Construction Of Ecological Corridors Research Articles

Habitat Suitability Evaluation and Ecological Corridor Construction for Asian Elephants: The Case of Jiangcheng, a New Range for Elephants in Southwestern China

In recent years, the northward migration of elephant herds in China’s Yunnan Province has attracted unprecedented public attention to the conservation of Asian elephants, with habitat fragmentation and human disturbance thought to be key factors. In this study, we used Jiangcheng, a new distribution site for Asian elephants in southwest China, as an example, combined the available remote sensing and monitoring data with the MaxEnt3.4.1 model, to analyze the factors affecting the activities of Asian elephants under the conditions of human disturbance and habitat degradation. The Least Cumulative Resistance model was utilized to construct the potential ecological dispersal corridors, and the key corridors were identified through the gravity model to explore the ecological security pattern of the habitat of Asian elephants in Jiangcheng County. The results show that the habitat of Asian elephants in Jiangcheng County is fragmented, showing a north–south strip distribution, never moving to the northeast. The existing suitable habitat is located in the low-elevation area (<1500 m), which is close to water sources and roads, and there is no nature reserve in this area. The land is mainly occupied by scrub or grassland near mountainous forests, but part of it is also under cultivation, which leads to conflicts between humans and elephants occur frequently. There are 14 ecological source areas, which are mainly distributed in the two regions of Zhengdong and Kangping, and there are 92 ecological corridors, of which 3 are important corridors and 89 are general corridors. This study comprehensively analyzes the current status and connectivity of Asian elephant habitat in Jiangcheng County at the regional scale, which helps to optimize the pattern of suitable habitat, promotes the dispersal of Asian elephants and habitat connectivity, and provides realistic guidance and basic information for the conservation planning of isolated populations of this species and their habitats.

An Evaluation of Suitable Habitats for Amur Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in Northeastern China Based on the Random Forest Model.

Amur tigers are at the top of the food chain and play an important role in maintaining the health of forest ecosystems. Scientific and detailed assessment of the habitat quality of Amur tigers in China is the key to maintaining the forest ecosystem and also addressing the urgent need to protect and restore the wild population of Amur tigers in China. This study used the random forest method to predict the potential habitat of Amur tigers in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces using animal occurrence sites and a variety of environmental variables. Random forests are a combination of tree predictors such that each tree depends on the values of a random vector sampled independently and with the same distribution for all trees in the forest. The generalization error for forests converges to a limit as the number of trees in the forest becomes large. The generalization error of a forest of tree classifiers depends on the strength of the individual trees in the forest and the correlation between them. The results showed that the AUC value of the test set was 0.955. The true skill statistic (TSS) value is 0.5924, indicating that the model had good prediction accuracy. Using the optimal threshold determined by the Youden index as the cutoff value, we found that the suitable habitat for Amur tigers in the field was approximately 107,600 km2, accounting for 16.3% of the total study areas. It was mainly distributed in the Sino-Russian border areas in the south of the Laoyeling Mountains at the junction of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, the Sino-Russian border areas of Hulin-Raohe in the eastern part of the Wanda Mountains, and the Lesser Khingan Mountain forest region. The habitat suitability of the Greater Khingan Mountain and the plain areas connecting Harbin and Changchun was relatively low. Prey potential richness was the most critical factor driving the distribution of Amur tigers. Compared with their prey, the potential habitats for Amur tigers in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces were small in total areas, sporadically distributed, and had low continuity and a lack of connectivity between patches. This indicates that some factors may restrict the diffusion of the Amur tiger, whereas the diffusion of ungulates is less restricted. The Amur tigers in this area face a serious threat of habitat fragmentation, suggesting that habitat protection, restoration, and ecological corridor construction should be strengthened to increase population dispersal and exchange. We provide a reference for future population conservation, habitat restoration, construction of ecological migration corridors, and population exchange of Amur tigers.

