珠三角城市群生态空间分区方法与管控对策

Abstract

生态空间管控是维护区域生态安全，解决区域生态供需矛盾的重要手段。生态空间分区一直是生态管控的热点问题，对促进城市群可持续发展具有重要意义。以珠三角城市群为例，基于政策目标、民众需求、专家知识等方面综合构建评价体系，开展了基于生态空间质量和生态系统健康评价的生态空间分区的探索研究。结果表明：珠三角城市群生态空间约占城市群面积的82.8%，生态空间质量好，但生态系统健康水平低。城市尺度肇庆市、深圳市生态空间质量较高，珠海市、中山市生态空间质量较低；惠州市、肇庆市生态系统健康水平较高，佛山市、中山市生态系统健康水平较低。综合生态空间质量和生态系统健康，区域尺度将城市群生态空间分为重点保护区、重点修复区、潜在修复区和生态保育区。重点保护区占生态空间总面积的10.1%，是区域生态源地，应实行最严格的环境保护制度，划定生态保护红线和自然保护地，加强生态建设和生物多样性保护，并加强生态连通性建设，提升区域整体生态系统服务；重点修复区占生态空间总面积的21.6%，以生态修复，实施生态治理工程，推进生态产业为主；潜在修复区占生态空间总面积的13.1%，以保护优先、自然恢复为主，对生态空间进行全面的养护，保护和提升品质，重点提升生态系统服务；生态保育区占生态空间总面积的55.2%，重点实施生态廊道建设，同时加强区域高标准农田建设，在保护生态空间的基础上合理开展生产建设活动。对生态空间分区管控的研究可方便决策者对生态修复空间和生态保护空间进行识别和分类管理，有效指导国土空间规划和区域生态环境管理体系的完善。;Ecological space management is an important means to maintain regional ecological security and solve the imbalance between regional ecological supply and demand. The classification of ecological space has always been a hot issue in the ecological management and plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of urban agglomeration. This paper takes the urban agglomeration of Pearl River Delta as an example, based on the policy goals, public preferences, and expert knowledge of urban agglomeration to comprehensively construct the evaluation system. The initial study of the ecological space management zoning was conducted on the basis of the evaluation of the ecological space quality and ecosystem health. The results showed that the ecological space accounted for 82.8% of the area of the urban agglomeration. The quality of the ecological space was good, but the level of the ecosystem health was low. At the urban scale, the ecological space quality of Zhaoqing and Shenzhen was higher, that of Zhuhai and Zhongshan was lower; the ecosystem health of Huizhou and Zhaoqing was higher, that of Foshan and Zhongshan was lower. Integrated with the quality of ecological space and ecosystem health, the ecological space was divided into key protection area, key restoration area, potential restoration area, and ecological conservation area at the regional scale. The key protected areas accounted for 10.1%, which were the regional ecological source areas. The strictest environmental protection system should be implemented, ecological red line and nature protected area should be delimited, strengthen ecological construction and biodiversity protection, also the construction of ecological connectivity should be strengthened to improve the overall regional ecosystem services. The key restoration areas accounted for 21.6%, mainly focusing on ecological restoration, implementation of ecological projects, and promotion of ecological industry. The potential restoration areas account for 13.1%, mainly focusing on protection and natural recovery, comprehensive conservation and protection and improve the quality of ecological space, and focus on improving the function of ecosystem service. The ecological conservation area account for 55.2%, mainly focusing on ecological corridor construction, strengthening the construction of high standard farmland, and protecting the basis of ecological space. Therefore, the production and construction activities should be carried out reasonably. In this paper, the research on the ecological space zoning could facilitate the decision makers to identify and classify the ecological restoration space and the ecological protection space, and could effectively guide the improvement of the land space planning and the regional ecological environment management system.