exchanges with that state. It first identifies the role of the EU in China’s foreign economic exchanges and addresses the ability of the EU states to replace the economic function of the United States in China. Then, it discusses how geographical conditions surrounding China make the rising state largely an East Asian threat. It suggests that, devoid of any direct military threat from China, the EU states can undermine the effectiveness of substantial US economic containment measures against China by functioning as alternative economic partners or facilitating China’s construction of alternative economic routes. Finally, this paper discusses the limitations in US ability to constrain the EU states’ economic exchanges with China. While concerns grow over Washington’s economic assertiveness against Beijing, the feasibility of a US-led upheaval in economic relations involving China should be carefully gauged.

Routes Planning Models for Railway Transport Systems in Relation to Passengers’ Demand

Nowadays, transport systems efficiency plays a key role for communities’ liveability and economy, being in addition an important factor in the economic integration of countries. The purpose of the article is to develop multi-stage models of tourist activities for optimizing the development of operating companies. For the implementation of models, the authors evolved the relevant system of organizational-functional support for the development of railway tourism. The research will enable us to take into consideration risks when planning tourist routes by railway, determine the order of construction or start of routes, and assess their profitability. This will provide to earn the expected incomes of all interested parties in tourist activities for the specified period. The authors created economic-mathematical models of the discrete optimal planning of the railway tourism operations. This takes into account conditions of risks and cooperation, and allows to determine which sets of effective routes are the most profitable ones. The results of the realization of the developed models include the task of the succession of the tourist route introduction according to the present and future infrastructure, availability of the rolling stock, etc. In this, consideration is given to obtaining maximum profit from tourism businesses for every participant during an established period.

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AS A FACTOR OF THE EU COUNTRIES' ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. The driving force behind the economic development of the regions and the countries-members of the European Union is modern transport infrastructure. For this reason, to draw up the level with the countries of Western Europe, there is funding for the countries of the former socialist bloc in the construction and modernization of road routes. The purpose of the article is studying the condition of road infrastructure in the EU and, in particular, Poland as a factor in the economic development of countries and regions. Results. The article analyzes the current development of road infrastructure in Europe and, in particular, Poland and the implementing investments for this purpose. The Regulations of the General Director for National Roads and Motorways as well as legal acts concerning this issue were analyzed. The prospects for the development of Polish road engineering till 2030 were indicated. The types of roundabouts on motorways built in the EU countries are presented. Scientific articles on the situation of EU countries in the field of road infrastructure have proven to be important sources of information. However, the most important source when it comes to road infrastructure in Poland turned out to be materials of General Directorate for National Roads and Highways, in which all national road programs are described. Conclusions. The authors justify that each year Poland is getting closer to the Western countries of EU on the level of road infrastructure development. The main reason for the increase in the level of road infrastructure in Poland is the projects of the General Directorate for National Roads and Highways, as well as the National Road Construction Program for the years 2014-2023 (with a perspective till 2030) and the National Road Traffic Management System for TEN-T networks, which will have a significant impact on economic growth and the comfort of movement of the society. Keywords: road infrastructure, economic development, Trans-European Transport Network, sustainable transport development strategy.

Influence of Geometric Indexes of Escape Routes Over Evacuation of People from Buildings and Facilities

The present work presents the relationship between geometric parameters of escape routes and efficiency of evacuation of people from buildings and facilities. An integrated mathematical approach for providing conditions for successful evacuation is presented. Specific effects of measurements and shapes of escape routes and escape exits on the behavior of the crowd are studied. An assessment of consequences of incorrectly applied architectural and construction measures in the construction of escape routes and escape exits is made. Adequate geometric solutions are proposed to facilitate the rapid and reliable movement of the crowd to a safe area. A concrete example of application of the approach through a calculation procedure is presented.

The utilization of graph applications in the making of Angkot B2 lines (Minggu of market – Black River) Bengkulu city

This study discusses how the application of graph theory is used to assist in the construction of the B2 angkot route in Bengkulu City so that it is more regular and can reduce congestion. With a neat and orderly route, it can help make it easier for people to determine which angkot they will use to get to their chosen destination. This research will use the literary method (the problem of the Chinese postman). The results showed that the trajectory made by the literary method (the problem of the Chinese postman) can solve traffic jams.

The development of tobacco cultivation in Tauride Province in the late XIX – early XX centuries

The subject of this article is the tobacco cultivation in Tauride Province in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The author provides information on the amount of land allocated for tobacco cultivation, types of tobacco, tobacco plants and their owners, manufactured tobacco products, as well as retail of tobacco products. An overview is given to the factors that affected the demand for tobacco products in this historical period and uneven level of tobacco production. The article leans on the vast array of sources, including archival materials from the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea and the Russian State Historical Archive, statistical data, as well as reference material. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt to give a broader picture of tobacco production in the territory of Tauride Province, as this topic did not receive due attention within the Russian historiography. The conclusion is made that the second half of the XIX century marks a breakthrough in the development of tobacco cultivation in Tauride Province, associated with the legislative acts on taxation, as well as construction of new transport routes. This turned tobacco cultivation into one of the leading segments of agriculture in Yalta, Simferopol and Feodosia Uyezds, which have the most favorable natural and climatic conditions for the development of this industry. However, significant decline in the number of tobacco farmers was observed by the beginning of the XX century, as well as the acres of land allocated for tobacco cultivation. This was caused by unfavorable conditions for retail of tobacco products, decrease in yield capacity, quality of tobacco, as well as excess of supply over demand for tobacco products.