Optimizing Landscape Structure of Hybrid Land Use in Ecological Corridors Based on Comprehensive Benefit Index in Metropolitan Area

As an inherent part of the landscape ecological network (LEN), the ecological corridor is the bridge between ecological sources and also the key to ensuring urban ecological security. Existing studies on ecological corridors mostly stay in the large scale of landscape patterns and lack guidance for corridor structure design or optimization at the land use level. To provide a reference for the internal landscape structure adjustment of the ecological corridor composed of hybrid land use in the rapidly urbanized areas, first, we constructed the “Comprehensive benefit index of ecological corridors I” by using the three indexes of “Ecological benefit enhancement potential”, “Economic input cost” and “Social coordination cost”. Second, with the goal of maximizing the comprehensive benefits of the three aspects of ecological corridor construction, we established a functional relationship between the converted agricultural land area A, constructed land area C, and index I to determine the optimal proportion of agricultural lands and constructed lands converted into ecological lands within the planning scope of the ecological corridors. The results show that (1) according to the conversion ratio, the ecological corridors in the study area can be divided into three degrees of conversion rate: low, moderate, and high. (2) Among the 66 ecological corridors, the agricultural lands in 26 ecological corridors and the constructed lands in 35 ecological corridors need to be converted into ecological land at a high ratio to ensure the comprehensive benefits of the corresponding corridors. We also put forward suggestions for landscape structure adjustment and optimization for ecological corridors with different conversion degrees. This method can help balance the benefits of different stakeholders in the city and implement the results of ecological corridor planning on a large spatial and temporal scale at the land use level.

Optimizing ecological security patterns considering zonal vegetation distribution for regional sustainability

The construction of an ecological security pattern (ESP) has practical significance in mitigating the growing conflict between the social economy and environmental sustainability. In northeast China, there is a pressing need to reach synergy between food and ecological security. Taking Jilin Province, which is a key ecological node in northeast China, as a case study, this study aimed to explore ESP construction and propose ecological protection, restoration, and spatial optimization schemes. Ecological sources were identified with ecosystem service importance and ecological sensitivity. The resistance surface was modified using nighttime light and population density. Ecological corridors and ecological nodes were extracted using the minimum cumulative resistance model and landscape connectivity. The ecological source area is 41,530 km2, accounting for 22.2% of the land area of Jilin, dominated by woodland and wetlands. There were 77 ecological corridors with a total length of 7813.38 km and 36 important ecological nodes. Corridors are intertwined, while the ecological network in the east and west is stable and the connectivity in the central region is low. The ESP of Jilin was divided into five security levels. The areas with relatively high and high security, accounting for 49.8% and 22.2%, respectively, were mainly concentrated in the eastern and western regions of the province. This study explored ESP construction and optimization strategies within regions with heterogeneous ecosystem distributions and growing environmental pressures. The results reconfirm the importance of IUCN sites and nature reserves in terms of ecological corridor construction, which provides scientific guidance for managing regional sustainability and a reference for similar research.

The role of the spatial topology in trophic metacommunities: Species with reduced mobility and total population size

A central question in ecology is understanding the influence of the spatial topology on the dynamics of a metacommunity. This is not an easy task, as most fragmented ecosystems have trophic interactions involving many species and patches. Recent attempts to solve this challenge have introduced certain simplifying assumptions or focused on a limited set of examples. These simplifications make the models mathematically tractable but keep away from real-world problems. In this paper, we provide a novel methodology to describe the influence of the spatial topology on the total population size of the species when the dispersal rates are small. The main conclusion is that the influence of the spatial topology is the result of the influence of each path in isolation. Here, a path refers to a pairwise connection between two patches. Our framework can be readily used with any metacommunity, and therefore represents a unification of biological insights. We also discuss several applications regarding the construction of ecological corridors.

Habitat suitability evaluation and ecological corridor construction of wintering cranes in Poyang Lake

The construction of ecological corridor is of great significance in alleviating the impact of habitat fragmentation on habitat quality and maintaining the stability of regional ecosystem. Taking overwintering cranes in a typical wetland of Poyang Lake as the research object, the ecological source was screened by calculating landscape connectivity, and the resistance factor and minimum cumulative resistance model were determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct an ecological corridor, and the habitat connectivity scheme of overwintering cranes in a typical wetland of Poyang Lake was discussed. The results showed that: ① The resistance surface was relatively high in the central, northern, eastern, central, western and southwestern regions of the study area, but relatively low in the eastern, northwestern and southeastern regions of the study area. ② From 2010 to 2020, the optimal habitat changed from 104.51 km2 to 79.03 km2, and concentrated in the eastern and southern regions of the study area. The least suitable habitat changed from 59.53 km2 to 104.78 km2, and concentrated in the middle line of the study area. ③ In this study, 18 potential ecological corridors were constructed, which were mainly distributed in Fenglin Mountain, Dengjia Village and Banshan Village in the south of the study area and Wangjiadun, Desert Zhou, Houshanzhou and Laoxu Village in the east.

Identification and Construction of Ecological Nodes in the Fuzhou Ecological Corridors

Ecological corridor construction is an important support of the current pursuit of high-quality urbanization. Fuzhou is a mountain–water city characterized by a unique spatial structure. However, rapid urbanization has exacerbated the rate of ecosystem fragmentation, negatively impacting the livable living environment. The construction of ecological corridors is of great significance for efforts to restore the broken landscape and form the urban ecosystem as an organic whole in Fuzhou. In the present study, Fuzhou was considered as the study area, and the water, green, and ventilation corridors, as well as surface temperature data, were analyzed using the kernel density analysis method to generate surface-temperature-based ecological nodes. The impacts of various corridors and surface temperatures on the construction of the Fuzhou ecological corridors were assessed using ecological theory, and the ecological resistance surfaces of the influencing factors were obtained. We constructed ecological corridors for the mitigation of the urban heat island in Fuzhou using the MCR model with four levels and then evaluated the network connectivity of the corridors. The results revealed the following findings: (1) The study area comprises 32 ecological nodes, including nine in Minhou County and Changle District, four in Mawei and Cangshan Districts, and two in Gulou, Taijiang, and Jin’an Districts. (2) Fuzhou contains 63 ecological corridors with a total length of approximately 494.65 km. These include 31 first-level (201.16 km), 11 second-level (98.56 km), 14 third-level (129.12 km), and 7 fourth-level (65.81 km) corridors. (3) The degree of closure (α), the point rate of lines (β), the degree of connectivity (γ), and the degree of connectivity (Cr) indexes of the network structure for the ecological corridors were 0.27, 2.03, 0.72, and 0.87, respectively. They indicate that the overall ecological effectiveness of the network is high and can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of ecological corridors in the future.

Construction of an ecological security pattern based on functional wetland theory: A case study in a landscape city

The high-intensity development of a city encroaches on the ecological land, such as lakes, rivers, and forests, which changes the stable land relationship, resulting in ecological security problems, such as regional waterlogging and a decline in biodiversity. Identifying urban ecological systems and constructing ecological security patterns (ESP) are of great importance for urban ecological protection and spatial planning. The complexity of the ecological environment in landscape cities makes them more difficult for planning and construction than in plain cities. Additionally, they are more susceptible to torrential rains, mountain torrents, and river tides in the process of urbanization. This study introduced the functional wetland theory into the construction of the ESP and obtained a new set of methods for landscape cities. Based on the functional wetland theory, the “patch-corridor-matrix” model was used to combine the geographic information system (GIS) runoff and catchment analysis with the MSPA-MCR ecological corridor construction method to form a new wetland and habitat network by coupling the two together. Additionally, construction principles of protection priority, maximization of ecological benefits, guarantee of connectivity, and targeted design to guide the construction of landscape cities were put forward. This study takes the central urban area of Fuzhou as an example to show the application path of this method.

Spatial Analysis of Ecological Corridors in Giant Panda National Park Based on GIS

As one of the national park pilot areas, the main goal of The Giant Panda National Park is to protect the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem which is centered on the giant panda. Because of the large scope of national parks, it is necessary to plan ecological corridors reasonably to protect the integrity and authenticity of the ecological environment. Based on the GIS system, this paper analyzes the ecological environment of giant pandas living in The Giant Panda National Park and processes the information from the spatial scale. Using the cost-distance analysis tool to analyze the corridors with the method of least cost, 12 ecological corridors within the research scope were accumulated. An ecological corridor model planning and construction with the purpose of the giant pandas have been proposed, and the writer also discusses how to promote the construction of ecological corridors when developing Ecotourism at the same time in the national park. Then point out the management of ecological corridors of The Giant Panda National Park.

Identifying ecological corridors for the Chinese ecological conservation redline.

Due to the fragmentation of protected areas (PA), it is important to build ecological corridors in order to connect scattered PA and form protection networks for biodiversity conservation. We take the Chinese ecological conservation redline (ECR) as an example to study the construction of ecological corridors. China has defined ECR to improve the system of PA in key ecological functional zones, nature reserves, and areas of sensitive and fragile ecological environment. In this study, 187 core areas of ECR were identified using ArcGIS masking and dissolving technology to build corridors, covering 95% of the total ECR areas. Using the Linkage Mapper tool and the Pinchpoint Mapper, we identified 454 ecological corridors 68,794 km long. The results of the line density analysis showed that there are 9 key regional biological corridors connected to the ECR at the national scale, which must focus on protecting and strengthening ecological construction during the implementation of ecological conservation redline policy. Our study will provide references for developing a regional pattern of ecological security, territorial spatial planning, and will promote the implementation of biodiversity conservation policies.

The Influence of Harbin Forest–River Ecological Corridor Construction on the Restoration of Mollisols in Cold Regions of China

Artificial ecological corridors (AECs) are internationally approved ecological restoration and climate mitigation strategies. The width and recovery time indices of AECs directly affect the restoration efficiency of degraded soil nutrients. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and quantitative evaluation research on the construction factors of AECs from the perspective of soil fertility improvement. This research aimed to examine the critical ecological corridor construction factors affecting Mollisols’ eco-chemometrics and give a scientific scope. We collected 55 Mollisol samples at different restoration years (0–35 years) and different distances (0–280 m) from the AEC of the Ashi River, a typical Mollisol restoration area in Harbin, and the cold regions of China. We measured the distances, restoration years, soil thickness, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil total organic carbon (SOC), soil total organic matter (SOM), dry matter content (DMC), and the proportion of nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP) and potassium (TK). The results are as follows: (1) Within the AEC, there were significant differences in soil stoichiometric characteristics in different restoration years and locations; after restoration for 10–35 years, the soil stoichiometric characteristics reach or exceed the reference value of Mollisols. (2) It is feasible to restore large-scale degraded Mollisols through ecological corridors. In this recovery process, the soil nutrients first decreased, then increased, and finally reached and exceeded the reference value of normal Mollisols. (3) Soil nutrient accumulation was related to ecological corridor width and recovery time. The recommended unilateral width of the ecological corridor based on Mollisols’ CEC and SOC indices for restoration is 175–225 m, and the restoration period is 22.7–35 years based on Mollisols’ EC and SOC indices for restoration. This study demonstrated the change mechanism of Mollisols in AECs based on recovery time and location, and provided the basis for the Chinese government to formulate policies for Mollisol remediation.

Conservation potentials and limitations of large carnivores in protected areas: A case study in Northeast China

AbstractProtected areas are considered the cornerstone of endangered wildlife conservation. However, quantified conservation potentials and limitations of large carnivores in protected areas are lacking. In the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (NTLNP) in China, our camera trap survey in 2019 found 26–27 adult Amur tigers and 49–59 adult Amur leopards occurring in the park. Based on spatial area, current prey populations, and environmental carrying capacity of prey, we estimated the supportable number of tigers to be 55, 90, and 101 individuals, respectively. For leopard, these values were 95, 356, and 572, respectively. Further simulations indicated that human land use change scenarios did not contribute much to increasing the potential prey‐supportable populations of Amur tiger and leopard. Our results showed that the number of tigers and leopards in NTLNP is currently low and has a high recovery potential. However, even the highest supportable population is not enough to support the sustainable existence of an Amur tiger population. Therefore, we suggest that, in addition to further restoration and improvement of the prey population and habitat quality in NTLNP, managers should strengthen the connectivity between NTLNP and other habitat patches to form a well‐connected network of protected areas. Promoting the spread of tigers and leopards outwards from this source population in NTLNP through ecological corridor construction would enlarge the area of habitat and is a crucial measure for realizing the sustainable survival of an Amur tiger population in Northeast China.

Exploring environmental connection: ecological network opportunities in the Shahdagh National Park, Azerbaijan

The high growth rate of consumption of natural resources by people in the last century have seriously and negatively affected ecosystems and led to the loss of biodiversity. At present, it is important to take the necessary measures to ensure sustainable development and biodiversity conservation. Ecological networks play an important role in maintaining and controlling the stability and balance of communication between ecosystem complexes. For this purpose, the possibility of creating an ecological network that includes core areas, buffer zones, ecological corridors and restoration areas in the section of Shamakhi district of the Shahdagh National Park was explored. The designated buffer zone of the national park includes 14 villages and 1 settlement type administrative unit. Mountainous landscapes predominate in the area, and the absolute height ranges from 500-200 m. Riverbeds, intermountain depression, mountain passes, trails and forests which should be planted in the areas we offer, were considered as main factors during the construction of ecological corridors in the national park and the buffer zones. The materials obtained from the literature and our field studies, also, vector and raster data were used during the site identification. The data was processed in software such as ArcGIS 10, ERDAS Imagine, Global Mapper, Google Earth, etc. Existing ecosystems were identified, and areas were calculated in separate elements of the ecological network in the study area.

Effects of Urbanization on Landscape Patterns in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Region

The middle reaches of the Yangtze River region (MRYRR) are China’s first trans-regional urban agglomeration, located in the center of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The MRYRR is an important ecological reserve, and its land cover changes are affected by both socio-economic development and geographical environment. In this paper, Landsat ETM/TM/OLI remote sensing images were used to monitor land use and landscape patterns from 1990 to 2015. Through supervised classification, land use transfer matrix, landscape pattern metrics and correlation analysis, the spatial-temporal patterns of land use change and its relationship with socio-economic in the study area were revealed. The results showed that: (1) the main land use types in the study area were cropland (CL) and forestland (FL), accounting for more than three-quarters of the study area. During the study period, built-up land (BL) increased, CL decreased, FL increased first and then decreased; (2) the BL expanded mainly by occupying CL and FL, and regional landscape pattern was gradually fragmented, with complex patch shape and increasing diversity and heterogeneity. Among them, the BL is gradually gathered, and the FL and CL are gradually fragmented; (3) in the past 25 years, the urbanization process in this region has been obvious, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has increased by 36 times. The socioeconomic variables were positively correlated with BL, orchard (OL) and Shannon diversity index (SHID), and negatively correlated with CL, Wasteland (WL), mean patch size (MPS) and contagion size (CONTAG). The results showed that the urbanization development has a great impact on the region, and the ecological protection task is still challenging. It is necessary to protect high-quality cropland and draw a red line for ecological protection. We should strengthen the construction of ecological corridors and ecological nodes to adapt to regional sustainable development.

The development status and evaluation of Hunchun wild Amur tiger reserve and Sino-Russian ecological corridor construction

Jilin Hunchun Wild Amur Tiger Park National Nature Reserve is China's first national-level tiger and leopard nature reserve with the highest number and density of wild Amur tigers and leopards in China. The reserve had become a part of ecological corridor for tigers to freely migrate between China and Russia. China provided a significant protection zone to address the threat of small population of Amur tiger. The solution published in China and effectiveness of the protection zone are discussed in this paper. Even more solutions are planned to be achieved through cooperation between China and Russia.

Construction methods of urban ecological corridor for birds: A review

The ecological corridors considering bird movement characteristics and habitat requirements would mitigate species extinction caused by habitat loss or habitat fragmentation and facilitate species gene dispersal and exchange. These functions may in turn benefit urban residents' physical and mental health as well as appreciation of real estates. Nonetheless, main ecological corridor construction methods developed by foreign scholars have not internally considered the movement and habitat characteristics of birds, while corridor research for birds by domestic scholars have focused on explorations of foreign technical methods yet lacked enough knowledge on studied birds' characteristics. Therefore, there is still much room for improvement in the study of urban ecological corridor construction from the perspective of birds. Based on the analyses of domestic and foreign related research from 1975 to 2020, we identified seven corridor construction methods and three corridor optimization methods within which bird ecology can be integrated. The advantages, drawbacks, and applicable scenarios of all the methods were explored accordingly. Finally, we argued that the develop-ment of computational models, which could not only combine bird species' observation data and spatial movement data with landscape structures but could also possess efficient computation power as well as simulate corridor's ecological benefits, would be a trend for constructing ecological corridor for birds.

Ecological Corridor Construction Based on Least-Cost Modeling Using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Nighttime Light Data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

Anthropic pressure is one of the main drivers of landscape change and biodiversity loss. Artificial nighttime light, which can affect species behavior, is an important human-induced threat to biodiversity, but it is often ignored in ecological connectivity research. To mitigate the adverse impacts of artificial lighting on biodiversity, this study integrates artificial nighttime light in landscape ecology and analyzes the influence of artificial nighttime light on landscape connectivity. A quantitative approach integrating nighttime light brightness from a Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) with a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from a Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is proposed to estimate the matrix resistance, which can identify the sensitive areas that are disrupted by nighttime light. It was found that the nightscape in the study area is significantly disrupted by nighttime light and the matrix resistance in the center of the study area significantly increases. Compared to the least-cost routes from the NDVI, the “dark” least-cost ecological corridors constructed using our approach apparently change in both location and distance. The corridors moved to the outer suburbs and rural areas, and the maximum increase in distance of the least-cost paths was 37.94%. Due to less disturbance from human activity and the maintenance of a pristine nightscape, “dark” ecological corridors can reduce the adverse effects of night lights and contribute to biodiversity. However, natural habitats have been greatly affected by nighttime light with the increase in global illumination, and it is essential that we improve public awareness of light pollution and formulate light-reduction policies and legislation.

Ecological Network Model in Shahdagh National Park

The purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of creating an ecological network that includes core areas, buffer zones, ecological corridors, and restoration areas in the section of the Shamakhi district of the Shahdagh National Park (Azerbaijan). Materials and methods. As materials, we used vector and raster data, as well as literature materials to determine and analyse the elements of an ecological network. Operations were performed by using ArcGIS 10.8 and ERDAS Imagine software. During the field research, observations were made in order to match the elements of the ecological network with the cameral study. Results. In the article, protected natural areas are presented as the core areas and the surrounding areas as buffer zones under the relevant legislation. Riverbeds, mountain passes, trails, and forests which should be planted in the areas we offer, were considered as main factors during the construction of ecological corridors in the national park and the buffer zones. In this case, “least-cost” modelling was applied and ecological corridors were designated to ensure connectivity between core areas. As a result, the optimal ecological network model for the study area has been developed and mapped in the article. Conclusion. The high growth rate of consumption of natural resources led to the loss of biodiversity in the last decades. At present, it is important to take the necessary measures, and connectivity of ecosystems and natural complexes play an important role in sustainability. The presented model in the study can help to conserve biodiversity, reduce anthropogenic impacts, eliminate environmental barriers, and develop appropriate forms of land use.

珠三角城市群生态空间分区方法与管控对策

生态空间管控是维护区域生态安全，解决区域生态供需矛盾的重要手段。生态空间分区一直是生态管控的热点问题，对促进城市群可持续发展具有重要意义。以珠三角城市群为例，基于政策目标、民众需求、专家知识等方面综合构建评价体系，开展了基于生态空间质量和生态系统健康评价的生态空间分区的探索研究。结果表明：珠三角城市群生态空间约占城市群面积的82.8%，生态空间质量好，但生态系统健康水平低。城市尺度肇庆市、深圳市生态空间质量较高，珠海市、中山市生态空间质量较低；惠州市、肇庆市生态系统健康水平较高，佛山市、中山市生态系统健康水平较低。综合生态空间质量和生态系统健康，区域尺度将城市群生态空间分为重点保护区、重点修复区、潜在修复区和生态保育区。重点保护区占生态空间总面积的10.1%，是区域生态源地，应实行最严格的环境保护制度，划定生态保护红线和自然保护地，加强生态建设和生物多样性保护，并加强生态连通性建设，提升区域整体生态系统服务；重点修复区占生态空间总面积的21.6%，以生态修复，实施生态治理工程，推进生态产业为主；潜在修复区占生态空间总面积的13.1%，以保护优先、自然恢复为主，对生态空间进行全面的养护，保护和提升品质，重点提升生态系统服务；生态保育区占生态空间总面积的55.2%，重点实施生态廊道建设，同时加强区域高标准农田建设，在保护生态空间的基础上合理开展生产建设活动。对生态空间分区管控的研究可方便决策者对生态修复空间和生态保护空间进行识别和分类管理，有效指导国土空间规划和区域生态环境管理体系的完善。;Ecological space management is an important means to maintain regional ecological security and solve the imbalance between regional ecological supply and demand. The classification of ecological space has always been a hot issue in the ecological management and plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of urban agglomeration. This paper takes the urban agglomeration of Pearl River Delta as an example, based on the policy goals, public preferences, and expert knowledge of urban agglomeration to comprehensively construct the evaluation system. The initial study of the ecological space management zoning was conducted on the basis of the evaluation of the ecological space quality and ecosystem health. The results showed that the ecological space accounted for 82.8% of the area of the urban agglomeration. The quality of the ecological space was good, but the level of the ecosystem health was low. At the urban scale, the ecological space quality of Zhaoqing and Shenzhen was higher, that of Zhuhai and Zhongshan was lower; the ecosystem health of Huizhou and Zhaoqing was higher, that of Foshan and Zhongshan was lower. Integrated with the quality of ecological space and ecosystem health, the ecological space was divided into key protection area, key restoration area, potential restoration area, and ecological conservation area at the regional scale. The key protected areas accounted for 10.1%, which were the regional ecological source areas. The strictest environmental protection system should be implemented, ecological red line and nature protected area should be delimited, strengthen ecological construction and biodiversity protection, also the construction of ecological connectivity should be strengthened to improve the overall regional ecosystem services. The key restoration areas accounted for 21.6%, mainly focusing on ecological restoration, implementation of ecological projects, and promotion of ecological industry. The potential restoration areas account for 13.1%, mainly focusing on protection and natural recovery, comprehensive conservation and protection and improve the quality of ecological space, and focus on improving the function of ecosystem service. The ecological conservation area account for 55.2%, mainly focusing on ecological corridor construction, strengthening the construction of high standard farmland, and protecting the basis of ecological space. Therefore, the production and construction activities should be carried out reasonably. In this paper, the research on the ecological space zoning could facilitate the decision makers to identify and classify the ecological restoration space and the ecological protection space, and could effectively guide the improvement of the land space planning and the regional ecological environment management system.

Exploring the Habitat Restoration and Landscape Construction of the Wetland Lakeside Zone in the Lujiang Section on the Southern Bank of the Chaohu Lake

This article proposes the corresponding situation from the four aspects of the wetland along the south bank of the Chaohu Lake, the aquatic reed wetland habitat, the aquatic plant landscape, the anti-wave forest and the slope protection, combined with the current situation and treatment of the lakeside line in the Lujiang section on the south bank of Chaohu Lake. Focusing on the habitat and landscape construction of the south bank of the Chaohu Lake wetland, it emphasizes the principle of ecological priority, highlights the application of ecological engineering technology, continues the urban“blue vein green network” ecological pattern, which strengthens the construction of ecological corridors and protection systems, and that establishes a stable and excellent ring. Chaohu wetland lakeside ecosystem.